Markedness refers to the asymmetric phenomenon in a linguistic category. Unmarked item, compared with marked item,is more natural, more neutral, more fundamental, and has higher using frequency and wider distribution....Markedness refers to the asymmetric phenomenon in a linguistic category. Unmarked item, compared with marked item,is more natural, more neutral, more fundamental, and has higher using frequency and wider distribution. From the perspective of markedness theory, the study, collecting 86 English passives and 85 Chinese passives(including 35 notional passives and 50 Beisentences), contrastively analyzes the unmarkedness of English and Chinese passives from the aspects of patient animacy, emotional color, and tense through example-illustration and description. The analysis shows that the unmarkedness of English and Chinese passives has different expressions in the three aspects. Inanimate patient has stronger unmarkedness in both English and Chinese passives, for it is more frequently-used than animate patient. According to people's cognition and language using habits, the emotional color of English passives and Chinese notional passives is neutral in most cases, so the neutral emotional color is unmarked.But in Chinese Bei-sentences, negative emotional color has stronger unmarkedness. As for the tense expression, English passives have wider distributions in time span and simpler structure than Chinese passives. Thus, English passives possess stronger unmarkedness in the light of tense. According to the analysis, the study proposes feasible advice for second language acquisition and translation.展开更多
Chinese tourism becomes a thriving field with the promotion of China reform and opening policy and the rapid development of social economy. The translation of tourist materials thus weighs a lot in the economic develo...Chinese tourism becomes a thriving field with the promotion of China reform and opening policy and the rapid development of social economy. The translation of tourist materials thus weighs a lot in the economic development and cross-cultural communication. But the condition is not satisfactory, there are still existing some problems in the translation of tourist publicity materials. Therefor the readers can't receive the equal information that the original text expressed. Based on this fact,the paper attempts to analyze what pragmatic failures there are in the translation of tourist materials and to analyze how the Pragmaticmarkedness Equivalence Principle(PMEP) approach can be applied to the translation of tourist publicity materials to achieve the translation equivalence.展开更多
Some researches have been conducted concerning the Markedness Theory about the marked and the unmarked, from aspects of Phonetics, Grammar, Pragmatic, Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic. Few researches have combined...Some researches have been conducted concerning the Markedness Theory about the marked and the unmarked, from aspects of Phonetics, Grammar, Pragmatic, Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic. Few researches have combined the Markedness Theory with literature theories and even no research has been done to study the Feminism Theory from the perspective of the Markedness Theory. This paper discusses markedness theory with regard to two basic issues: Why it is ok to say"历史"in Chinese, but the equivalent in English is"history", not"*herstory". Why the meaning of"governor"and"governess"is distinctively different? No research concerning the issues from the perspective of markedness has been conducted yet. This paper gives a brief review of the studies concerning the Markedness Theory, on the basis of which the question is aroused.展开更多
Chinese negative transfer makes negative effects on English vocabulary acquisition of Chinese high school students, andone of the important reasons is that Chinese is weak marked while English is strong marked. Theref...Chinese negative transfer makes negative effects on English vocabulary acquisition of Chinese high school students, andone of the important reasons is that Chinese is weak marked while English is strong marked. Therefore, it is easy for Chinese highschool students to transfer the solidified usage of Chinese words into English when they acquire English words. The thesis analyzesthe negative effects of Chinese negative transfer in English lexical morphology acquisition in terms of two categories inflections andderivations according to markedness theory.展开更多
This paper aims to study the interlanguage syntactic system of L1 Chinese learners of English. A data base is constructed and designed to exam the writing of the English majors in vocational college and a special atte...This paper aims to study the interlanguage syntactic system of L1 Chinese learners of English. A data base is constructed and designed to exam the writing of the English majors in vocational college and a special attention is paid to the pseudo passive produced in the writing. Results show that due to the fact that Chinese is a topic-prominent language while English is a subjectprominent, the learners tend to transfer the subjectless structures to English production, which is reflected in the interlanguage grammar. What is more, the English passive requires more markers while the Chinese one less, which indicates that English passive is more marked than the Chinese counterpart. As a result, it is more difficult for the L1 Chinese learners to produce a wellformed English passive. In this regard, the roles of the differences between native language and target language and language transfer both play an important role in developing the interlanguage syntactic system. Based on such results, teachers should pay special attention to the teaching of English passive.展开更多
