To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subseq...To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.展开更多
The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem composed of many bacteria and their metabolites.It plays an irreplaceable role in human digestion,nutrient absorption,energy supply,fat metabolism,immune regulation,and many o...The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem composed of many bacteria and their metabolites.It plays an irreplaceable role in human digestion,nutrient absorption,energy supply,fat metabolism,immune regulation,and many other aspects.Exploring the structure and function of the gut microbiota,as well as their key genes and metabolites,will enable the early diagnosis and auxiliary diagnosis of diseases,new treatment methods,better effects of drug treatments,and better guidance in the use of antibiotics.The identification of gut microbiota plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment,as well as in drug research and development.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive review of this rapidly evolving topic.Traditional identification methods cannot comprehensively capture the diversity of gut microbiota.Currently,with the rapid development of molecular biology,the classification and identification methods for gut microbiota have evolved from the initial phenotypic and chemical identification to identification at the molecular level.This review integrates the main methods of gut microbiota identification and evaluates their application.We pay special attention to the research progress on molecular biological methods and focus on the application of high-throughput sequencing technology in the identification of gut microbiota.This revolutionary method for intestinal flora identification heralds a new chapter in our understanding of the microbial world.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor desig...This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor design was adopted,and four treatments were administered with five replicates to 240 one-day-old AA broilers.The control group(group A)received a basal diet,while the experimental groups received a basal diet plus 33%(group B),67%(group C)and 100%(group D)FPFM,respectively.Compared with group A,(1)the average daily gain(ADG)in group C decreased(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)in group D increased(P<0.05);(2)the level of serum urea nitrogen in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,cholesterol,and glucose contents in group D increased(P<0.05)at day 21;(3)the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group B and the immunoglobulin A in group C increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group D decreased(P<0.05)at day 42;(4)the share force of breast muscle and thigh muscle in group D increased(P<0.05);(5)the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of group B increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the villus height in group C and D increased(P<0.05)at day 42;(6)the proteobacteria counts in the cecum digesta in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05)at day 21.The basal diet supplemented with 33%FPFM promoted protein metabolism,enhanced immunity and improved meat quality,promoted the digestion and absorption of nutrients,increased intestinal microbial diversity,and improved the content of beneficial bacteria without affecting the growth performance,it was possible to be used as a good substitute for fish meal.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids,vascular fibrosis,and inflammation.Paeonol(Pae)is a natural phenolic compounds isolated from a traditional Chi...OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids,vascular fibrosis,and inflammation.Paeonol(Pae)is a natural phenolic compounds isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine,Cortex Moutan,which exhibits anti-AS effects.Our previous work demonstrated that gut microbiota plays an important role during AS treatment as it affects the efficacy of Pae.However,the mechanism of Pae in protecting against vascular fibrosis as related to gut microbiota has yet to be elucidated.To investigate the anti-fibrosis effect of Pae on AS mice and demonstrate the underlying gut microbiota-dependent mechanism.METHODS ApoE-/-mice were fed with high-fat-diet(HFD)to replicate the AS model.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the plaque formation and collagen deposition.Gut microbiota alteration and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production were analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS/MS.The frequency of immune cells in spleen were phenotyped by flow cytometry.The mRNA expression of aortic inflammatory cytokines were detected by qRT-PCR.The protein expression of LOX and fibrosis related indicators were examined by Western blotting.RESULTS Pae restricted the development of AS and collagen deposition.Notably,the anti-fibrosis effect of Pae was achieved by regulating the gut microbiota.16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS/MS data indicated that the relative abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria and SCFAs production was increased.Additionally,Pae administration selectively up-regulated the frequency of regulatory T(Treg)cells as well as down-regulated the ratio of T helper type 17(Th17)cells in the spleen of AS mice,improving the Treg/Th17 balance.In addition,as expected,Pae intervention significantly down-regulate the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL^(-1)β,IL-6,TNF-αand IL^(-1)7 in the aorta tissue,up-regulate the levels of anti-inflammatory factor IL^(-1)0,a marker of Treg cells.Finally,Pae′s intervention in the gut microbiota resulted in the restoration of the balance of Treg/Th17,which indirectly down-regulated the protein expression level of LOX and fibrosis-related indicators(MMP-2/9 and collagenⅠ/Ⅲ).CONCLUSION Pae attenuates vascular fibrosis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.The underlying protective mechanism is associated with the improved Treg/Th17 balance in spleen mediated through the increased microbiota-derived SCFAs production.展开更多
文摘To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.
文摘The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem composed of many bacteria and their metabolites.It plays an irreplaceable role in human digestion,nutrient absorption,energy supply,fat metabolism,immune regulation,and many other aspects.Exploring the structure and function of the gut microbiota,as well as their key genes and metabolites,will enable the early diagnosis and auxiliary diagnosis of diseases,new treatment methods,better effects of drug treatments,and better guidance in the use of antibiotics.The identification of gut microbiota plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment,as well as in drug research and development.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive review of this rapidly evolving topic.Traditional identification methods cannot comprehensively capture the diversity of gut microbiota.Currently,with the rapid development of molecular biology,the classification and identification methods for gut microbiota have evolved from the initial phenotypic and chemical identification to identification at the molecular level.This review integrates the main methods of gut microbiota identification and evaluates their application.We pay special attention to the research progress on molecular biological methods and focus on the application of high-throughput sequencing technology in the identification of gut microbiota.This revolutionary method for intestinal flora identification heralds a new chapter in our understanding of the microbial world.
