Objective:Multiple myeloma(MM)is a hematologically malignant clonal plasma cell disease.This study aims to explore the association between immunophenotypes and prognosis in patients with MM,to determine whether the ex...Objective:Multiple myeloma(MM)is a hematologically malignant clonal plasma cell disease.This study aims to explore the association between immunophenotypes and prognosis in patients with MM,to determine whether the expression of CD45 and CD200 is related to the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM(NDMM)patients,and to evaluate the significance of the combined expression of CD45 and CD200 in NDMM.Methods:A total of 123 NDMM patients admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from July 2015 to August 2019 were enrolled.Five key immunophenotypic markers(including CD38,CD138,CD45,CD56,and CD200)were screened through flow cytometry and identified using random forest analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis.Patients were divided into 3 groups:Group A,CD45 and CD200 double-positive;Group B,CD45 or CD200 single-positive;Group C,CD45 and CD200 double-negative.Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)across groups.Multivariate Cox regression was performed to evaluate prognostic factors,and a nomogram was constructed based on these results.Results:The OS and PFS of single-positive groups for CD38,CD138,CD45,CD56,and CD200 were all shorter than those of their respective single-negative groups(all P<0.05).Significant differences were observed in OS(P<0.001)and PFS(P=0.001)among Groups A,B,and C.Group A had shorter OS and PFS(all P=0.001)compared to the Group B+C(cases from Group B and Group C were combined).CD45 and CD200 double-positive was an independent prognostic factor for NDMM[hazard ratio(HR)=2.178,95%confidence interval(CI)1.048 to 4.529;P=0.037].The nomogram and calibration curves constructed from multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated good concordance(concordance index=0.706;95%CI 0.661 to 0.751).Conclusion:NDMM patients with double-positive expression of CD45 and CD200 have significantly shorter OS and PFS.Compared with the use of either marker alone,the combined assessment of CD45 and CD200 may provide better prognostic stratification for MM patients.展开更多
The charge carrier transport and recombination dynamics in the quantum dots-based light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)featuring multiple emitting layers(M-EMLs)has a great impact on the device performance.In this work,QLEDs b...The charge carrier transport and recombination dynamics in the quantum dots-based light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)featuring multiple emitting layers(M-EMLs)has a great impact on the device performance.In this work,QLEDs based on M-EMLs separated by polyethyleneimine ethoxylated(PEIE)layer with different stacking sequences of blue(B),green(G),and red(R)QDs layer were used to intuitively explore the injection,transportation and recombination processes of the charge carriers in QLEDs by using the time-resolved electroluminescence(TrEL)spectra.From the TrEL spectra mea-surements,green and red emissions were obtained first in the QLEDs with the EMLs sequences of G/PEIE/B/PEIE/R and B/PEIE/R/PEIE/G along the direction of light emission,respectively.While the QLEDs adopt EMLs sequences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,the blue,green and red emissions were obtained nearly at the same time.The above phenomenon can be attributed to different charge carrier transmission and radiation recombination process in the EMLs due to different valence band offsets and conduction band offsets between R-,G-and B-QDs by using different sequences of EMLs.White emission with coordi-nates of(0.31,0.31)and correlated color temperature(CCT)of 5916 K was obtained in the QLEDs with the EMLs se-quences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,which can be attributed to the relative uniform emission of B-,G-and R-QDs due to the effec-tive injection and radiation recombination of charge carriers in each of the EMLs.The above results have great significance for further understanding and improving the performance of QLEDs with M-EMLs.展开更多
Multiple quadrotors target encirclement is widely used in the intelligent field,as it can effectively monitor and control target behavior.However,it faces the danger of collision,as well as difficulties in localizatio...Multiple quadrotors target encirclement is widely used in the intelligent field,as it can effectively monitor and control target behavior.However,it faces the danger of collision,as well as difficulties in localization and tracking.Therefore,we propose a complete target encirclement method.Firstly,based on Hooke's law,a collision avoidance controller is designed to maintain a safe flying distance among quadrotors.Then,based on the consensus theory,a formation tracking controller is designed to meet the requirements of formation transformation and encirclement tasks,and a stability proof based on Lyapunov was provided.Besides,the target detection is designed based on YOLOv5s,and the target location model is constructed based on the principle of pinhole projection and triangle similarity.Finally,we conducted experiments on the built platform,with 3 reconnaissance quadrotors detecting and localization 3 target vehicles and 7 hunter quadrotors tracking them.The results show that the minimum average error for localization targets with reconnaissance quadrotors can reach 0.1354 m,while the minimum average error for tracking with hunter quadrotors is only 0.2960 m.No quadrotors collision occurred in the whole formation transformation and tracking experiment.In addition,compared with the advanced methods,the proposed method has better performance.展开更多
Red mud is a solid waste discharged in the process of alumina production,and how to realize the efficient recovery of its iron is an urgent problem to be solved.In this study,the iron extraction test and mechanism stu...Red mud is a solid waste discharged in the process of alumina production,and how to realize the efficient recovery of its iron is an urgent problem to be solved.In this study,the iron extraction test and mechanism study of high iron red mud were carried out under the coupling conditions of multiple physical field(microwave field,gas-solid flow field and temperature field)with biomass as the reducing agent.The test results showed that under the optimal conditions,an iron concentrate with a yield of 78.4%,an iron grade of 59.23%,and a recovery rate of 86.65%was obtained.The analyses of XRD,XPS,TEM,and SEM-EDS showed that during the roasting process,the hematite in the high-iron red mud was completely converted to magnetite,and the biomass produced the reductant that provided the magnetization reaction;A large number of cracks and pores appeared in the surface of the hematite reduction product particles,which helped to induce iron minerals to undergo effective mineral phase transformation.The above study provides ideas for the phase transformation and efficient recovery of iron minerals in red mud.展开更多
