Micro-grids comprise low voltage distribution systems with distributed energy resources(DERs) and controllable loads which can operate connected to the medium voltage grid or islanded in a controlled coordinated way. ...Micro-grids comprise low voltage distribution systems with distributed energy resources(DERs) and controllable loads which can operate connected to the medium voltage grid or islanded in a controlled coordinated way. This concept aims to move from "connect and forget" philosophy towards a full integration of DERs. Micro-grids can provide numerous economic and environmental benefits for end-customers, utilities and society. However, their implementation poses great technical challenges, such as a new philosophy in design of protection systems. In this work, a micro-grid protection scheme is presented based on positive-sequence component using phasor measurement units(PMUs) and a central protection unit(CPU). The salient feature of the proposed scheme in comparison with the previous works is that it has the ability to protect both radial and looped micro-grids against different types of faults with the capability of single-phase tripping. Furthermore, since the CPU is capable of updating its pickup values(upstream and downstream equivalent positive-sequence impedances of each line) after the first change in the micro-grid configuration(such as transferring from grid-connected to islanded mode and or disconnection of a line, bus, or DER either in grid-connected mode or in islanded mode), it can protect micro-grid against subsequent faults. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the suggested scheme and the CPU, several simulations have been undertaken by using DIg SILENT Power Factory and MATLAB software packages.展开更多
随着能源互联网战略的深入实施,可再生能源与微电网的参与度不断攀升,系统中不确定性因素显著增加,各参与主体间的合作与竞争关系变得愈发错综复杂。从垂直和水平两个层面建立了电网、服务商及多微电网混合博弈双层电能交易体系。在垂...随着能源互联网战略的深入实施,可再生能源与微电网的参与度不断攀升,系统中不确定性因素显著增加,各参与主体间的合作与竞争关系变得愈发错综复杂。从垂直和水平两个层面建立了电网、服务商及多微电网混合博弈双层电能交易体系。在垂直层面提出主从博弈的思想,以服务商为主导者、微电网为从属者。构建不确定性问题分阶段优化的分段鲁棒优化模型,实现不确定性的差异化调度,提高鲁棒优化的灵活性。利用布尔-列和约束生成(Bool-Column and constraint generation,B-C&CG)算法求解模型,并把整个模型分为主问题和子问题:主问题优化电价不确定性问题,子问题优化源荷不确定问题。在水平层面搭建纳什谈判模型,通过交替方向乘子(alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM)算法求解水平层面微电网之间的电能交互模型。利用分布式求解方法得出交易价格策略,再结合拉格朗日乘子法,交替优化各分部并更新乘子,得出各微电网之间的最佳交易电价。仿真结果表明,所提方案兼顾了系统的鲁棒性、经济性及灵活性,缩减了各微电网的成本并充分保护了各微网的隐私。展开更多
随着“双碳”目标下新型电力系统的发展,微电网规模日益增加,基于柔性互联的微电网群可实现微电网间互联互济,提高供电可靠性和经济性。针对柔性互联微电网群的优化调度问题,提出基于加速-鲁棒性目标级联法的微网群分层协同调度策略。首...随着“双碳”目标下新型电力系统的发展,微电网规模日益增加,基于柔性互联的微电网群可实现微电网间互联互济,提高供电可靠性和经济性。针对柔性互联微电网群的优化调度问题,提出基于加速-鲁棒性目标级联法的微网群分层协同调度策略。首先,分别制定峰、平、谷不同时刻调度策略,建立微网群双层模型,上层是以微网群运营为主体的经济调度模型,下层是以子微网为主体的经济调度模型。其次,将智能软开关(soft open point,SOP)连在子微网末端的公共点,通过SOP实现子微网之间的互联,将微网与主网之间的交换功率作为耦合变量,采用加速-鲁棒性目标级联法实现上、下层模型的优化求解。最后,由算例分析表明:基于加速-鲁棒性目标级联法的优化调度方案能减少系统运行成本,实现整个微网群系统的协同优化调度。展开更多
电力系统中不平衡与非线性负载会产生电压电流不平衡与谐波,从而影响一些关键设备的正常运行。为提升多台构网型GFM(grid-forming)变流器系统的电能质量,需在合理分配负载电流基波负序与谐波分量的同时,尽可能降低公共耦合点PCC(point o...电力系统中不平衡与非线性负载会产生电压电流不平衡与谐波,从而影响一些关键设备的正常运行。为提升多台构网型GFM(grid-forming)变流器系统的电能质量,需在合理分配负载电流基波负序与谐波分量的同时,尽可能降低公共耦合点PCC(point of common coupling)的电压不平衡与谐波。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于统一不平衡/谐波电压-电流下垂的构网型变流器电能质量控制策略。通过建立PCC电压与输出电流的基波负序及谐波分量的统一下垂关系,实现不平衡与谐波电流在各单元之间按容量分配,且同时抑制PCC电压的不平衡与谐波。该方案适用于多变流器在离网与并网2种模式,且不需对基波负序与各次谐波分别提取,相比于现有控制方法更加简单,更易于在嵌入式控制器中实现。详细讨论了该方法基于闭环极点分析的控制参数设计方案。通过与现有方法的对比分析,所提方法具有更优的动态性能与更少的计算需求。最后,实验结果验证了所提控制方案的有效性。展开更多