The role of the native language in second language acquisition has long been a hotly debated issue in the area of SLA.Variousstudies on the subject are reviewed and controversial views are examined in the paper,referr...The role of the native language in second language acquisition has long been a hotly debated issue in the area of SLA.Variousstudies on the subject are reviewed and controversial views are examined in the paper,referring to Behaviorism,Contrastive Analysis Hy-pothesis,Error Analysis Hypothesis,Creative Construction Hypothesis,Common Underlying Proficiency Hypothesis,and MarkednessTheory,etc.,so as to provide a more comprehensive and deeper analysis of the role L1 plays in L2 acquisition.展开更多
Part ⅠThere are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
This paper proposes a scheme for implementing the adiabatic quantum search algorithm of different marked items in an unsorted list of N items with atoms in a cavity driven by lasers. N identical three-level atoms are ...This paper proposes a scheme for implementing the adiabatic quantum search algorithm of different marked items in an unsorted list of N items with atoms in a cavity driven by lasers. N identical three-level atoms are trapped in a single-mode cavity. Each atom is driven by a set of three pulsed laser fields. In each atom, the same level represents a database entry. Two of the atoms are marked differently. The marked atom has an energy gap between its two ground states. The two different marked states can be sought out respectively starting from an initial entangled state by controlling the ratio of three pulse amplitudes. Moreover, the mechanism, based on adiabatic passage, constitutes a decoherence-free method in the sense that spontaneous emission and cavity damping are avoided since the dynamics follows the dark state. Furthermore, this paper extends the algorithm with m（m〉2） atoms marked in an ideal situation. Any different marked state can be sought out.展开更多
Reversible data embedding is becoming a very important issue in securing images transmitted over the Internet, especially in dealing with sensitive images such as those created for military data and medical data. Base...Reversible data embedding is becoming a very important issue in securing images transmitted over the Internet, especially in dealing with sensitive images such as those created for military data and medical data. Based on the relationships between pixels and their neighbors, we propose a reversible data embedding scheme to embed hidden messages into an original image. In our proposed scheme, a two-layer data embedding approach is used for our proposed data embedding phase. Layer-1 embedding is used to hide secret data. Layer-2 embedding, which is an embedding variant of the proposed layer-1 embedding, is used to hide side information, such as the parameters required to restore the marked image. In our layer-1 embedding, the value of an embedded pixel is determined according to a predetermined threshold and the relationship between the pixel and its neighbors. In our layer-2 embedding, the similar data embedding concept is expanded to the block-based. Experimental results provide supportive data to show that the proposed scheme can provide greater hiding capacity while preserving the image quality of a marked image in comparison with previous work.展开更多
John Pratt stared at the envelope on the seat besidehim. It was addressed to Professor Hart and marked'Corby University Press. Urgent'. It could containthe only thing — the examination papers. John was dreadi...John Pratt stared at the envelope on the seat besidehim. It was addressed to Professor Hart and marked'Corby University Press. Urgent'. It could containthe only thing — the examination papers. John was dreading these examinations. He did wellduring the term because he worked so hard, but whenfaced with an examination paper he seemed to forgeteverything, he was so nervous.展开更多
1992 marked the 500th anniversary of the first of Chri-stopher Colmbus’four voyages of discovery and conquestto the new world—America.Of course,America was nei-ther“new”nor his goal.He was planning to China(Cathey...1992 marked the 500th anniversary of the first of Chri-stopher Colmbus’four voyages of discovery and conquestto the new world—America.Of course,America was nei-ther“new”nor his goal.He was planning to China(Cathey)and instead ran into the continents of North and SouthAmerica,and their surrounding islands,which were previ-ously unknown to Europeans.展开更多