As the performance of the box-type multiple launch rocket system(BMLRS)improves,its mechanical structures,particularly the plane clearance design between the slider on the rocket and the guide inside the launch canist...As the performance of the box-type multiple launch rocket system(BMLRS)improves,its mechanical structures,particularly the plane clearance design between the slider on the rocket and the guide inside the launch canister,have grown increasingly complex.However,deficiencies still exist in the current launch modeling theory for BMLRS.In this study,a multi-rigid-flexible-body launch dynamics model coupling the launch platform and rocket was established using the multibody system transfer matrix method and the Newton-Euler formulation.Furthermore,considering the bending of the launch canister,a detection algorithm for slider-guide plane clearance contact was proposed.To quantify the contact force and friction effect between the slider and guide,the contact force model and modified Coulomb model were introduced.Both the modal and launch tests were conducted.Additionally,the modal convergence was verified.By comparing the modal experiments and simulation results,the maximum relative error of the eigenfrequency is 3.29%.thereby verifying the accuracy of the developed BMLRS dynamics model.Furthermore,the launch test validated the proposed plane clearance contact model.Moreover,the study investigated the influence of various model parameters on the dynamic characteristics of BMLRS,including launch canister bending stiffness,slider and guide material,slider-guide clearance,slider length and layout.This analysis of influencing factors provides a foundation for future optimization in BMLRS design.展开更多
An algorithm to track multiple sharply maneuvering targets without prior knowledge about new target birth is proposed. These targets are capable of achieving sharp maneuvers within a short period of time, such as dron...An algorithm to track multiple sharply maneuvering targets without prior knowledge about new target birth is proposed. These targets are capable of achieving sharp maneuvers within a short period of time, such as drones and agile missiles.The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter, which propagates only the first-order statistical moment of the full target posterior, has been shown to be a computationally efficient solution to multitarget tracking problems. However, the standard PHD filter operates on the single dynamic model and requires prior information about target birth distribution, which leads to many limitations in terms of practical applications. In this paper,we introduce a nonzero mean, white noise turn rate dynamic model and generalize jump Markov systems to multitarget case to accommodate sharply maneuvering dynamics. Moreover, to adaptively estimate newborn targets’information, a measurement-driven method based on the recursive random sampling consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significant improvement in tracking multiple sharply maneuvering targets with adaptive birth estimation.展开更多
Objective:Active and passive smoking are common environmental risk factors,but there is no definite conclusion about their effects on relapse and disability progression in multiple sclerosis(MS)and neuromyelitis optic...Objective:Active and passive smoking are common environmental risk factors,but there is no definite conclusion about their effects on relapse and disability progression in multiple sclerosis(MS)and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD).Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study.Patients were included from four centers.Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the clinical database,while data involving environmental exposures during daily life,relapse,and disability progression were obtained through telephone follow-up interviews.Determinants of relapse were assessed by Cox proportional models,and disability progression was assessed by linear regression.Kaplan‒Meier survival was used to estimate relapse within five years after the first attack.Results:A total of 130 MS patients and 318 NMOSD patients were included in this study,and females accounted for 60%and 79.6%,respectively.MS patients with an active smoking history had a higher risk of relapse,for which the association became borderline significant after accounting for covariates(aHR=1.52,95%CI=1.00,2.31;p=0.052).The relapse risk between ever-smokers who smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day and smokers who smoked less than 10 cigarettes per day was not significantly different(aHR=0.96,95%CI=0.63,1.47;p=0.859).However,exposure to passive smoking was associated with a reduced risk of MS relapse(aHR=0.75,95%CI=0.56,1.00;p=0.044)compared with never-exposed patients.No associations were observed between active smoking/passive smoking and the risk of NMOSD relapse,but patients with a history of smoking were associated with a lower annual progression rate by Expanded Disability Status Scale(EDSS)(aβ=−0.20,95%CI=−0.38,−0.01;p=0.036)and Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score(MSSS)(aβ=−0.23,95%CI=−0.44,−0.03;p=0.028).Conclusion:Our research shows that active smoking increases the relapse risk of MS and has a negative impact on disability progression;thus,smoking cessation should be encouraged.展开更多
This paper realizes the full-domain collaborative deployment of multiple interference sources of the global satellite navigation system(GNSS)and evaluates the deployment effect to enhance the ability to disturb the at...This paper realizes the full-domain collaborative deployment of multiple interference sources of the global satellite navigation system(GNSS)and evaluates the deployment effect to enhance the ability to disturb the attacker and the capability to defend the GNSS during navigation countermeasures.Key evaluation indicators for the jamming effect of GNSS suppressive and deceptive jamming sources are first created,their evaluation models are built,and their detection procedures are sorted out,as the basis for determining the deployment principles.The principles for collaboratively deploying multi-jamming sources are developed to obtain the deployment structures(including the required number,structures in demand,and corresponding positions)of three single interference sources required by collaboratively deploying.Accordingly,simulation and hardware-in-loop testing results are presented to determine a rational configuration of the collaborative deployment of multi-jamming sources in the set situation and further realize the full-domain deployment of an interference network from ground,air to space.Varied evaluation indices for the deployment effect are finally developed to evaluate the deployment effect of the proposed configuration and further verify its reliability and rationality.展开更多
