To solve the problem of risk identification and quantitative assessment for human-computer interaction(HCI)in complex avionics systems,an HCI safety analysis framework based on system-theoretical process analysis(STPA...To solve the problem of risk identification and quantitative assessment for human-computer interaction(HCI)in complex avionics systems,an HCI safety analysis framework based on system-theoretical process analysis(STPA)and cognitive reliability and error analysis method(CREAM)is proposed.STPACREAM can identify unsafe control actions and find the causal path during the interaction of avionics systems and pilot with the help of formal verification tools automatically.The common performance conditions(CPC)of avionics systems in the aviation environment is established and a quantitative analysis of human failure is carried out.Taking the head-up display(HUD)system interaction process as an example,a case analysis is carried out,the layered safety control structure and formal model of the HUD interaction process are established.For the interactive behavior“Pilots approaching with HUD”,four unsafe control actions and35 causal scenarios are identified and the impact of common performance conditions at different levels on the pilot decision model are analyzed.The results show that HUD's HCI level gradually improves as the scores of CPC increase,and the quality of crew member cooperation and time sufficiency of the task is the key to its HCI.Through case analysis,it is shown that STPACREAM can quantitatively assess the hazards in HCI and identify the key factors that impact safety.展开更多
To solve the problem of multi-platform collaborative use in anti-ship missile (ASM) path planning, this paper pro-posed multi-operator real-time constraints particle swarm opti-mization (MRC-PSO) algorithm. MRC-PSO al...To solve the problem of multi-platform collaborative use in anti-ship missile (ASM) path planning, this paper pro-posed multi-operator real-time constraints particle swarm opti-mization (MRC-PSO) algorithm. MRC-PSO algorithm utilizes a semi-rasterization environment modeling technique and inte-grates the geometric gradient law of ASMs which distinguishes itself from other collaborative path planning algorithms by fully considering the coupling between collaborative paths. Then, MRC-PSO algorithm conducts chunked stepwise recursive evo-lution of particles while incorporating circumvent, coordination, and smoothing operators which facilitates local selection opti-mization of paths, gradually reducing algorithmic space, accele-rating convergence, and enhances path cooperativity. Simula-tion experiments comparing the MRC-PSO algorithm with the PSO algorithm, genetic algorithm and operational area cluster real-time restriction (OACRR)-PSO algorithm, which demon-strate that the MRC-PSO algorithm has a faster convergence speed, and the average number of iterations is reduced by approximately 75%. It also proves that it is equally effective in resolving complex scenarios involving multiple obstacles. More-over it effectively addresses the problem of path crossing and can better satisfy the requirements of multi-platform collabora-tive path planning. The experiments are conducted in three col-laborative operation modes, namely, three-to-two, three-to-three, and four-to-two, and the outcomes demonstrate that the algorithm possesses strong universality.展开更多
Recently the integrated modular avionics （IMA） architecture which introduces the concept of resource partitioning becomes popular as an alternative to the traditional federated architecture. A novel hierarchical app...Recently the integrated modular avionics （IMA） architecture which introduces the concept of resource partitioning becomes popular as an alternative to the traditional federated architecture. A novel hierarchical approach is proposed to solve the resource allocation problem for IMA systems in distributed environments. Firstly, the worst case response time of tasks with arbitrary deadlines is analyzed for the two-level scheduler. Then, the hierarchical resource allocation approach is presented in two levels. At the platform level, a task assignment algorithm based on genetic simulated annealing （GSA） is proposed to assign a set of pre-defined tasks to different processing nodes in the form of task groups, so that resources can be allocated as partitions and mapped to task groups. While yielding to all the resource con- straints, the algorithm tries to find an optimal task assignment with minimized communication costs and balanced work load. At the node level, partition parameters are optimized, so that the computational resource can be allocated further. An example is shown to illustrate the hierarchal resource allocation approach and manifest the validity. Simulation results comparing the performance of the proposed GSA with that of traditional genetic algorithms are presented in the context of task assignment in IMA systems.展开更多