In the medieval calendar there were two kinds of day-Dismal Days(不吉利日) and Red-Letter Days(吉利日).Dismal Days were considered unlucky, while Red-Letter Days were the principal feasts and saints’ days to be celeb...In the medieval calendar there were two kinds of day-Dismal Days(不吉利日) and Red-Letter Days(吉利日).Dismal Days were considered unlucky, while Red-Letter Days were the principal feasts and saints’ days to be celebrated or observed throughout the Christian year.They are called Red-Letter Days because in early printed calendars they were marked in red ink. Nowadays展开更多
Directions:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part.Foreach sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.He always does something that can __ the su...Directions:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part.Foreach sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.He always does something that can __ the sufferings ofothers.A.release B.relieve C.retain D.展开更多
The word “holiday” originally was used to honor a sacred per-son or event,hence “Holy Days”.In time great leaders,special oc-casions that marked historical events,were included.Every country has special or unique ...The word “holiday” originally was used to honor a sacred per-son or event,hence “Holy Days”.In time great leaders,special oc-casions that marked historical events,were included.Every country has special or unique days that are celebratedonly in certain areas or in a specific country.There are a few展开更多
On May 18-19,the inaugural China-Central Asia Summit was grandly held in the city of Xi’an.This event marked China’s first major home-field diplomatic activity in 2023;it was also the first physical summit between t...On May 18-19,the inaugural China-Central Asia Summit was grandly held in the city of Xi’an.This event marked China’s first major home-field diplomatic activity in 2023;it was also the first physical summit between the heads of China and five Central Asian countries since the establishment of diplomatic relations 31 years ago.展开更多
2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the reform and opening-up policy.Over the past four decades,China’s economic construction had been booming,having made remarkable achievements.As an important ...2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the reform and opening-up policy.Over the past four decades,China’s economic construction had been booming,having made remarkable achievements.As an important part of China’s national economy,the textile industry kept on emancipating ideas,expanding,innovating and making huge contributions to China’s reform and opening-up to the outside world.展开更多
2018 marked the start of China's full completion of the 19th CPC National Congress,the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the policy of reform and opening-up,and a decisive year of the“13th Five-Year”Plann...2018 marked the start of China's full completion of the 19th CPC National Congress,the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the policy of reform and opening-up,and a decisive year of the“13th Five-Year”Planning to connect 2017 and usher in 2019.Faced with the complex and volatile industrial development patterns in China and abroad,the textile industry,a pillar industry of China’s national economy,revolved around the new industrial positioning of“technology,fashion,and green”to keep on deepening the supply-front structural adjustment.展开更多
2018 marked the start of China’s full completion of the 19th CPC National Congress,the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the policy of reform and opening-up,and a decisive year of the“13th Five-Year”Planning...2018 marked the start of China’s full completion of the 19th CPC National Congress,the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the policy of reform and opening-up,and a decisive year of the“13th Five-Year”Planning to connect 2017 and usher in 2019.In 2018,the textile industry maintained the medium-and low-speed growth and realized a steady and sound development.展开更多
文摘Markedness refers to the asymmetric phenomenon in a linguistic category. Unmarked item, compared with marked item,is more natural, more neutral, more fundamental, and has higher using frequency and wider distribution. From the perspective of markedness theory, the study, collecting 86 English passives and 85 Chinese passives(including 35 notional passives and 50 Beisentences), contrastively analyzes the unmarkedness of English and Chinese passives from the aspects of patient animacy, emotional color, and tense through example-illustration and description. The analysis shows that the unmarkedness of English and Chinese passives has different expressions in the three aspects. Inanimate patient has stronger unmarkedness in both English and Chinese passives, for it is more frequently-used than animate patient. According to people's cognition and language using habits, the emotional color of English passives and Chinese notional passives is neutral in most cases, so the neutral emotional color is unmarked.But in Chinese Bei-sentences, negative emotional color has stronger unmarkedness. As for the tense expression, English passives have wider distributions in time span and simpler structure than Chinese passives. Thus, English passives possess stronger unmarkedness in the light of tense. According to the analysis, the study proposes feasible advice for second language acquisition and translation.