How to effectively evaluate the firing precision of weapon equipment at low cost is one of the core contents of improving the test level of weapon system.A new method to evaluate the firing precision of the MLRS consi...How to effectively evaluate the firing precision of weapon equipment at low cost is one of the core contents of improving the test level of weapon system.A new method to evaluate the firing precision of the MLRS considering the credibility of simulation system based on Bayesian theory is proposed in this paper.First of all,a comprehensive index system for the credibility of the simulation system of the firing precision of the MLRS is constructed combined with the group analytic hierarchy process.A modified method for determining the comprehensive weight of the index is established to improve the rationality of the index weight coefficients.The Bayesian posterior estimation formula of firing precision considering prior information is derived in the form of mixed prior distribution,and the rationality of prior information used in estimation model is discussed quantitatively.With the simulation tests,the different evaluation methods are compared to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Finally,the experimental results show that the effectiveness of estimation method for firing precision is improved by more than 25%.展开更多
The orchards usually have rough terrain,dense tree canopy and weeds.It is hard to use GNSS for autonomous navigation in orchard due to signal occlusion,multipath effect,and radio frequency interference.To achieve auto...The orchards usually have rough terrain,dense tree canopy and weeds.It is hard to use GNSS for autonomous navigation in orchard due to signal occlusion,multipath effect,and radio frequency interference.To achieve autonomous navigation in orchard,a visual navigation method based on multiple images at different shooting angles is proposed in this paper.A dynamic image capturing device is designed for camera installation and multiple images can be shot at different angles.Firstly,the obtained orchard images are classified into sky and soil detection stage.Each image is transformed to HSV space and initially segmented into sky,canopy and soil regions by median filtering and morphological processing.Secondly,the sky and soil regions are extracted by the maximum connected region algorithm,and the region edges are detected and filtered by the Canny operator.Thirdly,the navigation line in the current frame is extracted by fitting the region coordinate points.Then the dynamic weighted filtering algorithm is used to extract the navigation line for the soil and sky detection stage,respectively,and the navigation line for the sky detection stage is mirrored to the soil region.Finally,the Kalman filter algorithm is used to fuse and extract the final navigation path.The test results on 200 images show that the accuracy of visual navigation path fitting is 95.5%,and single frame image processing costs 60 ms,which meets the real-time and robustness requirements of navigation.The visual navigation experiments in Camellia oleifera orchard show that when the driving speed is 0.6 m/s,the maximum tracking offset of visual navigation in weed-free and weedy environments is 0.14 m and 0.24 m,respectively,and the RMSE is 30 mm and 55 mm,respectively.展开更多
The problem of channel estimation for multiple an- tenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems subject to unknown carrier frequency offset （CFO） is addressed. Multiple signal classification （M...The problem of channel estimation for multiple an- tenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems subject to unknown carrier frequency offset （CFO） is addressed. Multiple signal classification （MUSIC）-Iike algorithm, which generally has been used for direction estimation or frequency estimation, is used for channel estimation in multiple antenna OFDM systems. A reduced dimensional （RD）-MUSIC based algorithm for channel estimation is proposed in multiple antenna OFDM systems with unknown CFO. The Cramer-Rao bound （CRB） of channel estimation in multiple antenna OFDM systems with unknown CFO is derived. The proposed algorithm has a superior performance of channel estimation compared with the Capon method and the least squares method.展开更多
This paper analyzes the effect of waveform parame- ters on the joint target location and velocity estimation by a non- coherent multiple input multiple output （MIMO） radar transmitting multiple subcarriers signals. ...This paper analyzes the effect of waveform parame- ters on the joint target location and velocity estimation by a non- coherent multiple input multiple output （MIMO） radar transmitting multiple subcarriers signals. How the number of subcarriers in- fluences the estimation accuracy is illustrated by considering the joint Cramer-Rao bound and the mean square error of the maxi- mum likelihood estimate. The non-coherent MIMO radar ambiguity function with multiple subcarriers is developed and investigated by changing the number of subcarriers, the pulse width and the frequency spacing between adjacent subcarriers. The numerical results show that more subcarriers mean more accurate estimates, higher localization resolution, and larger pulse width results in a worse performance of target location estimation, while the fre- quency spacing affects target location estimation little.展开更多
Aimed at a multiple traveling salesman problem(MTSP)with multiple depots and closed paths,this paper proposes a k-means clustering donkey and a smuggler algorithm(KDSA).The algorithm first uses the k-means clustering ...Aimed at a multiple traveling salesman problem(MTSP)with multiple depots and closed paths,this paper proposes a k-means clustering donkey and a smuggler algorithm(KDSA).The algorithm first uses the k-means clustering method to divide all cities into several categories based on the center of various samples;the large-scale MTSP is divided into multiple separate traveling salesman problems(TSPs),and the TSP is solved through the DSA.The proposed algorithm adopts a solution strategy of clustering first and then carrying out,which can not only greatly reduce the search space of the algorithm but also make the search space more fully explored so that the optimal solution of the problem can be more quickly obtained.The experimental results from solving several test cases in the TSPLIB database show that compared with other related intelligent algorithms,the K-DSA has good solving performance and computational efficiency in MTSPs of different scales,especially with large-scale MTSP and when the convergence speed is faster;thus,the advantages of this algorithm are more obvious compared to other algorithms.展开更多
