To improve the accuracy of short text matching,a short text matching method with knowledge and structure enhancement for BERT(KS-BERT)was proposed in this study.This method first introduced external knowledge to the i...To improve the accuracy of short text matching,a short text matching method with knowledge and structure enhancement for BERT(KS-BERT)was proposed in this study.This method first introduced external knowledge to the input text,and then sent the expanded text to both the context encoder BERT and the structure encoder GAT to capture the contextual relationship features and structural features of the input text.Finally,the match was determined based on the fusion result of the two features.Experiment results based on the public datasets BQ_corpus and LCQMC showed that KS-BERT outperforms advanced models such as ERNIE 2.0.This Study showed that knowledge enhancement and structure enhancement are two effective ways to improve BERT in short text matching.In BQ_corpus,ACC was improved by 0.2%and 0.3%,respectively,while in LCQMC,ACC was improved by 0.4%and 0.9%,respectively.展开更多
Motivated by the business model called“community group buying”(CGB),which has emerged in China and some countries in Southeast Asia,such as Singapore and Indonesia,we develop algorithms that could help CGB platforms...Motivated by the business model called“community group buying”(CGB),which has emerged in China and some countries in Southeast Asia,such as Singapore and Indonesia,we develop algorithms that could help CGB platforms match consumers with stage-stations(the picking up center under the CGB mode).By altering the fundamental design of the existing hierarchy algorithms,improvements are achieved.It is proven that our method has a faster running speed and greater space efficiency.Our algorithms avoid traversal and compress the time complexities of matching a consumer with a stage-station and updating the storage information to O(logM)and O(MlogG),where M is the number of stage-stations and G is that of the platform’s stock-keeping units.Simulation comparisons of our algorithms with the current methods of CGB platforms show that our approaches can effectively reduce delivery costs.An interesting observation of the simula-tions is worthy of note:Increasing G may incur higher costs since it makes inventories more dispersed and delivery prob-lems more complicated.展开更多
The rapid identification of planting patterns for major crops in a large irrigated district has vital importance for irrigation management,water fee collection,and crop yield estimation.In this study,the OTSU algorith...The rapid identification of planting patterns for major crops in a large irrigated district has vital importance for irrigation management,water fee collection,and crop yield estimation.In this study,the OTSU algorithm and Mean-Shift algorithm were employed to automatically determine threshold values for mapping two main rotated crop patterns at the pixel scale.A time series analysis was conducted to extract the spatial distribution of rice-wheat and wheat-maize rotations in the Chuanhang irrigation district from 2016 to 2020.The results demonstrate that both threshold segmentation algorithms are reliable in extracting the spatial distribution of the crops,with an overall accuracy exceeding 80%.Additionally,both Kappa coefficients surpass 0.7,indicating better performance by OTSU method.Over the period from 2016 to 2020,the area occupied by rice-wheat rotation cropping ranged from 12500 to 14400 hm 2;whereas wheat-maize rotation cropping exhibited smaller and more variable areas ranging from 19730 to 34070 hm 2.These findings highlight how remote sensing-based approaches can provide reliable support for rapidly and accurately identifying the spatial distribution of main crop rotation patterns within a large irrigation district.展开更多
In challenging situations,such as low illumination,rain,and background clutter,the stability of the thermal infrared(TIR)spectrum can help red,green,blue(RGB)visible spectrum to improve tracking performance.However,th...In challenging situations,such as low illumination,rain,and background clutter,the stability of the thermal infrared(TIR)spectrum can help red,green,blue(RGB)visible spectrum to improve tracking performance.However,the high-level image information and the modality-specific features have not been sufficiently studied.The proposed correlation filter uses the fused saliency content map to improve filter training and extracts different features of modalities.The fused content map is intro-duced into the spatial regularization term of correlation filter to highlight the training samples in the content region.Furthermore,the fused content map can avoid the incompleteness of the con-tent region caused by challenging situations.Additionally,differ-ent features are extracted according to the modality characteris-tics and are fused by the designed response-level fusion stra-tegy.The alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)algorithm is used to solve the tracker training efficiently.Experi-ments on the large-scale benchmark datasets show the effec-tiveness of the proposed tracker compared to the state-of-the-art traditional trackers and the deep learning based trackers.展开更多
