An integration process of vacuum residue FCC(VRFCC)and moderate pressure hydro cracking(RMC),developed by RIPP and BDI,opens a new route for maximizing production of both high value products and the feed for steam cra...An integration process of vacuum residue FCC(VRFCC)and moderate pressure hydro cracking(RMC),developed by RIPP and BDI,opens a new route for maximizing production of both high value products and the feed for steam cracking(SC).VRFCC technology has been put on stream at Yanshan Petrochemical Co (YPC)since November 1998.A 79 2%(mass percent)high value product(LPG+GSL+LCO)was surprisingly made on the test run from a resid feedstock of 85 0%(mass percent)Daqing crude VR content.No facility coking was found during the operation.RMC is a renovating moderate pressure hydrocracking technology,the end point of the heavy VGO feed is as high as 534 ℃,and the RMC catalyst performance shows high hydrodenitrogenation activity and high ring opening selectivity.The process highlights the flexibility of product slates——maximum premium mid distillates yield(38 0%(mass percent))and/or maximum hydro unconverted bottoms(Hydro BTMs)yield(50%～70%(mass percent)).Over 30%(mass percent)ethylene was produced from SC process based on Hydro BTMs feed. The application of VRFCC/RMC integration at YPC not only covers the shortages of SC feed for 660 kt/a ethylene production capacity,but also increases the total yield of premium fuel products.展开更多
Heilongjiang Province is an important marketable grain depot in China. Since the reform and opening up, Heilongjiang Province production capacity of foodstuff is increasingly growing into a new level. This paper start...Heilongjiang Province is an important marketable grain depot in China. Since the reform and opening up, Heilongjiang Province production capacity of foodstuff is increasingly growing into a new level. This paper started with the actuality of Heilongjiang Province integrated production capacity of foodstuff, and analyzed its major factors empirically through the mathematical model, then proposed some measures to enhance Heilongjiang Province production capacity of foodstuff which ensured China foodstuff security展开更多
The Next Generation Subsea Production System(NextGen SPS)is an innovative concept for petroleum development in ultra-deep water areas,mainly consisting of artificial seabed(AS),rigid ris-ers,flexible jumpers and moori...The Next Generation Subsea Production System(NextGen SPS)is an innovative concept for petroleum development in ultra-deep water areas,mainly consisting of artificial seabed(AS),rigid ris-ers,flexible jumpers and mooring lines.To improve the overall performance and design efficiency of NextGen SPS,an integrated design approach for the NextGen SPS based on multidisciplinary design optimization(MDO)method was investigated in this paper by combing the multidisciplinary feasible(MDF)architecture and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm to establish the design frame-work.Two sub-disciplines of hydrodynamic analysis and global performance analysis were defined,and analysis method in each sub-discipline was introduced.Surrogate models of hydrodynamic analy-sis and global performance analysis were developed by using Latin hypercube sampling method and back propagation neural network(BPNN).Surrogate models were incorporated into the design frame-work,through which an integrated design for NextGen SPS at a depth of 3000 m was implemented.It is concluded that both the overall performance and the design efficiency of NextGen SPS are improved.展开更多
Clean Production is the best method for iron-steel making industry to eliminate pollution thoroughly. In order to achieve this object, smelting reduction technology should play the key role. Furthermore, process integ...Clean Production is the best method for iron-steel making industry to eliminate pollution thoroughly. In order to achieve this object, smelting reduction technology should play the key role. Furthermore, process integration method can be used to solve the problem of residual gas utilization by integrating smelting reduction process with direct reduced iron unit, gasoline, methanol or dimethyl ether synthesis unit, etc. A new smelting reduction process has been proposed which can be constructed on the present plant site. Since this process can directly treat the lump coal and iron ore fines, it reduces st6ps necessary in traditional blast furnace process and Corex smelting reduction process.展开更多