To accurately assess the performance of cooperative multiple packet reception （MPR） based on network-assisted diversity multiple access （NDMA）, non-ideal collision detection is introduced in ALLIANCES （ALLow impr...To accurately assess the performance of cooperative multiple packet reception （MPR） based on network-assisted diversity multiple access （NDMA）, non-ideal collision detection is introduced in ALLIANCES （ALLow improved access in the network via cooperation and energy savings）. To provide a unified anatysis frame- work, the length of cooperative transmission epoch is fixed to the detected collision order. The mathematical analysis of potential throughput （PTP） and potential packet loss rate （PPLR） are given under a pessimistic assumption and an optimistic assumption. According to the analysis of PTP and PPLR, threshold selection is done to optimize system performances, e.g. the optimal threshold should guarantee PTP to be maximum or guarantee PPLR to be minimum. In simulations, the thresholds are selected according to PTP under the pessimistic assumption. Simulation results show that the proposed cooperative MPR scheme can achieve higher throughput than NDMA and slotted ALOHA schemes.展开更多
Capcity both in uplink and downlink of TD-SCDMA (time division-synchronous code division multiple access) system is studied in a multi-cell environment. The theoretical expressions of the mean of intercell interferenc...Capcity both in uplink and downlink of TD-SCDMA (time division-synchronous code division multiple access) system is studied in a multi-cell environment. The theoretical expressions of the mean of intercell interference in uplink and the mean of sum of power allocation in downlink are given, by which uplink and downlink capacity is analyzed. Furthermore, we give the simulation models for both uplink and downlink capacity. The results from theoretical analysis and simulation fit very well. In the end, the maximum number of users that TD-SCDMA system can serve for 12.2 k speech service is given.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To find a promising candidate for anti-Alzheimer disease(AD)with multiple targets in multiple pathways.METHODS A series of classifiers were constructed for predicting the active compounds against 51 key targ...OBJECTIVE To find a promising candidate for anti-Alzheimer disease(AD)with multiple targets in multiple pathways.METHODS A series of classifiers were constructed for predicting the active compounds against 51 key targets toward Alzheimer disease(AD)using the multitargetquantitative structure-activity relationships(mt-QSAR)method.While drug screening assays were established to evaluate the predicted active molecules.In addition,various cellular models and animal models related with AD were set up to further study the effects of the active compounds.RESULTS A system for the discovery of Multitarget-Directed Ligands against AD was set up and applied,the predicted active compounds were validated by the drug screening assays,and several active compounds with multiple targets were discovered.Among them,DL0410 exerted high activity on H3R,α7n ACh R,ACh E and ERα,also displayed the most significant effect in improving the ability of memory and learning in several AD animal models.The study on its action mechanisms showed that it′s effect may partially through increasing neurotransmitter,inhibiting oxidative emergency,inhibiting the expression of APP,and promoting long-term potentiation.Besides,DL0410 is of more safety than the first-line clinical medicines.CONCLUSION DL0410 is a promising candidate for further development for AD treatment.展开更多
After a reivew of basic concepts in multiple criteria optimization, the paper presents a characterization of noncooperative equilibria in multiple criteria games in normal form either by weighted sums or by. order-con...After a reivew of basic concepts in multiple criteria optimization, the paper presents a characterization of noncooperative equilibria in multiple criteria games in normal form either by weighted sums or by. order-consistent achievement scalarizing functions, for convex and nonconvex cases. Possible applications of multiple criteria games and such characterizations of their equilibria are indicated. The analysis of multiple criteria games might be especially useful when studying reasons of possible conflict escalation processes and ways of preventing them.展开更多
Game theory can be applied to the air combat decision-making problem of multiple unmanned combat air vehicles(UCAVs).However,it is difficult to have satisfactory decision-making results completely relying on air comba...Game theory can be applied to the air combat decision-making problem of multiple unmanned combat air vehicles(UCAVs).However,it is difficult to have satisfactory decision-making results completely relying on air combat situation information,because there is a lot of time-sensitive information in a complex air combat environment.In this paper,a constraint strategy game approach is developed to generate intelligent decision-making for multiple UCAVs in complex air combat environment with air combat situation information and time-sensitive information.Initially,a constraint strategy game is employed to model attack-defense decision-making problem in complex air combat environment.Then,an algorithm is proposed for solving the constraint strategy game based on linear programming and linear inequality(CSG-LL).Finally,an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
Influence of multiple structural parameters on the performance of a gun launch system driven by highpressure reactive gases is important for structural design and performance adjustment.A coupled lumped parameter mode...Influence of multiple structural parameters on the performance of a gun launch system driven by highpressure reactive gases is important for structural design and performance adjustment.A coupled lumped parameter model was utilized to predict the propellant combustion,and a dynamic finite element method was applied to approximate the mechanical interactions between the projectile and the barrel.The combustion and the mechanical interactions were coupled through a user subroutine interface in ABAQUS.The correctness and the capability of the finite element approximations in capturing small structural changes were validated by comparing predicted resistance with experiments.Based on the coupled model,the influence of structural parameters of a medium-caliber gun on the system performance was investigated.In order to reduce the research costs,orthogonal tests were designed to investigate the comprehensive effects of the parameters.According to statistical analysis,the important order of the structural parameters on the launching process was obtained.The results indicate that the influence of the width of the rotating band stands out among the studied parameters in the gun.The work provides a method to investigate the influence of multiple parameters on system performance and gives guidance for controlling the system performance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation,China(81870166).