A hierarchical particle filter（HPF） framework based on multi-feature fusion is proposed.The proposed HPF effectively uses different feature information to avoid the tracking failure based on the single feature in a ...A hierarchical particle filter（HPF） framework based on multi-feature fusion is proposed.The proposed HPF effectively uses different feature information to avoid the tracking failure based on the single feature in a complicated environment.In this approach,the Harris algorithm is introduced to detect the corner points of the object,and the corner matching algorithm based on singular value decomposition is used to compute the firstorder weights and make particles centralize in the high likelihood area.Then the local binary pattern（LBP） operator is used to build the observation model of the target based on the color and texture features,by which the second-order weights of particles and the accurate location of the target can be obtained.Moreover,a backstepping controller is proposed to complete the whole tracking system.Simulations and experiments are carried out,and the results show that the HPF algorithm with the backstepping controller achieves stable and accurate tracking with good robustness in complex environments.展开更多
The mechanism of zirconium poisoning on the grain-refining efficiency of an Al-Ti-B based grain refiner was studied. The experiment was conducted by melting Al-5Ti-1B and Al-3Zr master alloys together. The edge-to-edg...The mechanism of zirconium poisoning on the grain-refining efficiency of an Al-Ti-B based grain refiner was studied. The experiment was conducted by melting Al-5Ti-1B and Al-3Zr master alloys together. The edge-to-edge matching model was used to investigate and compare the orientation relationships between the binary intermetallic compounds present in the Al-Ti-B-Zr system. The results show that the poisoning effect probably results from the combination of Al3 Zr with Al3 Ti and the decreased amount of Ti solute, for Al3 Ti particles have good crystallographic relationships with Al3 Zr. Totally six orientation relationships may present between them, while they play vital roles in grain refinement. TiB2 particles appear to remain unchanged because of a bit large misfit. Only one orientation relationship may present between them to prevent Al3 Zr phase from forming on the surface of TiB2, though TiB2 is agglomerated. The theoretical calculation agrees well with the experimental results. The edge-to-edge matching model is proved to be a useful tool for discovering the orientation relationships between phases.展开更多
A new spectral matching algorithm is proposed by us- ing nonsubsampled contourlet transform and scale-invariant fea- ture transform. The nonsubsampled contourlet transform is used to decompose an image into a low freq...A new spectral matching algorithm is proposed by us- ing nonsubsampled contourlet transform and scale-invariant fea- ture transform. The nonsubsampled contourlet transform is used to decompose an image into a low frequency image and several high frequency images, and the scale-invariant feature transform is employed to extract feature points from the low frequency im- age. A proximity matrix is constructed for the feature points of two related images. By singular value decomposition of the proximity matrix, a matching matrix （or matching result） reflecting the match- ing degree among feature points is obtained. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce time complexity and possess a higher accuracy.展开更多
Fusion methods based on multi-scale transforms have become the mainstream of the pixel-level image fusion. However,most of these methods cannot fully exploit spatial domain information of source images, which lead to ...Fusion methods based on multi-scale transforms have become the mainstream of the pixel-level image fusion. However,most of these methods cannot fully exploit spatial domain information of source images, which lead to the degradation of image.This paper presents a fusion framework based on block-matching and 3D(BM3D) multi-scale transform. The algorithm first divides the image into different blocks and groups these 2D image blocks into 3D arrays by their similarity. Then it uses a 3D transform which consists of a 2D multi-scale and a 1D transform to transfer the arrays into transform coefficients, and then the obtained low-and high-coefficients are fused by different fusion rules. The final fused image is obtained from a series of fused 3D image block groups after the inverse transform by using an aggregation process. In the experimental part, we comparatively analyze some existing algorithms and the using of different transforms, e.g. non-subsampled Contourlet transform(NSCT), non-subsampled Shearlet transform(NSST), in the 3D transform step. Experimental results show that the proposed fusion framework can not only improve subjective visual effect, but also obtain better objective evaluation criteria than state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
A new real-time map matching algorithm based on fuzzy logic is proposed. 3 main factors affecting the reliability of map matching, including the distance between the vehicle location and the matching road segment, the...A new real-time map matching algorithm based on fuzzy logic is proposed. 3 main factors affecting the reliability of map matching, including the distance between the vehicle location and the matching road segment, the angle between the vehicle direction and the road segment direction and the road connectivity are discussed. Fuzzy rules for the distance, angle and connectivity are presented to calculate the matching reliability. 2 indicators for estimating the matching reliability are then derived, one is the lower limit of the reliability, and the other is the limit error of the difference between the maximal value and the second-maximal value of the reliability. A real-time map-matching system based on fuzzy logic is therefore developed. Using the real data of global positioning system(GIS) based navigation and geographic information system(GPS) based road map, the method is verified and the (results) prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Histogram of collinear gradient-enhanced coding （HCGEC）, a robust key point descriptor for multi-spectral image matching, is proposed. The HCGEC mainly encodes rough structures within an image and suppresses detaile...Histogram of collinear gradient-enhanced coding （HCGEC）, a robust key point descriptor for multi-spectral image matching, is proposed. The HCGEC mainly encodes rough structures within an image and suppresses detailed textural information, which is desirable in multi-spectral image matching. Experiments on two multi-spectral data sets demonstrate that the proposed descriptor can yield significantly better results than some state-of- the-art descriptors.展开更多