Health management permits the reliability of a system and plays a increasingly important role for achieving efficient system-level maintenance.It has been used for remaining useful life（RUL） prognostics of electroni...Health management permits the reliability of a system and plays a increasingly important role for achieving efficient system-level maintenance.It has been used for remaining useful life（RUL） prognostics of electronics-rich system including avionics.Prognostics and health management（PHM） have become highly desirable to provide avionics with system level health management.This paper presents a health management and fusion prognostic model for avionics system,combining three baseline prognostic approaches that are model-based,data-driven and knowledge-based approaches,and integrates merits as well as eliminates some limitations of each single approach to achieve fusion prognostics and improved prognostic performance of RUL estimation.A fusion model built upon an optimal linear combination forecast model is then utilized to fuse single prognostic algorithm representing the three baseline approaches correspondingly,and the presented case study shows that the fusion prognostics can provide RUL estimation more accurate and more robust than either algorithm alone.展开更多
无人机集群以其在作战效率、生存率和性价比方面的优势,逐渐成为现代作战体系中的重要作战力量。通过充分调研国外无人机集群项目研究成果,系统性介绍了国外在航电系统领域中硬件、软件和任务应用相关的开放系统架构。对上述架构进行了...无人机集群以其在作战效率、生存率和性价比方面的优势,逐渐成为现代作战体系中的重要作战力量。通过充分调研国外无人机集群项目研究成果,系统性介绍了国外在航电系统领域中硬件、软件和任务应用相关的开放系统架构。对上述架构进行了层次化梳理和交互关系分析,重点讨论了基于任务的集群可组合性架构(Mission-based Architecture for Swarm Composability,MASC)的设计思想。基于MASC设计了集群任务框架,梳理了集群任务理解-规划-执行控制流程,为进一步开展无人机集群航电系统相关技术、算法、标准设计提供参考。展开更多
针对智能航电系统在非线性耦合运行场景下产生的预期功能安全(safety of the intended functionality,SOTIF)问题,提出一种将系统理论过程分析(systematic theory process analysis,STPA)与决策试验与评价实验法(decision-making trial ...针对智能航电系统在非线性耦合运行场景下产生的预期功能安全(safety of the intended functionality,SOTIF)问题,提出一种将系统理论过程分析(systematic theory process analysis,STPA)与决策试验与评价实验法(decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL)相结合的致因分析框架。首先,在定义系统级危险的基础上构建安全控制结构,识别其不安全控制行为并提取与智能化缺陷相关的STPA致因要素。接下来,引入毕达哥拉斯模糊加权平均算子和闵可夫斯基距离对传统DEMATEL方法进行优化,专家根据控制反馈回路对致因要素进行评价并计算其中心度与原因度。最后,分析STPA致因要素与SOTIF致因属性之间的映射关系,给出关键致因要素的风险减缓措施。以单一飞行员驾驶(single-pilot operation,SPO)模式下的虚拟驾驶员助理系统为例说明了所提方法的可行性与有效性。研究结果表明,改进的STPA-DEMATEL方法可以有效识别关键致因要素,且能够克服专家评价的模糊性与不确定性,为智能航电系统的安全性设计提供了参考依据。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB1600601)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Civil Aviation Administration of China(U1933106)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Educational Committee(2019KJ134)the Natural Science Foundation of TianjinIntelligent Civil Aviation Program(21JCQNJ C00900)。
文摘To solve the problem of risk identification and quantitative assessment for human-computer interaction(HCI)in complex avionics systems,an HCI safety analysis framework based on system-theoretical process analysis(STPA)and cognitive reliability and error analysis method(CREAM)is proposed.STPACREAM can identify unsafe control actions and find the causal path during the interaction of avionics systems and pilot with the help of formal verification tools automatically.The common performance conditions(CPC)of avionics systems in the aviation environment is established and a quantitative analysis of human failure is carried out.Taking the head-up display(HUD)system interaction process as an example,a case analysis is carried out,the layered safety control structure and formal model of the HUD interaction process are established.For the interactive behavior“Pilots approaching with HUD”,four unsafe control actions and35 causal scenarios are identified and the impact of common performance conditions at different levels on the pilot decision model are analyzed.The results show that HUD's HCI level gradually improves as the scores of CPC increase,and the quality of crew member cooperation and time sufficiency of the task is the key to its HCI.Through case analysis,it is shown that STPACREAM can quantitatively assess the hazards in HCI and identify the key factors that impact safety.
基金supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2024JJ5173,2023JJ50047)Hunan Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Project(23A0494)Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(CX20231221).