文摘Objective:Multiple myeloma(MM)is a hematologically malignant clonal plasma cell disease.This study aims to explore the association between immunophenotypes and prognosis in patients with MM,to determine whether the expression of CD45 and CD200 is related to the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM(NDMM)patients,and to evaluate the significance of the combined expression of CD45 and CD200 in NDMM.Methods:A total of 123 NDMM patients admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from July 2015 to August 2019 were enrolled.Five key immunophenotypic markers(including CD38,CD138,CD45,CD56,and CD200)were screened through flow cytometry and identified using random forest analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis.Patients were divided into 3 groups:Group A,CD45 and CD200 double-positive;Group B,CD45 or CD200 single-positive;Group C,CD45 and CD200 double-negative.Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)across groups.Multivariate Cox regression was performed to evaluate prognostic factors,and a nomogram was constructed based on these results.Results:The OS and PFS of single-positive groups for CD38,CD138,CD45,CD56,and CD200 were all shorter than those of their respective single-negative groups(all P<0.05).Significant differences were observed in OS(P<0.001)and PFS(P=0.001)among Groups A,B,and C.Group A had shorter OS and PFS(all P=0.001)compared to the Group B+C(cases from Group B and Group C were combined).CD45 and CD200 double-positive was an independent prognostic factor for NDMM[hazard ratio(HR)=2.178,95%confidence interval(CI)1.048 to 4.529;P=0.037].The nomogram and calibration curves constructed from multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated good concordance(concordance index=0.706;95%CI 0.661 to 0.751).Conclusion:NDMM patients with double-positive expression of CD45 and CD200 have significantly shorter OS and PFS.Compared with the use of either marker alone,the combined assessment of CD45 and CD200 may provide better prognostic stratification for MM patients.
文摘The charge carrier transport and recombination dynamics in the quantum dots-based light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)featuring multiple emitting layers(M-EMLs)has a great impact on the device performance.In this work,QLEDs based on M-EMLs separated by polyethyleneimine ethoxylated(PEIE)layer with different stacking sequences of blue(B),green(G),and red(R)QDs layer were used to intuitively explore the injection,transportation and recombination processes of the charge carriers in QLEDs by using the time-resolved electroluminescence(TrEL)spectra.From the TrEL spectra mea-surements,green and red emissions were obtained first in the QLEDs with the EMLs sequences of G/PEIE/B/PEIE/R and B/PEIE/R/PEIE/G along the direction of light emission,respectively.While the QLEDs adopt EMLs sequences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,the blue,green and red emissions were obtained nearly at the same time.The above phenomenon can be attributed to different charge carrier transmission and radiation recombination process in the EMLs due to different valence band offsets and conduction band offsets between R-,G-and B-QDs by using different sequences of EMLs.White emission with coordi-nates of(0.31,0.31)and correlated color temperature(CCT)of 5916 K was obtained in the QLEDs with the EMLs se-quences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,which can be attributed to the relative uniform emission of B-,G-and R-QDs due to the effec-tive injection and radiation recombination of charge carriers in each of the EMLs.The above results have great significance for further understanding and improving the performance of QLEDs with M-EMLs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62303348 and 62173242)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2024M071048002)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.62225308)to provide fund for conducting experiments.
文摘Multiple quadrotors target encirclement is widely used in the intelligent field,as it can effectively monitor and control target behavior.However,it faces the danger of collision,as well as difficulties in localization and tracking.Therefore,we propose a complete target encirclement method.Firstly,based on Hooke's law,a collision avoidance controller is designed to maintain a safe flying distance among quadrotors.Then,based on the consensus theory,a formation tracking controller is designed to meet the requirements of formation transformation and encirclement tasks,and a stability proof based on Lyapunov was provided.Besides,the target detection is designed based on YOLOv5s,and the target location model is constructed based on the principle of pinhole projection and triangle similarity.Finally,we conducted experiments on the built platform,with 3 reconnaissance quadrotors detecting and localization 3 target vehicles and 7 hunter quadrotors tracking them.The results show that the minimum average error for localization targets with reconnaissance quadrotors can reach 0.1354 m,while the minimum average error for tracking with hunter quadrotors is only 0.2960 m.No quadrotors collision occurred in the whole formation transformation and tracking experiment.In addition,compared with the advanced methods,the proposed method has better performance.