An improved block matching approach to fast disparity estimation in machine vision applications is proposed, where the matching criterion is the sum of the absolute difference（SAD）.By evaluating the lower bounds, wh...An improved block matching approach to fast disparity estimation in machine vision applications is proposed, where the matching criterion is the sum of the absolute difference（SAD）.By evaluating the lower bounds, which become increasingly tighter for the matching criteria, the method tries to successively terminate unnecessary computations of the matching criteria between the reference block in one image and the ineligible candidate blocks in another image.It also eliminates the ineligible blocks as early as possible, while ensuring the optimal disparity of each pixel.Also, the proposed method can further speed up the elimination of ineligible candidate blocks by efficiently using the continuous constraint of disparity to predict the initial disparity of each pixel.The performance of the new algorithm is evaluated by carrying out a theoretical analysis, and by comparing its performance with the disparity estimation method based on the standard block matching.Simulated results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a computational cost reduction of over 50.5% in comparision with the standard block matching method.展开更多
To suppress noise amplitude modulation jamming in a single-antenna radar system, a new method based on weighted-matching pursuit （WMP） algorithm is proposed, which can achieve underdetermined blind sources separatio...To suppress noise amplitude modulation jamming in a single-antenna radar system, a new method based on weighted-matching pursuit （WMP） algorithm is proposed, which can achieve underdetermined blind sources separation of the jamming and the target echo from the jammed mixture in the single channel of the receiver. Firstly, the presented method utilizes a prior information about the differences between the jamming component and the radar transmitted signal to construct two signal-adapted sub-dictionaries and to determine the weights. Then the WMP algorithm is applied to remove the jamming component from the mixture. Experimental results verify the validity of the presented method. By comparison of the pulse compression performance, the simulation results shows that the presented method is superior to the method of frequency domain cancellation （FDC） when the jamming-to-signal ratio （JSR） is lower than 15 dB.展开更多
The traditional multiple pattern matching algorithm, deterministic finite state automata, is implemented by tree structure. A new algorithm is proposed by substituting sequential binary tree for traditional tree. It i...The traditional multiple pattern matching algorithm, deterministic finite state automata, is implemented by tree structure. A new algorithm is proposed by substituting sequential binary tree for traditional tree. It is proved by experiment that the algorithm has three features, its construction process is quick, its cost of memory is small. At the same time, its searching process is as quick as the traditional algorithm. The algorithm is suitable for the application which requires preprocessing the patterns dynamically.展开更多
文摘To improve the accuracy of short text matching,a short text matching method with knowledge and structure enhancement for BERT(KS-BERT)was proposed in this study.This method first introduced external knowledge to the input text,and then sent the expanded text to both the context encoder BERT and the structure encoder GAT to capture the contextual relationship features and structural features of the input text.Finally,the match was determined based on the fusion result of the two features.Experiment results based on the public datasets BQ_corpus and LCQMC showed that KS-BERT outperforms advanced models such as ERNIE 2.0.This Study showed that knowledge enhancement and structure enhancement are two effective ways to improve BERT in short text matching.In BQ_corpus,ACC was improved by 0.2%and 0.3%,respectively,while in LCQMC,ACC was improved by 0.4%and 0.9%,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71991464,71921001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,General Program(WK2040000053)Key Program(YD2040002027)。
文摘Motivated by the business model called“community group buying”(CGB),which has emerged in China and some countries in Southeast Asia,such as Singapore and Indonesia,we develop algorithms that could help CGB platforms match consumers with stage-stations(the picking up center under the CGB mode).By altering the fundamental design of the existing hierarchy algorithms,improvements are achieved.It is proven that our method has a faster running speed and greater space efficiency.Our algorithms avoid traversal and compress the time complexities of matching a consumer with a stage-station and updating the storage information to O(logM)and O(MlogG),where M is the number of stage-stations and G is that of the platform’s stock-keeping units.Simulation comparisons of our algorithms with the current methods of CGB platforms show that our approaches can effectively reduce delivery costs.An interesting observation of the simula-tions is worthy of note:Increasing G may incur higher costs since it makes inventories more dispersed and delivery prob-lems more complicated.