A 10 year research programme at Lincoln University, investigating the use of Trichoderma species for biological control of soil-borne diseases of vegetable crops, has resulted in the development of two commercial prod...A 10 year research programme at Lincoln University, investigating the use of Trichoderma species for biological control of soil-borne diseases of vegetable crops, has resulted in the development of two commercial products. Trichodry TM. 6S and Trichoflow TM. 6S based upon Trichoderma hamatum isolate 6SR4, are used to control Sclerotinia lettuce drop disease. The Trichodry 6S product is formulated as a dry flake, which is incorporated into nursery seedling mix and the Trichoflow 6S is a wettable powder which is used as a top-up drench before planting. The treatment stimulates seedling establishment and vigour and protects the developing seedling from Sclerotinia minor infection after transplanting in the field.The second commercial product is Trichopel TM. Ali 52, based upon Trichoderma atroviride isolate C52, which is used to control Sclerotium cepivorum, the causal agent of Allium white rot disease. The product is formulated as a granule and applied into the furrow at planting time. The fungus proliferates in the rhizosphere region and protects the growing seedling from pathogen attack by a combination of nutrient competition, antibiosis and mycoparasitism. The use of Trichopel Ali 52 under low to medium disease pressure in Pukekohe, the main vegetable growing region of New Zealand, gave a three fold cost benefit through yield increases in the 2003-2004 season. Current field development work involves the use of a wettable powder formulation of T. atroviride distributed via a T-tape irrigation system to target mid-season applications of the product to the onion roots. Both products perform well under low to moderate disease pressure but, when there is high disease pressure, an integrated programme is required to give satisfactory control. Current research is focused on gaining a greater understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors, which influence biocontrol activity under field conditions as a means to enhance integrated control approaches. For example, T. atroviride C52, when applied to the planting furrow, is compatible with procymidone, benomyl and captan but not thiram when applied as onion seed treatments. It is also compatible with the majority of other fungicides applied to the onion crop to protect against foliar diseases such as Botrytis and downy mildew. The product can be integrated with the use of the germination stimulant diallyl disulphide (DADS) as long as the Trichoderma product is applied at least two weeks after DADS application. The product is not compatible with the use of nitrogen fertilisers due to the sensitivity of the Trichoderma mycelium to high N, thus, care must be taken to separate fertilizer application from that of the biocontrol product. Expansion of the range of crop diseases targeted by the biocontrol products is currently under investigation with promising results obtained against a number of Botrytis diseases.展开更多
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) and revers e engineering (RE) have changed drastically the concept of product re-design, pla nning and manufacture of components. However, the main problems currently facing the...Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) and revers e engineering (RE) have changed drastically the concept of product re-design, pla nning and manufacture of components. However, the main problems currently facing the developers of reverse engineering system, is the time consuming digitis ation of 3D data and the conversion of large amounts of data into a concise and manageable format and linking it to a CAD/CAM system. Automated 3-D profile gen eration, measurements and inspection of manufactured component represents one of the important functions in reverse engineering and in the improvements in produ ct quality in rapid product developments. The paper presents a novel methodology for the development of a reverse enginee ring technique for use in the rapid product development in a CIM environment . The system developed provides integration, data capture and manipulation, dat a transfer between a CAD, CAM, Computer-aided inspection (CAI) and a 3-D profi le scanning system. An efficient scanning strategy has been developed for scann ing and surfaces data acquisition. The products were scanned using a laser scann ing system with a dedicated scan control card and the associated software packag es. A versatile rig was developed for the ease of data gathering of the profile scanning process. The surface data collected was then used to build a mathematic al surface model, which was then used to develop a virtual 3-D model of the pro duct. The resulting surface model provides the geometrical input to the subseque nt machining operation using either a CNC system or other manufacturing operatio n e.g. dies casting/mould casting etc. The prototypes developed were inspected u sing a state-of-the art CNC-CMM that was integrated to the CAD/CAM system. Si