Optimization procedures are required to minimize the amount of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions from marine engines.This study discusses the procedures to optimize the performance of any marine engine implemente...Optimization procedures are required to minimize the amount of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions from marine engines.This study discusses the procedures to optimize the performance of any marine engine implemented in a 0D/1D numerical model in order to achieve lower values of exhaust emissions.From that point,an extension of previous simulation researches is presented to calculate the amount of SOx emissions from two marine diesel engines along their load diagrams based on the percentage of sulfur in the marine fuel used.The variations of SOx emissions are computed in g/k W·h and in parts per million(ppm)as functions of the optimized parameters:brake specific fuel consumption and the amount of air-fuel ratio respectively.Then,a surrogate model-based response surface methodology is used to generate polynomial equations to estimate the amount of SOx emissions as functions of engine speed and load.These developed non-dimensional equations can be further used directly to assess the value of SOx emissions for different percentages of sulfur of the selected or similar engines to be used in different marine applications.展开更多
Human error,an important factor,may lead to serious results in various operational fields.The human factor plays a critical role in the risks and hazards of the maritime industry.A ship can achieve safe navigation whe...Human error,an important factor,may lead to serious results in various operational fields.The human factor plays a critical role in the risks and hazards of the maritime industry.A ship can achieve safe navigation when all operations in the engine room are conducted vigilantly.This paper presents a systematic evaluation of 20 failures in auxiliary systems of marine diesel engines that may be caused by human error.The Cognitive Reliability Error Analysis Method(CREAM)is used to determine the potentiality of human errors in the failures implied thanks to the answers of experts.Using this method,the probabilities of human error on failures were evaluated and the critical ones were emphasized.The measures to be taken for these results will make significant contributions not only to the seafarers but also to the ship owners.展开更多
This paper presents a simulator model of a marine diesel engine based on physical, semi-physical, mathematical and thermodynamic equations, which allows fast predictive simulations The whole engine system is divided i...This paper presents a simulator model of a marine diesel engine based on physical, semi-physical, mathematical and thermodynamic equations, which allows fast predictive simulations The whole engine system is divided into several functional blocks： cooling, lubrication, air, injection, combustion and emissions. The sub-models and dynamic characteristics of individual blocks are established according to engine working principles equations and experimental data collected from a marine diesel engine test bench for SIMB Company under the reference 6M26SRP1. The overall engine system dynamics is expressed as a set of simultaneous algebraic and differential equations using sub-blocks and S-Functions of Matlab/Simulink. The simulation of this model, implemented on Matlab/Simulink has been validated and can be used to obtain engine performance, pressure, temperature, efficiency, heat release, crank angle, fuel rate, emissions at different sub-blocks. The simulator will be used, in future work, to study the engine performance in faulty conditions, and can be used to assist marine engineers in fault diagnosis and estimation （FDI） as well as designers to predict the behavior of the cooling system, lubrication system, injection system, combustion, emissions, in order to optimize the dimensions of different components. This program is a platform for fault simulator, to investigate the impact on sub-blocks engine＇s output of changing values for faults parameters such as： faulty fuel injector, leaky cylinder, worn fuel pump, broken piston rings, a dirty turbocharger, dirty air filter, dirty air cooler, air leakage, water leakage, oil leakage and contamination, fouling of heat exchanger, pumps wear, failure of injectors （and many others）.展开更多