文摘To solve the problem of multi-platform collaborative use in anti-ship missile (ASM) path planning, this paper pro-posed multi-operator real-time constraints particle swarm opti-mization (MRC-PSO) algorithm. MRC-PSO algorithm utilizes a semi-rasterization environment modeling technique and inte-grates the geometric gradient law of ASMs which distinguishes itself from other collaborative path planning algorithms by fully considering the coupling between collaborative paths. Then, MRC-PSO algorithm conducts chunked stepwise recursive evo-lution of particles while incorporating circumvent, coordination, and smoothing operators which facilitates local selection opti-mization of paths, gradually reducing algorithmic space, accele-rating convergence, and enhances path cooperativity. Simula-tion experiments comparing the MRC-PSO algorithm with the PSO algorithm, genetic algorithm and operational area cluster real-time restriction (OACRR)-PSO algorithm, which demon-strate that the MRC-PSO algorithm has a faster convergence speed, and the average number of iterations is reduced by approximately 75%. It also proves that it is equally effective in resolving complex scenarios involving multiple obstacles. More-over it effectively addresses the problem of path crossing and can better satisfy the requirements of multi-platform collabora-tive path planning. The experiments are conducted in three col-laborative operation modes, namely, three-to-two, three-to-three, and four-to-two, and the outcomes demonstrate that the algorithm possesses strong universality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60879024)
文摘Recently the integrated modular avionics （IMA） architecture which introduces the concept of resource partitioning becomes popular as an alternative to the traditional federated architecture. A novel hierarchical approach is proposed to solve the resource allocation problem for IMA systems in distributed environments. Firstly, the worst case response time of tasks with arbitrary deadlines is analyzed for the two-level scheduler. Then, the hierarchical resource allocation approach is presented in two levels. At the platform level, a task assignment algorithm based on genetic simulated annealing （GSA） is proposed to assign a set of pre-defined tasks to different processing nodes in the form of task groups, so that resources can be allocated as partitions and mapped to task groups. While yielding to all the resource con- straints, the algorithm tries to find an optimal task assignment with minimized communication costs and balanced work load. At the node level, partition parameters are optimized, so that the computational resource can be allocated further. An example is shown to illustrate the hierarchal resource allocation approach and manifest the validity. Simulation results comparing the performance of the proposed GSA with that of traditional genetic algorithms are presented in the context of task assignment in IMA systems.
文摘Health management permits the reliability of a system and plays a increasingly important role for achieving efficient system-level maintenance.It has been used for remaining useful life（RUL） prognostics of electronics-rich system including avionics.Prognostics and health management（PHM） have become highly desirable to provide avionics with system level health management.This paper presents a health management and fusion prognostic model for avionics system,combining three baseline prognostic approaches that are model-based,data-driven and knowledge-based approaches,and integrates merits as well as eliminates some limitations of each single approach to achieve fusion prognostics and improved prognostic performance of RUL estimation.A fusion model built upon an optimal linear combination forecast model is then utilized to fuse single prognostic algorithm representing the three baseline approaches correspondingly,and the presented case study shows that the fusion prognostics can provide RUL estimation more accurate and more robust than either algorithm alone.
文摘无人机集群以其在作战效率、生存率和性价比方面的优势,逐渐成为现代作战体系中的重要作战力量。通过充分调研国外无人机集群项目研究成果,系统性介绍了国外在航电系统领域中硬件、软件和任务应用相关的开放系统架构。对上述架构进行了层次化梳理和交互关系分析,重点讨论了基于任务的集群可组合性架构(Mission-based Architecture for Swarm Composability,MASC)的设计思想。基于MASC设计了集群任务框架,梳理了集群任务理解-规划-执行控制流程,为进一步开展无人机集群航电系统相关技术、算法、标准设计提供参考。
文摘针对智能航电系统在非线性耦合运行场景下产生的预期功能安全(safety of the intended functionality,SOTIF)问题,提出一种将系统理论过程分析(systematic theory process analysis,STPA)与决策试验与评价实验法(decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory,DEMATEL)相结合的致因分析框架。首先,在定义系统级危险的基础上构建安全控制结构,识别其不安全控制行为并提取与智能化缺陷相关的STPA致因要素。接下来,引入毕达哥拉斯模糊加权平均算子和闵可夫斯基距离对传统DEMATEL方法进行优化,专家根据控制反馈回路对致因要素进行评价并计算其中心度与原因度。最后,分析STPA致因要素与SOTIF致因属性之间的映射关系,给出关键致因要素的风险减缓措施。以单一飞行员驾驶(single-pilot operation,SPO)模式下的虚拟驾驶员助理系统为例说明了所提方法的可行性与有效性。研究结果表明,改进的STPA-DEMATEL方法可以有效识别关键致因要素,且能够克服专家评价的模糊性与不确定性,为智能航电系统的安全性设计提供了参考依据。
文摘综合化航空电子系统(Integrated Modular Avionics, IMA)是一类典型的安全关键系统,具有分布式、异构、计算资源和物理资源强耦合等特征。随着IMA系统趋于复杂化和智能化,系统的功能越来越多地采用软件来实现,如何对这类复杂软件进行建模并自动生成代码成为一个重要挑战。文中提出了一种基于AADL(Architecture Analysis and Design Language)的综合化航空电子系统代码生成方法。首先,提出HMC4ARINC653(Heterogeneous Model Container for ARINC653)属性集扩展,使其具备描述IMA软件架构、异构功能行为和非功能属性的能力;其次,提出IMA模型到C代码及ARINC653系统配置文件的映射规则,并遵守MISRA C安全编码规范,生成的代码能够在ARINC653操作系统上部署并仿真执行;最后,设计并实现了相应的原型工具,以ARINC653操作系统和工业界实际案例,验证了所提方法和工具的有效性。