nce the scanning/digitised data captured by laser scanning probes requires no ma nual editing, significant time saving over most non-contact probe systems was a chieved. Since the creation of an accurate CAD model of a redesigned component o r a prototype constitute a major element of the total turnaround time; maximum r eturn can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the redesigning process. T he paper also outlines with a case study the application of the developed system . The system developed offers the flexibility of using the concept of reverse en gineering of a variety of components with the complimentary facility of integrat ion between CAD/CAM Computer-aided Inspection (CAI) systems and a scanning syst em. The developed reverse engineering application in an integrated manufacturing system can increase the consistency, improve cost-efficiency, reduce produ ct turn around and skill levels required to redesign, reengineer and prototyping components and products.展开更多
文摘An integration process of vacuum residue FCC(VRFCC)and moderate pressure hydro cracking(RMC),developed by RIPP and BDI,opens a new route for maximizing production of both high value products and the feed for steam cracking(SC).VRFCC technology has been put on stream at Yanshan Petrochemical Co (YPC)since November 1998.A 79 2%(mass percent)high value product(LPG+GSL+LCO)was surprisingly made on the test run from a resid feedstock of 85 0%(mass percent)Daqing crude VR content.No facility coking was found during the operation.RMC is a renovating moderate pressure hydrocracking technology,the end point of the heavy VGO feed is as high as 534 ℃,and the RMC catalyst performance shows high hydrodenitrogenation activity and high ring opening selectivity.The process highlights the flexibility of product slates——maximum premium mid distillates yield(38 0%(mass percent))and/or maximum hydro unconverted bottoms(Hydro BTMs)yield(50%～70%(mass percent)).Over 30%(mass percent)ethylene was produced from SC process based on Hydro BTMs feed. The application of VRFCC/RMC integration at YPC not only covers the shortages of SC feed for 660 kt/a ethylene production capacity,but also increases the total yield of premium fuel products.
基金Supported by the Achievement of Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Heilongjiang Province (1153-NCET-004)Project of Postdoctoral Scientific Research Launch Foundation in Heilongjiang Province
文摘Heilongjiang Province is an important marketable grain depot in China. Since the reform and opening up, Heilongjiang Province production capacity of foodstuff is increasingly growing into a new level. This paper started with the actuality of Heilongjiang Province integrated production capacity of foodstuff, and analyzed its major factors empirically through the mathematical model, then proposed some measures to enhance Heilongjiang Province production capacity of foodstuff which ensured China foodstuff security
文摘The Next Generation Subsea Production System(NextGen SPS)is an innovative concept for petroleum development in ultra-deep water areas,mainly consisting of artificial seabed(AS),rigid ris-ers,flexible jumpers and mooring lines.To improve the overall performance and design efficiency of NextGen SPS,an integrated design approach for the NextGen SPS based on multidisciplinary design optimization(MDO)method was investigated in this paper by combing the multidisciplinary feasible(MDF)architecture and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm to establish the design frame-work.Two sub-disciplines of hydrodynamic analysis and global performance analysis were defined,and analysis method in each sub-discipline was introduced.Surrogate models of hydrodynamic analy-sis and global performance analysis were developed by using Latin hypercube sampling method and back propagation neural network(BPNN).Surrogate models were incorporated into the design frame-work,through which an integrated design for NextGen SPS at a depth of 3000 m was implemented.It is concluded that both the overall performance and the design efficiency of NextGen SPS are improved.
文摘Clean Production is the best method for iron-steel making industry to eliminate pollution thoroughly. In order to achieve this object, smelting reduction technology should play the key role. Furthermore, process integration method can be used to solve the problem of residual gas utilization by integrating smelting reduction process with direct reduced iron unit, gasoline, methanol or dimethyl ether synthesis unit, etc. A new smelting reduction process has been proposed which can be constructed on the present plant site. Since this process can directly treat the lump coal and iron ore fines, it reduces st6ps necessary in traditional blast furnace process and Corex smelting reduction process.
