Taihu Lake area is one of the most developed areas in agricultural production. Application of fertilizers and pesticides in large quantities greatly aggravate environmental pollution of this area, and water pollution ...Taihu Lake area is one of the most developed areas in agricultural production. Application of fertilizers and pesticides in large quantities greatly aggravate environmental pollution of this area, and water pollution has worsened to an unbearable condition. Two sampling farms (respectively 1 hm2) under rape-rice rotation and wheat-rice rotation were selected as studied ecosystem and a 5-yr-old Poplar forest and 8-yr-old Metasequoia forest were chosen in the selected areas. By collecting samples of Nitrogen, Phosphorus in water, crops and underground of forest, the transfer and loss of N and P (main water pollutants) in faming ecosystem were studied, and the effects of forest belts on non-point source pollution of agricultural lands was analyzed. The results indicated that the transfer and loss of N and P vary with means of rotation, types of crops and the amount of fertilizer application. Buffering forest belts betweens farmlands and ditches can effectively stop and purify such elements as N and P in soil runoffs, thus controlling non-point source pollution of agricultural lands. When the width ratio of farmland to forest belt is 100 to 40, 50.05% losing N, 29.37% losing P can be absorbed by forest under rape-rice rotation and 30.98% N, 86.73% P can be absorbed by forest under wheat-rice rotation. When the width ratio of farmland to forest belt is 150 to 40, 33.37% losing N, 19.58% losing P can be absorbed by the forest under rape-rice rotation, and under wheat-rice rotation 20.65% lost N and 57.82% lost P can be absorbed. There is only some purification effect when the width ration of farmland to forest belt is 200 to 40. Based on model of buffering forest belts, the width ratio of farmland to forest is determined between 100 to 40 and 150 to 40, because it not only can purify water, but also occupy less farmland. It is suggested that Poplars, with the characteristics of fast-growing and high value, are suitable to be planted as shelter-forest in Taihu Lake Watershed.展开更多
The concentration of runoff depends upon that of soil loss and the latter is assumed to be linear to the value of EI that equals the product of total storm energy E times the maximum 30-min intensity I 30 for a giv...The concentration of runoff depends upon that of soil loss and the latter is assumed to be linear to the value of EI that equals the product of total storm energy E times the maximum 30-min intensity I 30 for a given rainstorm. Usually, the maximum accumulative amount of rain for a rainstorm might bring on the maximum amount of runoff, but it does not equal the maximum erosion and not always lead the maximum concentration. Thus, the average concentration weighted by amount of runoff is somewhat unreasonable. An improvement for the calculation method of non-point source pollution load put forward by professor Li Huaien is proposed. In replacement of the weight of runoff, EI value of a single rainstorm is introduced as a new weight. An example of Fujing River watershed shows that its application is effective.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)present in drinking water as dissolved nitrates can directly affect people’s health,making it important to control N pollution in water source areas.N pollution caused by agricultural fertilizers can be co...Nitrogen(N)present in drinking water as dissolved nitrates can directly affect people’s health,making it important to control N pollution in water source areas.N pollution caused by agricultural fertilizers can be controlled by reducing the amount of fertilizer applied,but pollution caused by soil and water erosion in hilly areas can only be controlled by conservation forests.The catchment area around Fushi Reservoir was selected as a test site and mechanisms of N loss from a vertical spatial perspective through field observations were determined.The main N losses occurred from June to September,accounting for 85.9-95.9%of the annual loss,with the losses in June and July accounting for 46.0%of the total,and in August and September for 41.9%.The N leakage from the water source area was effectively reduced by 38.2%through the optimization of the stand structure of the conservation forests.Establishing well-structured forests for water conservation is crucial to ensure the security of drinking water.This preliminary research lays the foundation for revealing then loss mechanisms in water source areas and improving the control of non-point source pollution in these areas.展开更多
本文利用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tools)模型,在GIS技术和流域数字高程模型的支持下,对北京密云水库北部区域进行了流域非点源污染模拟研究,建立了一套适用于SWAT模型的研究区非点源污染基础信息库;根据2000—2002年的气象、水...本文利用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tools)模型,在GIS技术和流域数字高程模型的支持下,对北京密云水库北部区域进行了流域非点源污染模拟研究,建立了一套适用于SWAT模型的研究区非点源污染基础信息库;根据2000—2002年的气象、水文、水质等监测数据,对研究区非点源污染负荷的时空变化进行模拟。结果表明,在空间尺度上,白河流域产流(占总流域的47.75%)、产沙(占总流域的53.65%)最大,但潮河水系含沙量(占总流域的62.55%)最大;单位面积氮磷流失量最高区域在潮河水系的东部丘陵区安达木河控制流域,其次为西部山地区的白河水系控制流域,流失量最低的区域出现在潮河水系中部冲积扇区主河道控制流域。在时间尺度上,8月份流量最大,占雨季总流量的51.48%;而硝态氮和矿物质磷在9月份输出最大,分别占雨季总输出83.64%和50.55%。不同土地利用类型非点源污染流失负荷不同,不同土地利用类型非点源污染流失负荷不同,耕地负荷贡献最大,其次是农村居民点,林地的污染负荷贡献最小。展开更多
基金This paper was supported by the Environmental Protection Foundation of Jiangsu Province (2000(二) 0009) National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC39970605).