基金Project(MMCS2023OF02)supported by the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures,ChinaProject(AA23073018)supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology,ChinaProject(2024M751861)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation。
文摘Red mud is a solid waste discharged in the process of alumina production,and how to realize the efficient recovery of its iron is an urgent problem to be solved.In this study,the iron extraction test and mechanism study of high iron red mud were carried out under the coupling conditions of multiple physical field(microwave field,gas-solid flow field and temperature field)with biomass as the reducing agent.The test results showed that under the optimal conditions,an iron concentrate with a yield of 78.4%,an iron grade of 59.23%,and a recovery rate of 86.65%was obtained.The analyses of XRD,XPS,TEM,and SEM-EDS showed that during the roasting process,the hematite in the high-iron red mud was completely converted to magnetite,and the biomass produced the reductant that provided the magnetization reaction;A large number of cracks and pores appeared in the surface of the hematite reduction product particles,which helped to induce iron minerals to undergo effective mineral phase transformation.The above study provides ideas for the phase transformation and efficient recovery of iron minerals in red mud.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92266201).
文摘As the performance of the box-type multiple launch rocket system(BMLRS)improves,its mechanical structures,particularly the plane clearance design between the slider on the rocket and the guide inside the launch canister,have grown increasingly complex.However,deficiencies still exist in the current launch modeling theory for BMLRS.In this study,a multi-rigid-flexible-body launch dynamics model coupling the launch platform and rocket was established using the multibody system transfer matrix method and the Newton-Euler formulation.Furthermore,considering the bending of the launch canister,a detection algorithm for slider-guide plane clearance contact was proposed.To quantify the contact force and friction effect between the slider and guide,the contact force model and modified Coulomb model were introduced.Both the modal and launch tests were conducted.Additionally,the modal convergence was verified.By comparing the modal experiments and simulation results,the maximum relative error of the eigenfrequency is 3.29%.thereby verifying the accuracy of the developed BMLRS dynamics model.Furthermore,the launch test validated the proposed plane clearance contact model.Moreover,the study investigated the influence of various model parameters on the dynamic characteristics of BMLRS,including launch canister bending stiffness,slider and guide material,slider-guide clearance,slider length and layout.This analysis of influencing factors provides a foundation for future optimization in BMLRS design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61773142)。
文摘An algorithm to track multiple sharply maneuvering targets without prior knowledge about new target birth is proposed. These targets are capable of achieving sharp maneuvers within a short period of time, such as drones and agile missiles.The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter, which propagates only the first-order statistical moment of the full target posterior, has been shown to be a computationally efficient solution to multitarget tracking problems. However, the standard PHD filter operates on the single dynamic model and requires prior information about target birth distribution, which leads to many limitations in terms of practical applications. In this paper,we introduce a nonzero mean, white noise turn rate dynamic model and generalize jump Markov systems to multitarget case to accommodate sharply maneuvering dynamics. Moreover, to adaptively estimate newborn targets’information, a measurement-driven method based on the recursive random sampling consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significant improvement in tracking multiple sharply maneuvering targets with adaptive birth estimation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A20357)Program for Innovative Research Team of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC。
文摘Objective:Active and passive smoking are common environmental risk factors,but there is no definite conclusion about their effects on relapse and disability progression in multiple sclerosis(MS)and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD).Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study.Patients were included from four centers.Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the clinical database,while data involving environmental exposures during daily life,relapse,and disability progression were obtained through telephone follow-up interviews.Determinants of relapse were assessed by Cox proportional models,and disability progression was assessed by linear regression.Kaplan‒Meier survival was used to estimate relapse within five years after the first attack.Results:A total of 130 MS patients and 318 NMOSD patients were included in this study,and females accounted for 60%and 79.6%,respectively.MS patients with an active smoking history had a higher risk of relapse,for which the association became borderline significant after accounting for covariates(aHR=1.52,95%CI=1.00,2.31;p=0.052).The relapse risk between ever-smokers who smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day and smokers who smoked less than 10 cigarettes per day was not significantly different(aHR=0.96,95%CI=0.63,1.47;p=0.859).However,exposure to passive smoking was associated with a reduced risk of MS relapse(aHR=0.75,95%CI=0.56,1.00;p=0.044)compared with never-exposed patients.No associations were observed between active smoking/passive smoking and the risk of NMOSD relapse,but patients with a history of smoking were associated with a lower annual progression rate by Expanded Disability Status Scale(EDSS)(aβ=−0.20,95%CI=−0.38,−0.01;p=0.036)and Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score(MSSS)(aβ=−0.23,95%CI=−0.44,−0.03;p=0.028).Conclusion:Our research shows that active smoking increases the relapse risk of MS and has a negative impact on disability progression;thus,smoking cessation should be encouraged.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42174047 and No.42174036)the National Science Foundation Project for Outstanding Youth(No.42104034).