基金Jiangsu Water Science and Technology Project(2021081)。
文摘The rapid identification of planting patterns for major crops in a large irrigated district has vital importance for irrigation management,water fee collection,and crop yield estimation.In this study,the OTSU algorithm and Mean-Shift algorithm were employed to automatically determine threshold values for mapping two main rotated crop patterns at the pixel scale.A time series analysis was conducted to extract the spatial distribution of rice-wheat and wheat-maize rotations in the Chuanhang irrigation district from 2016 to 2020.The results demonstrate that both threshold segmentation algorithms are reliable in extracting the spatial distribution of the crops,with an overall accuracy exceeding 80%.Additionally,both Kappa coefficients surpass 0.7,indicating better performance by OTSU method.Over the period from 2016 to 2020,the area occupied by rice-wheat rotation cropping ranged from 12500 to 14400 hm 2;whereas wheat-maize rotation cropping exhibited smaller and more variable areas ranging from 19730 to 34070 hm 2.These findings highlight how remote sensing-based approaches can provide reliable support for rapidly and accurately identifying the spatial distribution of main crop rotation patterns within a large irrigation district.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62073036,62076031)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4242049).
文摘In challenging situations,such as low illumination,rain,and background clutter,the stability of the thermal infrared(TIR)spectrum can help red,green,blue(RGB)visible spectrum to improve tracking performance.However,the high-level image information and the modality-specific features have not been sufficiently studied.The proposed correlation filter uses the fused saliency content map to improve filter training and extracts different features of modalities.The fused content map is intro-duced into the spatial regularization term of correlation filter to highlight the training samples in the content region.Furthermore,the fused content map can avoid the incompleteness of the con-tent region caused by challenging situations.Additionally,differ-ent features are extracted according to the modality characteris-tics and are fused by the designed response-level fusion stra-tegy.The alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)algorithm is used to solve the tracker training efficiently.Experi-ments on the large-scale benchmark datasets show the effec-tiveness of the proposed tracker compared to the state-of-the-art traditional trackers and the deep learning based trackers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61304097)the Projects of Major International(Regional)Joint Research Program NSFC(61120106010)the Foundation for Innovation Research Groups of the National National Natural Science Foundation of China(61321002)
文摘A hierarchical particle filter（HPF） framework based on multi-feature fusion is proposed.The proposed HPF effectively uses different feature information to avoid the tracking failure based on the single feature in a complicated environment.In this approach,the Harris algorithm is introduced to detect the corner points of the object,and the corner matching algorithm based on singular value decomposition is used to compute the firstorder weights and make particles centralize in the high likelihood area.Then the local binary pattern（LBP） operator is used to build the observation model of the target based on the color and texture features,by which the second-order weights of particles and the accurate location of the target can be obtained.Moreover,a backstepping controller is proposed to complete the whole tracking system.Simulations and experiments are carried out,and the results show that the HPF algorithm with the backstepping controller achieves stable and accurate tracking with good robustness in complex environments.
基金Project(2012CB619504) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The mechanism of zirconium poisoning on the grain-refining efficiency of an Al-Ti-B based grain refiner was studied. The experiment was conducted by melting Al-5Ti-1B and Al-3Zr master alloys together. The edge-to-edge matching model was used to investigate and compare the orientation relationships between the binary intermetallic compounds present in the Al-Ti-B-Zr system. The results show that the poisoning effect probably results from the combination of Al3 Zr with Al3 Ti and the decreased amount of Ti solute, for Al3 Ti particles have good crystallographic relationships with Al3 Zr. Totally six orientation relationships may present between them, while they play vital roles in grain refinement. TiB2 particles appear to remain unchanged because of a bit large misfit. Only one orientation relationship may present between them to prevent Al3 Zr phase from forming on the surface of TiB2, though TiB2 is agglomerated. The theoretical calculation agrees well with the experimental results. The edge-to-edge matching model is proved to be a useful tool for discovering the orientation relationships between phases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (6117212711071002)+1 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20113401110006)the Innovative Research Team of 211 Project in Anhui University (KJTD007A)
文摘A new spectral matching algorithm is proposed by us- ing nonsubsampled contourlet transform and scale-invariant fea- ture transform. The nonsubsampled contourlet transform is used to decompose an image into a low frequency image and several high frequency images, and the scale-invariant feature transform is employed to extract feature points from the low frequency im- age. A proximity matrix is constructed for the feature points of two related images. By singular value decomposition of the proximity matrix, a matching matrix （or matching result） reflecting the match- ing degree among feature points is obtained. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce time complexity and possess a higher accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6157206361401308)+6 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2016YJS039)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(F2016201142F2016201187)the Natural Social Foundation of Hebei Province(HB15TQ015)the Science Research Project of Hebei Province(QN2016085ZC2016040)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei University(2014-303)
文摘Fusion methods based on multi-scale transforms have become the mainstream of the pixel-level image fusion. However,most of these methods cannot fully exploit spatial domain information of source images, which lead to the degradation of image.This paper presents a fusion framework based on block-matching and 3D(BM3D) multi-scale transform. The algorithm first divides the image into different blocks and groups these 2D image blocks into 3D arrays by their similarity. Then it uses a 3D transform which consists of a 2D multi-scale and a 1D transform to transfer the arrays into transform coefficients, and then the obtained low-and high-coefficients are fused by different fusion rules. The final fused image is obtained from a series of fused 3D image block groups after the inverse transform by using an aggregation process. In the experimental part, we comparatively analyze some existing algorithms and the using of different transforms, e.g. non-subsampled Contourlet transform(NSCT), non-subsampled Shearlet transform(NSST), in the 3D transform step. Experimental results show that the proposed fusion framework can not only improve subjective visual effect, but also obtain better objective evaluation criteria than state-of-the-art methods.