文摘Taihu Lake area is one of the most developed areas in agricultural production. Application of fertilizers and pesticides in large quantities greatly aggravate environmental pollution of this area, and water pollution has worsened to an unbearable condition. Two sampling farms (respectively 1 hm2) under rape-rice rotation and wheat-rice rotation were selected as studied ecosystem and a 5-yr-old Poplar forest and 8-yr-old Metasequoia forest were chosen in the selected areas. By collecting samples of Nitrogen, Phosphorus in water, crops and underground of forest, the transfer and loss of N and P (main water pollutants) in faming ecosystem were studied, and the effects of forest belts on non-point source pollution of agricultural lands was analyzed. The results indicated that the transfer and loss of N and P vary with means of rotation, types of crops and the amount of fertilizer application. Buffering forest belts betweens farmlands and ditches can effectively stop and purify such elements as N and P in soil runoffs, thus controlling non-point source pollution of agricultural lands. When the width ratio of farmland to forest belt is 100 to 40, 50.05% losing N, 29.37% losing P can be absorbed by forest under rape-rice rotation and 30.98% N, 86.73% P can be absorbed by forest under wheat-rice rotation. When the width ratio of farmland to forest belt is 150 to 40, 33.37% losing N, 19.58% losing P can be absorbed by the forest under rape-rice rotation, and under wheat-rice rotation 20.65% lost N and 57.82% lost P can be absorbed. There is only some purification effect when the width ration of farmland to forest belt is 200 to 40. Based on model of buffering forest belts, the width ratio of farmland to forest is determined between 100 to 40 and 150 to 40, because it not only can purify water, but also occupy less farmland. It is suggested that Poplars, with the characteristics of fast-growing and high value, are suitable to be planted as shelter-forest in Taihu Lake Watershed.
基金FoundationofSichuanScienceandTech nologyCommittee (No .0 1SG4 7 0 2 )
文摘The concentration of runoff depends upon that of soil loss and the latter is assumed to be linear to the value of EI that equals the product of total storm energy E times the maximum 30-min intensity I 30 for a given rainstorm. Usually, the maximum accumulative amount of rain for a rainstorm might bring on the maximum amount of runoff, but it does not equal the maximum erosion and not always lead the maximum concentration. Thus, the average concentration weighted by amount of runoff is somewhat unreasonable. An improvement for the calculation method of non-point source pollution load put forward by professor Li Huaien is proposed. In replacement of the weight of runoff, EI value of a single rainstorm is introduced as a new weight. An example of Fujing River watershed shows that its application is effective.
基金supported by Zhejiang A&F University(2022LFR083)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C02038)the International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan(1632021006)。
文摘Nitrogen(N)present in drinking water as dissolved nitrates can directly affect people’s health,making it important to control N pollution in water source areas.N pollution caused by agricultural fertilizers can be controlled by reducing the amount of fertilizer applied,but pollution caused by soil and water erosion in hilly areas can only be controlled by conservation forests.The catchment area around Fushi Reservoir was selected as a test site and mechanisms of N loss from a vertical spatial perspective through field observations were determined.The main N losses occurred from June to September,accounting for 85.9-95.9%of the annual loss,with the losses in June and July accounting for 46.0%of the total,and in August and September for 41.9%.The N leakage from the water source area was effectively reduced by 38.2%through the optimization of the stand structure of the conservation forests.Establishing well-structured forests for water conservation is crucial to ensure the security of drinking water.This preliminary research lays the foundation for revealing then loss mechanisms in water source areas and improving the control of non-point source pollution in these areas.
文摘本文利用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tools)模型,在GIS技术和流域数字高程模型的支持下,对北京密云水库北部区域进行了流域非点源污染模拟研究,建立了一套适用于SWAT模型的研究区非点源污染基础信息库;根据2000—2002年的气象、水文、水质等监测数据,对研究区非点源污染负荷的时空变化进行模拟。结果表明,在空间尺度上,白河流域产流(占总流域的47.75%)、产沙(占总流域的53.65%)最大,但潮河水系含沙量(占总流域的62.55%)最大;单位面积氮磷流失量最高区域在潮河水系的东部丘陵区安达木河控制流域,其次为西部山地区的白河水系控制流域,流失量最低的区域出现在潮河水系中部冲积扇区主河道控制流域。在时间尺度上,8月份流量最大,占雨季总流量的51.48%;而硝态氮和矿物质磷在9月份输出最大,分别占雨季总输出83.64%和50.55%。不同土地利用类型非点源污染流失负荷不同,不同土地利用类型非点源污染流失负荷不同,耕地负荷贡献最大,其次是农村居民点,林地的污染负荷贡献最小。