文摘Micro-grids comprise low voltage distribution systems with distributed energy resources(DERs) and controllable loads which can operate connected to the medium voltage grid or islanded in a controlled coordinated way. This concept aims to move from "connect and forget" philosophy towards a full integration of DERs. Micro-grids can provide numerous economic and environmental benefits for end-customers, utilities and society. However, their implementation poses great technical challenges, such as a new philosophy in design of protection systems. In this work, a micro-grid protection scheme is presented based on positive-sequence component using phasor measurement units(PMUs) and a central protection unit(CPU). The salient feature of the proposed scheme in comparison with the previous works is that it has the ability to protect both radial and looped micro-grids against different types of faults with the capability of single-phase tripping. Furthermore, since the CPU is capable of updating its pickup values(upstream and downstream equivalent positive-sequence impedances of each line) after the first change in the micro-grid configuration(such as transferring from grid-connected to islanded mode and or disconnection of a line, bus, or DER either in grid-connected mode or in islanded mode), it can protect micro-grid against subsequent faults. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the suggested scheme and the CPU, several simulations have been undertaken by using DIg SILENT Power Factory and MATLAB software packages.
文摘随着能源互联网战略的深入实施,可再生能源与微电网的参与度不断攀升,系统中不确定性因素显著增加,各参与主体间的合作与竞争关系变得愈发错综复杂。从垂直和水平两个层面建立了电网、服务商及多微电网混合博弈双层电能交易体系。在垂直层面提出主从博弈的思想,以服务商为主导者、微电网为从属者。构建不确定性问题分阶段优化的分段鲁棒优化模型,实现不确定性的差异化调度,提高鲁棒优化的灵活性。利用布尔-列和约束生成(Bool-Column and constraint generation,B-C&CG)算法求解模型,并把整个模型分为主问题和子问题:主问题优化电价不确定性问题,子问题优化源荷不确定问题。在水平层面搭建纳什谈判模型,通过交替方向乘子(alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM)算法求解水平层面微电网之间的电能交互模型。利用分布式求解方法得出交易价格策略,再结合拉格朗日乘子法,交替优化各分部并更新乘子,得出各微电网之间的最佳交易电价。仿真结果表明,所提方案兼顾了系统的鲁棒性、经济性及灵活性,缩减了各微电网的成本并充分保护了各微网的隐私。
文摘随着“双碳”目标下新型电力系统的发展,微电网规模日益增加,基于柔性互联的微电网群可实现微电网间互联互济,提高供电可靠性和经济性。针对柔性互联微电网群的优化调度问题,提出基于加速-鲁棒性目标级联法的微网群分层协同调度策略。首先,分别制定峰、平、谷不同时刻调度策略,建立微网群双层模型,上层是以微网群运营为主体的经济调度模型,下层是以子微网为主体的经济调度模型。其次,将智能软开关(soft open point,SOP)连在子微网末端的公共点,通过SOP实现子微网之间的互联,将微网与主网之间的交换功率作为耦合变量,采用加速-鲁棒性目标级联法实现上、下层模型的优化求解。最后,由算例分析表明:基于加速-鲁棒性目标级联法的优化调度方案能减少系统运行成本,实现整个微网群系统的协同优化调度。
文摘电力系统中不平衡与非线性负载会产生电压电流不平衡与谐波,从而影响一些关键设备的正常运行。为提升多台构网型GFM(grid-forming)变流器系统的电能质量,需在合理分配负载电流基波负序与谐波分量的同时,尽可能降低公共耦合点PCC(point of common coupling)的电压不平衡与谐波。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于统一不平衡/谐波电压-电流下垂的构网型变流器电能质量控制策略。通过建立PCC电压与输出电流的基波负序及谐波分量的统一下垂关系,实现不平衡与谐波电流在各单元之间按容量分配,且同时抑制PCC电压的不平衡与谐波。该方案适用于多变流器在离网与并网2种模式,且不需对基波负序与各次谐波分别提取,相比于现有控制方法更加简单,更易于在嵌入式控制器中实现。详细讨论了该方法基于闭环极点分析的控制参数设计方案。通过与现有方法的对比分析,所提方法具有更优的动态性能与更少的计算需求。最后,实验结果验证了所提控制方案的有效性。