In this study,a model is developed to simulate the dynamics of an internal combustion engine,and it is calibrated and validated against reliable experimental data,making it a tool that can effectively be adopted to co...In this study,a model is developed to simulate the dynamics of an internal combustion engine,and it is calibrated and validated against reliable experimental data,making it a tool that can effectively be adopted to conduct emission predictions.In this work,the Ricardo WAVE software is applied to the simulation of a particular marine diesel engine,a four-stroke engine used in the maritime field.Results from the bench tests are used for the calibration of the model.Finally,the calibration of the model and its validation with full-scale data measured at sea are presented.The prediction includes not only the classic engine operating parameters for a comparison with surveys but also an estimate of nitrogen oxide emissions,which are compared with similar results obtained with emission factors.The calibration of the model made it possible to obtain an overlap between the simulation results and real data with an average error of approximately 7%on power,torque,and consumption.The model provides encouraging results,suggesting further applications,such as in the study on transient conditions,coupling of the engine model with the ship model for a complete simulation of the operating conditions,and optimization studies on consumption and emissions.The availability of the emission data during the sea trial and validated simulation results are the strengths and novelties of this work.展开更多
The electronic in-line pump (EIP) is a complex system consisting of mechanical, hydraulic, and electromagnetic parts. Experimental study showed that the fuel pressure of the plunger and the fuel drainage of the pressu...The electronic in-line pump (EIP) is a complex system consisting of mechanical, hydraulic, and electromagnetic parts. Experimental study showed that the fuel pressure of the plunger and the fuel drainage of the pressure system after fuel injection could result in fuel pressure fluctuation in the low pressure system. Such fluctuation exhibited pulsating cycle fluctuation as the amplitude rose with the increase of the injection pulse width. The time domain analysis found that the pressure time history curve and injection cylinders corresponded with a one-to-one relationship. By frequency domain analysis, the result was that with the increase of the working cylinder number, the high frequency amplitude gradually increased and the basic frequency amplitude gradually decreased. The conclusion was that through wavelet transformation, the low pressure signal simultaneously moved towards low frequency as the high frequency of the wavelet transformation signal with the working cylinder number increased. Lastly, by using the numerical model, the study investigated the simulation research concerning the relationship of the fluctuation dynamic characteristic in the low pressure system and the fuel injection characteristic of the high pressure system, completing the conclusions obtained by the experimental study.展开更多
This article explores the possibilities of inedible biodiesel as a viable and environmentally friendly substitute fuel for marine diesel engines in India.This article encompasses on various crucial elements,including ...This article explores the possibilities of inedible biodiesel as a viable and environmentally friendly substitute fuel for marine diesel engines in India.This article encompasses on various crucial elements,including engine compatibility,biodiesel blends,fuel quality,emissions reduction,regulatory compliance,cost analysis,environmental advantages,and research and development.Implementing biodiesel in maritime operations within India presents favourable opportunities for mitigating carbon emissions,improving air quality,bolstering energy security,promoting sustainable agriculture,and harmonizing with international environmental objectives.Nevertheless,the effective incorporation of biodiesel necessitates a meticulous examination of multiple variables and an all-encompassing methodology that involves formulating policies,investment in infrastructure,research and development,and collaboration among relevant parties.Adopting biodiesel in India’s maritime sector offers a promising prospect for substantially contributing to sustainability and environmental stewardship.展开更多
In comparison to onshore facilities,ships,and their machinery are subjected to challenging external influences such as rolling,vibration,and continually changing air&cooling water temperatures in the marine enviro...In comparison to onshore facilities,ships,and their machinery are subjected to challenging external influences such as rolling,vibration,and continually changing air&cooling water temperatures in the marine environment.However,these factors are typically neglected,or their consequences are deemed to have little effect on machinery,the environment,or human life.In this study,seasonal air&seawater temperature effects on marine diesel engine performance parameters and emissions are investigated by using a full-mission engine room simulator.A tanker ship two-stroke main engine MAN B&W 6S50 MC-C with a power output of 8600 kW is employed during the simulation process.Furthermore,due to its diverse risks,the Marmara Region is chosen as the application area for real-time average temperature data.Based on the research findings,even minor variations in seasonal temperatures have a significant influence on certain key parameters of a ship’s main engine including scavenge pressure,exhaust temperatures,compression and combustion pressures,fuel consumption,power,and NOx-SOx-COx emissions.For instance,during the winter season,the cylinder compression pressure(pc)is recorded at 94 bar,while the maximum pressure(pz)reaches 110 bar.In the summer,pc experiences a decrease of 81 bar,while pz is measured at 101 bar.The emission of nitrogen oxides(NOx)exhibits a measurement of 784 parts per million(ppm)during winter and 744 in summer.The concentration of sulfur oxides(SOx)is recorded at 46 ppm in winter and 53 in summer.Given the current state of global warming and climate change,it is an undeniable fact that the impact of these phenomena will inevitably escalate.展开更多