文摘Chinese tourism becomes a thriving field with the promotion of China reform and opening policy and the rapid development of social economy. The translation of tourist materials thus weighs a lot in the economic development and cross-cultural communication. But the condition is not satisfactory, there are still existing some problems in the translation of tourist publicity materials. Therefor the readers can't receive the equal information that the original text expressed. Based on this fact,the paper attempts to analyze what pragmatic failures there are in the translation of tourist materials and to analyze how the Pragmaticmarkedness Equivalence Principle(PMEP) approach can be applied to the translation of tourist publicity materials to achieve the translation equivalence.
文摘Some researches have been conducted concerning the Markedness Theory about the marked and the unmarked, from aspects of Phonetics, Grammar, Pragmatic, Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic. Few researches have combined the Markedness Theory with literature theories and even no research has been done to study the Feminism Theory from the perspective of the Markedness Theory. This paper discusses markedness theory with regard to two basic issues: Why it is ok to say"历史"in Chinese, but the equivalent in English is"history", not"*herstory". Why the meaning of"governor"and"governess"is distinctively different? No research concerning the issues from the perspective of markedness has been conducted yet. This paper gives a brief review of the studies concerning the Markedness Theory, on the basis of which the question is aroused.
文摘Chinese negative transfer makes negative effects on English vocabulary acquisition of Chinese high school students, andone of the important reasons is that Chinese is weak marked while English is strong marked. Therefore, it is easy for Chinese highschool students to transfer the solidified usage of Chinese words into English when they acquire English words. The thesis analyzesthe negative effects of Chinese negative transfer in English lexical morphology acquisition in terms of two categories inflections andderivations according to markedness theory.
文摘This paper aims to study the interlanguage syntactic system of L1 Chinese learners of English. A data base is constructed and designed to exam the writing of the English majors in vocational college and a special attention is paid to the pseudo passive produced in the writing. Results show that due to the fact that Chinese is a topic-prominent language while English is a subjectprominent, the learners tend to transfer the subjectless structures to English production, which is reflected in the interlanguage grammar. What is more, the English passive requires more markers while the Chinese one less, which indicates that English passive is more marked than the Chinese counterpart. As a result, it is more difficult for the L1 Chinese learners to produce a wellformed English passive. In this regard, the roles of the differences between native language and target language and language transfer both play an important role in developing the interlanguage syntactic system. Based on such results, teachers should pay special attention to the teaching of English passive.
文摘The role of the native language in second language acquisition has long been a hotly debated issue in the area of SLA.Variousstudies on the subject are reviewed and controversial views are examined in the paper,referring to Behaviorism,Contrastive Analysis Hy-pothesis,Error Analysis Hypothesis,Creative Construction Hypothesis,Common Underlying Proficiency Hypothesis,and MarkednessTheory,etc.,so as to provide a more comprehensive and deeper analysis of the role L1 plays in L2 acquisition.
文摘Part ⅠThere are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 10574022 and 10575022)the Funds of Educational Committee of Fujian Province,China (Grant No JB07043)
文摘This paper proposes a scheme for implementing the adiabatic quantum search algorithm of different marked items in an unsorted list of N items with atoms in a cavity driven by lasers. N identical three-level atoms are trapped in a single-mode cavity. Each atom is driven by a set of three pulsed laser fields. In each atom, the same level represents a database entry. Two of the atoms are marked differently. The marked atom has an energy gap between its two ground states. The two different marked states can be sought out respectively starting from an initial entangled state by controlling the ratio of three pulse amplitudes. Moreover, the mechanism, based on adiabatic passage, constitutes a decoherence-free method in the sense that spontaneous emission and cavity damping are avoided since the dynamics follows the dark state. Furthermore, this paper extends the algorithm with m（m〉2） atoms marked in an ideal situation. Any different marked state can be sought out.