基金Projects(40301043 and 40171078) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A new real-time map matching algorithm based on fuzzy logic is proposed. 3 main factors affecting the reliability of map matching, including the distance between the vehicle location and the matching road segment, the angle between the vehicle direction and the road segment direction and the road connectivity are discussed. Fuzzy rules for the distance, angle and connectivity are presented to calculate the matching reliability. 2 indicators for estimating the matching reliability are then derived, one is the lower limit of the reliability, and the other is the limit error of the difference between the maximal value and the second-maximal value of the reliability. A real-time map-matching system based on fuzzy logic is therefore developed. Using the real data of global positioning system(GIS) based navigation and geographic information system(GPS) based road map, the method is verified and the (results) prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘Histogram of collinear gradient-enhanced coding （HCGEC）, a robust key point descriptor for multi-spectral image matching, is proposed. The HCGEC mainly encodes rough structures within an image and suppresses detailed textural information, which is desirable in multi-spectral image matching. Experiments on two multi-spectral data sets demonstrate that the proposed descriptor can yield significantly better results than some state-of- the-art descriptors.
基金supported by the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringFoundation for Youth Teacher of School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University Brain Korea 21(BK21) Program of Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development
文摘An improved block matching approach to fast disparity estimation in machine vision applications is proposed, where the matching criterion is the sum of the absolute difference（SAD）.By evaluating the lower bounds, which become increasingly tighter for the matching criteria, the method tries to successively terminate unnecessary computations of the matching criteria between the reference block in one image and the ineligible candidate blocks in another image.It also eliminates the ineligible blocks as early as possible, while ensuring the optimal disparity of each pixel.Also, the proposed method can further speed up the elimination of ineligible candidate blocks by efficiently using the continuous constraint of disparity to predict the initial disparity of each pixel.The performance of the new algorithm is evaluated by carrying out a theoretical analysis, and by comparing its performance with the disparity estimation method based on the standard block matching.Simulated results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a computational cost reduction of over 50.5% in comparision with the standard block matching method.
文摘To suppress noise amplitude modulation jamming in a single-antenna radar system, a new method based on weighted-matching pursuit （WMP） algorithm is proposed, which can achieve underdetermined blind sources separation of the jamming and the target echo from the jammed mixture in the single channel of the receiver. Firstly, the presented method utilizes a prior information about the differences between the jamming component and the radar transmitted signal to construct two signal-adapted sub-dictionaries and to determine the weights. Then the WMP algorithm is applied to remove the jamming component from the mixture. Experimental results verify the validity of the presented method. By comparison of the pulse compression performance, the simulation results shows that the presented method is superior to the method of frequency domain cancellation （FDC） when the jamming-to-signal ratio （JSR） is lower than 15 dB.
基金This project was supported by the National "863" High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2003AA142160) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60402019)
文摘The traditional multiple pattern matching algorithm, deterministic finite state automata, is implemented by tree structure. A new algorithm is proposed by substituting sequential binary tree for traditional tree. It is proved by experiment that the algorithm has three features, its construction process is quick, its cost of memory is small. At the same time, its searching process is as quick as the traditional algorithm. The algorithm is suitable for the application which requires preprocessing the patterns dynamically.