The fuel consumption of a ship has always been an important research topic,but nowadays its importance has even increased as it is directly related to a ship’s greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,which is now tightly regula...The fuel consumption of a ship has always been an important research topic,but nowadays its importance has even increased as it is directly related to a ship’s greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,which is now tightly regulated.In this paper,such a dynamic model is presented.The ship’s resistance in calm water and propeller’s performance in open water are required as input.The hull efficiency is estimated empirically.The diesel engine is modelled by a first-order transfer function with a delayed response and its performance is calibrated with the data from the manufacturer’s catalogue.A governor is applied to maintain the pre-set engine’s rotational speed and to control the engine fuel rate.A slope limiter is employed to approximate the actual engine operation during engine transients.The default values can be obtained from the manufacturer engine load acceptance diagram.The developed model is implemented in MATLAB SIMULINK environment.After validation against third-party published results,the influence of using different types of governors on ship speed and fuel consumption is investigated.The model is also applied to simulate the fuel consumption of a ship during a typical acceleration manoeuvre and the scenario of a real ship encountering harsh weather conditions.展开更多
The presented work reports the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO_(x) assisted by dielectric barrier discharge plasma via simulating marine diesel engine exhaust,and the experimental results demonstrate that the ...The presented work reports the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO_(x) assisted by dielectric barrier discharge plasma via simulating marine diesel engine exhaust,and the experimental results demonstrate that the low-temperature activity of NH_(3)-SCR assisted by non-thermal plasma is enhanced significantly,particularly in the presence of a C_(3)H_(6) additive.Simultaneously,CeMnZrO_(x)@TiO_(2) exhibits strong tolerance to SO_(2) poisoning and superior catalytic stability.It is worthwhile to explore a new approach to remove NO_(x) from marine diesel engine exhaust,which is of vital significance for both academic research and practical applications.展开更多
基金performed within the Strategic Research Plan of the Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering(CENTEC)financed by Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(Fundacao para a Ciência e Tecnologia(FCT)),under contract UID/Multi/00134/2013-LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007629。
文摘Optimization procedures are required to minimize the amount of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions from marine engines.This study discusses the procedures to optimize the performance of any marine engine implemented in a 0D/1D numerical model in order to achieve lower values of exhaust emissions.From that point,an extension of previous simulation researches is presented to calculate the amount of SOx emissions from two marine diesel engines along their load diagrams based on the percentage of sulfur in the marine fuel used.The variations of SOx emissions are computed in g/k W·h and in parts per million(ppm)as functions of the optimized parameters:brake specific fuel consumption and the amount of air-fuel ratio respectively.Then,a surrogate model-based response surface methodology is used to generate polynomial equations to estimate the amount of SOx emissions as functions of engine speed and load.These developed non-dimensional equations can be further used directly to assess the value of SOx emissions for different percentages of sulfur of the selected or similar engines to be used in different marine applications.
文摘Human error,an important factor,may lead to serious results in various operational fields.The human factor plays a critical role in the risks and hazards of the maritime industry.A ship can achieve safe navigation when all operations in the engine room are conducted vigilantly.This paper presents a systematic evaluation of 20 failures in auxiliary systems of marine diesel engines that may be caused by human error.The Cognitive Reliability Error Analysis Method(CREAM)is used to determine the potentiality of human errors in the failures implied thanks to the answers of experts.Using this method,the probabilities of human error on failures were evaluated and the critical ones were emphasized.The measures to be taken for these results will make significant contributions not only to the seafarers but also to the ship owners.