文摘This paper realizes the full-domain collaborative deployment of multiple interference sources of the global satellite navigation system(GNSS)and evaluates the deployment effect to enhance the ability to disturb the attacker and the capability to defend the GNSS during navigation countermeasures.Key evaluation indicators for the jamming effect of GNSS suppressive and deceptive jamming sources are first created,their evaluation models are built,and their detection procedures are sorted out,as the basis for determining the deployment principles.The principles for collaboratively deploying multi-jamming sources are developed to obtain the deployment structures(including the required number,structures in demand,and corresponding positions)of three single interference sources required by collaboratively deploying.Accordingly,simulation and hardware-in-loop testing results are presented to determine a rational configuration of the collaborative deployment of multi-jamming sources in the set situation and further realize the full-domain deployment of an interference network from ground,air to space.Varied evaluation indices for the deployment effect are finally developed to evaluate the deployment effect of the proposed configuration and further verify its reliability and rationality.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11972193 and 92266201)。
文摘How to effectively evaluate the firing precision of weapon equipment at low cost is one of the core contents of improving the test level of weapon system.A new method to evaluate the firing precision of the MLRS considering the credibility of simulation system based on Bayesian theory is proposed in this paper.First of all,a comprehensive index system for the credibility of the simulation system of the firing precision of the MLRS is constructed combined with the group analytic hierarchy process.A modified method for determining the comprehensive weight of the index is established to improve the rationality of the index weight coefficients.The Bayesian posterior estimation formula of firing precision considering prior information is derived in the form of mixed prior distribution,and the rationality of prior information used in estimation model is discussed quantitatively.With the simulation tests,the different evaluation methods are compared to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Finally,the experimental results show that the effectiveness of estimation method for firing precision is improved by more than 25%.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2202103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971798)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Key Research&Development Plan(2023C02049、2023C02053)SNJF Science and Technology Collaborative Program of Zhejiang Province(2022SNJF017)Hangzhou Agricultural and Social Development Research Project(202203A03)。
文摘The orchards usually have rough terrain,dense tree canopy and weeds.It is hard to use GNSS for autonomous navigation in orchard due to signal occlusion,multipath effect,and radio frequency interference.To achieve autonomous navigation in orchard,a visual navigation method based on multiple images at different shooting angles is proposed in this paper.A dynamic image capturing device is designed for camera installation and multiple images can be shot at different angles.Firstly,the obtained orchard images are classified into sky and soil detection stage.Each image is transformed to HSV space and initially segmented into sky,canopy and soil regions by median filtering and morphological processing.Secondly,the sky and soil regions are extracted by the maximum connected region algorithm,and the region edges are detected and filtered by the Canny operator.Thirdly,the navigation line in the current frame is extracted by fitting the region coordinate points.Then the dynamic weighted filtering algorithm is used to extract the navigation line for the soil and sky detection stage,respectively,and the navigation line for the sky detection stage is mirrored to the soil region.Finally,the Kalman filter algorithm is used to fuse and extract the final navigation path.The test results on 200 images show that the accuracy of visual navigation path fitting is 95.5%,and single frame image processing costs 60 ms,which meets the real-time and robustness requirements of navigation.The visual navigation experiments in Camellia oleifera orchard show that when the driving speed is 0.6 m/s,the maximum tracking offset of visual navigation in weed-free and weedy environments is 0.14 m and 0.24 m,respectively,and the RMSE is 30 mm and 55 mm,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6137116961301108+1 种基金61071164)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NS2013024)
文摘The problem of channel estimation for multiple an- tenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems subject to unknown carrier frequency offset （CFO） is addressed. Multiple signal classification （MUSIC）-Iike algorithm, which generally has been used for direction estimation or frequency estimation, is used for channel estimation in multiple antenna OFDM systems. A reduced dimensional （RD）-MUSIC based algorithm for channel estimation is proposed in multiple antenna OFDM systems with unknown CFO. The Cramer-Rao bound （CRB） of channel estimation in multiple antenna OFDM systems with unknown CFO is derived. The proposed algorithm has a superior performance of channel estimation compared with the Capon method and the least squares method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60972152 61001153)the Aeronautics Science Foundation of China (2009ZC53031)
文摘This paper analyzes the effect of waveform parame- ters on the joint target location and velocity estimation by a non- coherent multiple input multiple output （MIMO） radar transmitting multiple subcarriers signals. How the number of subcarriers in- fluences the estimation accuracy is illustrated by considering the joint Cramer-Rao bound and the mean square error of the maxi- mum likelihood estimate. The non-coherent MIMO radar ambiguity function with multiple subcarriers is developed and investigated by changing the number of subcarriers, the pulse width and the frequency spacing between adjacent subcarriers. The numerical results show that more subcarriers mean more accurate estimates, higher localization resolution, and larger pulse width results in a worse performance of target location estimation, while the fre- quency spacing affects target location estimation little.
基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2021JQ-368).
文摘Aimed at a multiple traveling salesman problem(MTSP)with multiple depots and closed paths,this paper proposes a k-means clustering donkey and a smuggler algorithm(KDSA).The algorithm first uses the k-means clustering method to divide all cities into several categories based on the center of various samples;the large-scale MTSP is divided into multiple separate traveling salesman problems(TSPs),and the TSP is solved through the DSA.The proposed algorithm adopts a solution strategy of clustering first and then carrying out,which can not only greatly reduce the search space of the algorithm but also make the search space more fully explored so that the optimal solution of the problem can be more quickly obtained.The experimental results from solving several test cases in the TSPLIB database show that compared with other related intelligent algorithms,the K-DSA has good solving performance and computational efficiency in MTSPs of different scales,especially with large-scale MTSP and when the convergence speed is faster;thus,the advantages of this algorithm are more obvious compared to other algorithms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60972039)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(2009AA01Z241)+2 种基金the Key Grant and Basic Research Programs of Natural Science Fund for Higher Education of Jiangsu Province(06KJA51001)the Project Key Grant Research Programs of Natural Science Fund of Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province(BK2007729)the Natural Science Fund for Higher Education of Jiangsu Province(09KJB510012).