基金supported by the National Science Council Foundation under Grant No.NSC 98-2410-H-126-007-MY3
文摘Reversible data embedding is becoming a very important issue in securing images transmitted over the Internet, especially in dealing with sensitive images such as those created for military data and medical data. Based on the relationships between pixels and their neighbors, we propose a reversible data embedding scheme to embed hidden messages into an original image. In our proposed scheme, a two-layer data embedding approach is used for our proposed data embedding phase. Layer-1 embedding is used to hide secret data. Layer-2 embedding, which is an embedding variant of the proposed layer-1 embedding, is used to hide side information, such as the parameters required to restore the marked image. In our layer-1 embedding, the value of an embedded pixel is determined according to a predetermined threshold and the relationship between the pixel and its neighbors. In our layer-2 embedding, the similar data embedding concept is expanded to the block-based. Experimental results provide supportive data to show that the proposed scheme can provide greater hiding capacity while preserving the image quality of a marked image in comparison with previous work.
文摘John Pratt stared at the envelope on the seat besidehim. It was addressed to Professor Hart and marked'Corby University Press. Urgent'. It could containthe only thing — the examination papers. John was dreading these examinations. He did wellduring the term because he worked so hard, but whenfaced with an examination paper he seemed to forgeteverything, he was so nervous.
文摘1992 marked the 500th anniversary of the first of Chri-stopher Colmbus’four voyages of discovery and conquestto the new world—America.Of course,America was nei-ther“new”nor his goal.He was planning to China(Cathey)and instead ran into the continents of North and SouthAmerica,and their surrounding islands,which were previ-ously unknown to Europeans.
文摘In the medieval calendar there were two kinds of day-Dismal Days(不吉利日) and Red-Letter Days(吉利日).Dismal Days were considered unlucky, while Red-Letter Days were the principal feasts and saints’ days to be celebrated or observed throughout the Christian year.They are called Red-Letter Days because in early printed calendars they were marked in red ink. Nowadays
文摘Directions:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part.Foreach sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.He always does something that can __ the sufferings ofothers.A.release B.relieve C.retain D.
文摘The word “holiday” originally was used to honor a sacred per-son or event,hence “Holy Days”.In time great leaders,special oc-casions that marked historical events,were included.Every country has special or unique days that are celebratedonly in certain areas or in a specific country.There are a few
文摘On May 18-19,the inaugural China-Central Asia Summit was grandly held in the city of Xi’an.This event marked China’s first major home-field diplomatic activity in 2023;it was also the first physical summit between the heads of China and five Central Asian countries since the establishment of diplomatic relations 31 years ago.
文摘2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the reform and opening-up policy.Over the past four decades,China’s economic construction had been booming,having made remarkable achievements.As an important part of China’s national economy,the textile industry kept on emancipating ideas,expanding,innovating and making huge contributions to China’s reform and opening-up to the outside world.
文摘2018 marked the start of China's full completion of the 19th CPC National Congress,the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the policy of reform and opening-up,and a decisive year of the“13th Five-Year”Planning to connect 2017 and usher in 2019.Faced with the complex and volatile industrial development patterns in China and abroad,the textile industry,a pillar industry of China’s national economy,revolved around the new industrial positioning of“technology,fashion,and green”to keep on deepening the supply-front structural adjustment.
文摘2018 marked the start of China’s full completion of the 19th CPC National Congress,the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the policy of reform and opening-up,and a decisive year of the“13th Five-Year”Planning to connect 2017 and usher in 2019.In 2018,the textile industry maintained the medium-and low-speed growth and realized a steady and sound development.