文摘This paper presents a simulator model of a marine diesel engine based on physical, semi-physical, mathematical and thermodynamic equations, which allows fast predictive simulations The whole engine system is divided into several functional blocks： cooling, lubrication, air, injection, combustion and emissions. The sub-models and dynamic characteristics of individual blocks are established according to engine working principles equations and experimental data collected from a marine diesel engine test bench for SIMB Company under the reference 6M26SRP1. The overall engine system dynamics is expressed as a set of simultaneous algebraic and differential equations using sub-blocks and S-Functions of Matlab/Simulink. The simulation of this model, implemented on Matlab/Simulink has been validated and can be used to obtain engine performance, pressure, temperature, efficiency, heat release, crank angle, fuel rate, emissions at different sub-blocks. The simulator will be used, in future work, to study the engine performance in faulty conditions, and can be used to assist marine engineers in fault diagnosis and estimation （FDI） as well as designers to predict the behavior of the cooling system, lubrication system, injection system, combustion, emissions, in order to optimize the dimensions of different components. This program is a platform for fault simulator, to investigate the impact on sub-blocks engine＇s output of changing values for faults parameters such as： faulty fuel injector, leaky cylinder, worn fuel pump, broken piston rings, a dirty turbocharger, dirty air filter, dirty air cooler, air leakage, water leakage, oil leakage and contamination, fouling of heat exchanger, pumps wear, failure of injectors （and many others）.
基金Open access funding provided by Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.
文摘In this study,a model is developed to simulate the dynamics of an internal combustion engine,and it is calibrated and validated against reliable experimental data,making it a tool that can effectively be adopted to conduct emission predictions.In this work,the Ricardo WAVE software is applied to the simulation of a particular marine diesel engine,a four-stroke engine used in the maritime field.Results from the bench tests are used for the calibration of the model.Finally,the calibration of the model and its validation with full-scale data measured at sea are presented.The prediction includes not only the classic engine operating parameters for a comparison with surveys but also an estimate of nitrogen oxide emissions,which are compared with similar results obtained with emission factors.The calibration of the model made it possible to obtain an overlap between the simulation results and real data with an average error of approximately 7%on power,torque,and consumption.The model provides encouraging results,suggesting further applications,such as in the study on transient conditions,coupling of the engine model with the ship model for a complete simulation of the operating conditions,and optimization studies on consumption and emissions.The availability of the emission data during the sea trial and validated simulation results are the strengths and novelties of this work.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (50909024)Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy (KF10102)+1 种基金Basic Research Foundation of Harbin Engineering University(HEUFT09004)The Cooperation Project in Industry,Education and Research of Ministry of Education of Guangdong Province(2009A090100050)
文摘The electronic in-line pump (EIP) is a complex system consisting of mechanical, hydraulic, and electromagnetic parts. Experimental study showed that the fuel pressure of the plunger and the fuel drainage of the pressure system after fuel injection could result in fuel pressure fluctuation in the low pressure system. Such fluctuation exhibited pulsating cycle fluctuation as the amplitude rose with the increase of the injection pulse width. The time domain analysis found that the pressure time history curve and injection cylinders corresponded with a one-to-one relationship. By frequency domain analysis, the result was that with the increase of the working cylinder number, the high frequency amplitude gradually increased and the basic frequency amplitude gradually decreased. The conclusion was that through wavelet transformation, the low pressure signal simultaneously moved towards low frequency as the high frequency of the wavelet transformation signal with the working cylinder number increased. Lastly, by using the numerical model, the study investigated the simulation research concerning the relationship of the fluctuation dynamic characteristic in the low pressure system and the fuel injection characteristic of the high pressure system, completing the conclusions obtained by the experimental study.