基金Supported by Harbin Applied Technology Research and Development Project(2016RAXXJ015)。
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor design was adopted,and four treatments were administered with five replicates to 240 one-day-old AA broilers.The control group(group A)received a basal diet,while the experimental groups received a basal diet plus 33%(group B),67%(group C)and 100%(group D)FPFM,respectively.Compared with group A,(1)the average daily gain(ADG)in group C decreased(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)in group D increased(P<0.05);(2)the level of serum urea nitrogen in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,cholesterol,and glucose contents in group D increased(P<0.05)at day 21;(3)the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group B and the immunoglobulin A in group C increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group D decreased(P<0.05)at day 42;(4)the share force of breast muscle and thigh muscle in group D increased(P<0.05);(5)the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of group B increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the villus height in group C and D increased(P<0.05)at day 42;(6)the proteobacteria counts in the cecum digesta in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05)at day 21.The basal diet supplemented with 33%FPFM promoted protein metabolism,enhanced immunity and improved meat quality,promoted the digestion and absorption of nutrients,increased intestinal microbial diversity,and improved the content of beneficial bacteria without affecting the growth performance,it was possible to be used as a good substitute for fish meal.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81773937)。
文摘OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids,vascular fibrosis,and inflammation.Paeonol(Pae)is a natural phenolic compounds isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine,Cortex Moutan,which exhibits anti-AS effects.Our previous work demonstrated that gut microbiota plays an important role during AS treatment as it affects the efficacy of Pae.However,the mechanism of Pae in protecting against vascular fibrosis as related to gut microbiota has yet to be elucidated.To investigate the anti-fibrosis effect of Pae on AS mice and demonstrate the underlying gut microbiota-dependent mechanism.METHODS ApoE-/-mice were fed with high-fat-diet(HFD)to replicate the AS model.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the plaque formation and collagen deposition.Gut microbiota alteration and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production were analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS/MS.The frequency of immune cells in spleen were phenotyped by flow cytometry.The mRNA expression of aortic inflammatory cytokines were detected by qRT-PCR.The protein expression of LOX and fibrosis related indicators were examined by Western blotting.RESULTS Pae restricted the development of AS and collagen deposition.Notably,the anti-fibrosis effect of Pae was achieved by regulating the gut microbiota.16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS/MS data indicated that the relative abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria and SCFAs production was increased.Additionally,Pae administration selectively up-regulated the frequency of regulatory T(Treg)cells as well as down-regulated the ratio of T helper type 17(Th17)cells in the spleen of AS mice,improving the Treg/Th17 balance.In addition,as expected,Pae intervention significantly down-regulate the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL^(-1)β,IL-6,TNF-αand IL^(-1)7 in the aorta tissue,up-regulate the levels of anti-inflammatory factor IL^(-1)0,a marker of Treg cells.Finally,Pae′s intervention in the gut microbiota resulted in the restoration of the balance of Treg/Th17,which indirectly down-regulated the protein expression level of LOX and fibrosis-related indicators(MMP-2/9 and collagenⅠ/Ⅲ).CONCLUSION Pae attenuates vascular fibrosis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.The underlying protective mechanism is associated with the improved Treg/Th17 balance in spleen mediated through the increased microbiota-derived SCFAs production.
文摘目的探讨温阳解郁汤对脑卒中后抑郁(Post stroke depression,PSD)患者血清炎症因子和单胺类递质水平及肠道菌群的影响。方法选择2020年1月—2023年3月收治的PSD患者90例,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组各45例。对照组口服盐酸帕罗西汀片,观察组在对照组基础上服用温阳解郁汤。两组治疗周期8周。比较两组治疗疗效;治疗前后日常生活能力、抑郁情绪和神经功能,炎症因子,单胺类神经递质和肠道菌群变化。结果观察组PSD患者总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后PSD患者日常生活活动能力(Daily Activity Level,ADL)评分高于治疗前,而汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale,HAMD)评分和美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分低于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组治疗后PSD患者ADL评分高于对照组,而HAMD评分和NIHSS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后PSD患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(Hypersensitive C-reactiveprotein,hs-CRP)和白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)水平低于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组治疗后PSD患者血清TNF-α、hs-CRP和IL-6水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后PSD患者血清NE、5-HT和DA水平高于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组治疗后PSD患者血清去甲肾上腺素(Norepinephrine,NE)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)和多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后PSD患者乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌高于治疗前,而肠球菌和大肠埃希菌低于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组治疗后PSD患者乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌高于对照组,而肠球菌和大肠埃希菌低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论温阳解郁汤对PSD患者疗效良好,可显著减轻患者炎症反应,调节单胺类递质水平,及改善肠道菌群变化。