文摘A 10 year research programme at Lincoln University, investigating the use of Trichoderma species for biological control of soil-borne diseases of vegetable crops, has resulted in the development of two commercial products. Trichodry TM. 6S and Trichoflow TM. 6S based upon Trichoderma hamatum isolate 6SR4, are used to control Sclerotinia lettuce drop disease. The Trichodry 6S product is formulated as a dry flake, which is incorporated into nursery seedling mix and the Trichoflow 6S is a wettable powder which is used as a top-up drench before planting. The treatment stimulates seedling establishment and vigour and protects the developing seedling from Sclerotinia minor infection after transplanting in the field.The second commercial product is Trichopel TM. Ali 52, based upon Trichoderma atroviride isolate C52, which is used to control Sclerotium cepivorum, the causal agent of Allium white rot disease. The product is formulated as a granule and applied into the furrow at planting time. The fungus proliferates in the rhizosphere region and protects the growing seedling from pathogen attack by a combination of nutrient competition, antibiosis and mycoparasitism. The use of Trichopel Ali 52 under low to medium disease pressure in Pukekohe, the main vegetable growing region of New Zealand, gave a three fold cost benefit through yield increases in the 2003-2004 season. Current field development work involves the use of a wettable powder formulation of T. atroviride distributed via a T-tape irrigation system to target mid-season applications of the product to the onion roots. Both products perform well under low to moderate disease pressure but, when there is high disease pressure, an integrated programme is required to give satisfactory control. Current research is focused on gaining a greater understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors, which influence biocontrol activity under field conditions as a means to enhance integrated control approaches. For example, T. atroviride C52, when applied to the planting furrow, is compatible with procymidone, benomyl and captan but not thiram when applied as onion seed treatments. It is also compatible with the majority of other fungicides applied to the onion crop to protect against foliar diseases such as Botrytis and downy mildew. The product can be integrated with the use of the germination stimulant diallyl disulphide (DADS) as long as the Trichoderma product is applied at least two weeks after DADS application. The product is not compatible with the use of nitrogen fertilisers due to the sensitivity of the Trichoderma mycelium to high N, thus, care must be taken to separate fertilizer application from that of the biocontrol product. Expansion of the range of crop diseases targeted by the biocontrol products is currently under investigation with promising results obtained against a number of Botrytis diseases.
文摘Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) and revers e engineering (RE) have changed drastically the concept of product re-design, pla nning and manufacture of components. However, the main problems currently facing the developers of reverse engineering system, is the time consuming digitis ation of 3D data and the conversion of large amounts of data into a concise and manageable format and linking it to a CAD/CAM system. Automated 3-D profile gen eration, measurements and inspection of manufactured component represents one of the important functions in reverse engineering and in the improvements in produ ct quality in rapid product developments. The paper presents a novel methodology for the development of a reverse enginee ring technique for use in the rapid product development in a CIM environment . The system developed provides integration, data capture and manipulation, dat a transfer between a CAD, CAM, Computer-aided inspection (CAI) and a 3-D profi le scanning system. An efficient scanning strategy has been developed for scann ing and surfaces data acquisition. The products were scanned using a laser scann ing system with a dedicated scan control card and the associated software packag es. A versatile rig was developed for the ease of data gathering of the profile scanning process. The surface data collected was then used to build a mathematic al surface model, which was then used to develop a virtual 3-D model of the pro duct. The resulting surface model provides the geometrical input to the subseque nt machining operation using either a CNC system or other manufacturing operatio n e.g. dies casting/mould casting etc. The prototypes developed were inspected u sing a state-of-the art CNC-CMM that was integrated to the CAD/CAM system. Si nce the scanning/digitised data captured by laser scanning probes requires no ma nual editing, significant time saving over most non-contact probe systems was a chieved. Since the creation of an accurate CAD model of a redesigned component o r a prototype constitute a major element of the total turnaround time; maximum r eturn can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the redesigning process. T he paper also outlines with a case study the application of the developed system . The system developed offers the flexibility of using the concept of reverse en gineering of a variety of components with the complimentary facility of integrat ion between CAD/CAM Computer-aided Inspection (CAI) systems and a scanning syst em. The developed reverse engineering application in an integrated manufacturing system can increase the consistency, improve cost-efficiency, reduce produ ct turn around and skill levels required to redesign, reengineer and prototyping components and products.