文摘This article explores the possibilities of inedible biodiesel as a viable and environmentally friendly substitute fuel for marine diesel engines in India.This article encompasses on various crucial elements,including engine compatibility,biodiesel blends,fuel quality,emissions reduction,regulatory compliance,cost analysis,environmental advantages,and research and development.Implementing biodiesel in maritime operations within India presents favourable opportunities for mitigating carbon emissions,improving air quality,bolstering energy security,promoting sustainable agriculture,and harmonizing with international environmental objectives.Nevertheless,the effective incorporation of biodiesel necessitates a meticulous examination of multiple variables and an all-encompassing methodology that involves formulating policies,investment in infrastructure,research and development,and collaboration among relevant parties.Adopting biodiesel in India’s maritime sector offers a promising prospect for substantially contributing to sustainability and environmental stewardship.
文摘In comparison to onshore facilities,ships,and their machinery are subjected to challenging external influences such as rolling,vibration,and continually changing air&cooling water temperatures in the marine environment.However,these factors are typically neglected,or their consequences are deemed to have little effect on machinery,the environment,or human life.In this study,seasonal air&seawater temperature effects on marine diesel engine performance parameters and emissions are investigated by using a full-mission engine room simulator.A tanker ship two-stroke main engine MAN B&W 6S50 MC-C with a power output of 8600 kW is employed during the simulation process.Furthermore,due to its diverse risks,the Marmara Region is chosen as the application area for real-time average temperature data.Based on the research findings,even minor variations in seasonal temperatures have a significant influence on certain key parameters of a ship’s main engine including scavenge pressure,exhaust temperatures,compression and combustion pressures,fuel consumption,power,and NOx-SOx-COx emissions.For instance,during the winter season,the cylinder compression pressure(pc)is recorded at 94 bar,while the maximum pressure(pz)reaches 110 bar.In the summer,pc experiences a decrease of 81 bar,while pz is measured at 101 bar.The emission of nitrogen oxides(NOx)exhibits a measurement of 784 parts per million(ppm)during winter and 744 in summer.The concentration of sulfur oxides(SOx)is recorded at 46 ppm in winter and 53 in summer.Given the current state of global warming and climate change,it is an undeniable fact that the impact of these phenomena will inevitably escalate.
文摘The fuel consumption of a ship has always been an important research topic,but nowadays its importance has even increased as it is directly related to a ship’s greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,which is now tightly regulated.In this paper,such a dynamic model is presented.The ship’s resistance in calm water and propeller’s performance in open water are required as input.The hull efficiency is estimated empirically.The diesel engine is modelled by a first-order transfer function with a delayed response and its performance is calibrated with the data from the manufacturer’s catalogue.A governor is applied to maintain the pre-set engine’s rotational speed and to control the engine fuel rate.A slope limiter is employed to approximate the actual engine operation during engine transients.The default values can be obtained from the manufacturer engine load acceptance diagram.The developed model is implemented in MATLAB SIMULINK environment.After validation against third-party published results,the influence of using different types of governors on ship speed and fuel consumption is investigated.The model is also applied to simulate the fuel consumption of a ship during a typical acceleration manoeuvre and the scenario of a real ship encountering harsh weather conditions.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2019YFC1805503)National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology(No.NELMS2019A13)+1 种基金the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control(No.PPC2019013)Major Science and Technology Projects of Shanxi Province(No.20181102017)。
文摘The presented work reports the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO_(x) assisted by dielectric barrier discharge plasma via simulating marine diesel engine exhaust,and the experimental results demonstrate that the low-temperature activity of NH_(3)-SCR assisted by non-thermal plasma is enhanced significantly,particularly in the presence of a C_(3)H_(6) additive.Simultaneously,CeMnZrO_(x)@TiO_(2) exhibits strong tolerance to SO_(2) poisoning and superior catalytic stability.It is worthwhile to explore a new approach to remove NO_(x) from marine diesel engine exhaust,which is of vital significance for both academic research and practical applications.