文摘To accurately assess the performance of cooperative multiple packet reception （MPR） based on network-assisted diversity multiple access （NDMA）, non-ideal collision detection is introduced in ALLIANCES （ALLow improved access in the network via cooperation and energy savings）. To provide a unified anatysis frame- work, the length of cooperative transmission epoch is fixed to the detected collision order. The mathematical analysis of potential throughput （PTP） and potential packet loss rate （PPLR） are given under a pessimistic assumption and an optimistic assumption. According to the analysis of PTP and PPLR, threshold selection is done to optimize system performances, e.g. the optimal threshold should guarantee PTP to be maximum or guarantee PPLR to be minimum. In simulations, the thresholds are selected according to PTP under the pessimistic assumption. Simulation results show that the proposed cooperative MPR scheme can achieve higher throughput than NDMA and slotted ALOHA schemes.
文摘Capcity both in uplink and downlink of TD-SCDMA (time division-synchronous code division multiple access) system is studied in a multi-cell environment. The theoretical expressions of the mean of intercell interference in uplink and the mean of sum of power allocation in downlink are given, by which uplink and downlink capacity is analyzed. Furthermore, we give the simulation models for both uplink and downlink capacity. The results from theoretical analysis and simulation fit very well. In the end, the maximum number of users that TD-SCDMA system can serve for 12.2 k speech service is given.
基金supported by National Great Science and Technology Projects(2014ZX09507003-002,2013ZX09402203 and 2013ZX09508104001002)CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine(CAMS-I2M)(2016-I2M-3-007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81673480)
文摘OBJECTIVE To find a promising candidate for anti-Alzheimer disease(AD)with multiple targets in multiple pathways.METHODS A series of classifiers were constructed for predicting the active compounds against 51 key targets toward Alzheimer disease(AD)using the multitargetquantitative structure-activity relationships(mt-QSAR)method.While drug screening assays were established to evaluate the predicted active molecules.In addition,various cellular models and animal models related with AD were set up to further study the effects of the active compounds.RESULTS A system for the discovery of Multitarget-Directed Ligands against AD was set up and applied,the predicted active compounds were validated by the drug screening assays,and several active compounds with multiple targets were discovered.Among them,DL0410 exerted high activity on H3R,α7n ACh R,ACh E and ERα,also displayed the most significant effect in improving the ability of memory and learning in several AD animal models.The study on its action mechanisms showed that it′s effect may partially through increasing neurotransmitter,inhibiting oxidative emergency,inhibiting the expression of APP,and promoting long-term potentiation.Besides,DL0410 is of more safety than the first-line clinical medicines.CONCLUSION DL0410 is a promising candidate for further development for AD treatment.
文摘After a reivew of basic concepts in multiple criteria optimization, the paper presents a characterization of noncooperative equilibria in multiple criteria games in normal form either by weighted sums or by. order-consistent achievement scalarizing functions, for convex and nonconvex cases. Possible applications of multiple criteria games and such characterizations of their equilibria are indicated. The analysis of multiple criteria games might be especially useful when studying reasons of possible conflict escalation processes and ways of preventing them.
基金supported by Major Projects for Science and Technology Innovation 2030(Grant No.2018AA0100800)Equipment Pre-research Foundation of Laboratory(Grant No.61425040104)in part by Jiangsu Province“333”project under Grant BRA2019051.
文摘Game theory can be applied to the air combat decision-making problem of multiple unmanned combat air vehicles(UCAVs).However,it is difficult to have satisfactory decision-making results completely relying on air combat situation information,because there is a lot of time-sensitive information in a complex air combat environment.In this paper,a constraint strategy game approach is developed to generate intelligent decision-making for multiple UCAVs in complex air combat environment with air combat situation information and time-sensitive information.Initially,a constraint strategy game is employed to model attack-defense decision-making problem in complex air combat environment.Then,an algorithm is proposed for solving the constraint strategy game based on linear programming and linear inequality(CSG-LL).Finally,an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
基金the financial support from the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYLX_0399)
文摘Influence of multiple structural parameters on the performance of a gun launch system driven by highpressure reactive gases is important for structural design and performance adjustment.A coupled lumped parameter model was utilized to predict the propellant combustion,and a dynamic finite element method was applied to approximate the mechanical interactions between the projectile and the barrel.The combustion and the mechanical interactions were coupled through a user subroutine interface in ABAQUS.The correctness and the capability of the finite element approximations in capturing small structural changes were validated by comparing predicted resistance with experiments.Based on the coupled model,the influence of structural parameters of a medium-caliber gun on the system performance was investigated.In order to reduce the research costs,orthogonal tests were designed to investigate the comprehensive effects of the parameters.According to statistical analysis,the important order of the structural parameters on the launching process was obtained.The results indicate that the influence of the width of the rotating band stands out among the studied parameters in the gun.The work provides a method to investigate the influence of multiple parameters on system performance and gives guidance for controlling the system performance.
