This paper addressed the international transferring t endency of manufacturing industry one by one as follows: (1) The developed count ries realize manufacturing industry structure upgrade reling on worldwide tr ansfe...This paper addressed the international transferring t endency of manufacturing industry one by one as follows: (1) The developed count ries realize manufacturing industry structure upgrade reling on worldwide tr ansference not only domestic transference. On one hand, the TNCs make cross-inv estments, transnational merger & acquisition so as to achieve the optimum colloc ation of R&D resources, and obtain innovation in knowledge and technology. On th e other hand, the developed countries transfer labor and resource intensive indu stry as well as the labor-intensive link of the production chain in highly tech nology industry to the developing countries, to make their industrial structure escalation. (2) The adjustment and upgrade of manufacturing industry presents "m ulti-step type". First, the object of international transference substitutes th e capital-intensive industry and maturing industry with complicate technique fo r the industry with labor-intensive, simple technique or higher pollution, or s ubstitutes non-core complex technological procedure and parts and components fo r assembly in manufacturing process. Secondly, technology transference forms "br ain-hand and foot" pattern, i.e. the developed countries are increasingly p aying more and more attention to the research and control of core technology, th us transferring simple technique and labor-intensive procedure in higher scienc e and technology. Thirdly, the developed countries begins to transfer both capit al and technology intensive production, as well as transfer certain procedures i n higher technology production process to a few developing countries, even t o transfer parts of R & D to developing countries. (3) TNCs promote the global m anufacturing network (GMN) by recombination and transfer. TNCs organize producti on, trade, technological research and transference through foreign direct invest ment (FDI) all over the world, as a result, GMN makes the national competence no longer depend on absolute occupation of certain industries, but on national com prehensive strength and comparative superiority. TNCs try to race to seize the h igher location of industrial value chain, only leaving the core technology and h igher value-added chains in mother countries, on the other hand, they transfer lower manufacturing power more and more to other countries. (4) TNCs transfer th eir domestic manufacturing bases abroad, China would become world- manufacturin g center. Chinese market is increasingly arousing foreign investor’s interest, " Made in China" will be a synonym of manufacturing industry in new century, subst ituting for "Made in U.S.", "Made in Japanese" and "Made in Europe". The Chinese manufacturing industry should hold tightly the opportunity to melt into the wor ldwide recombination and transfer and enter GMN, so as to accomplish leaping dev elopment.展开更多
This paper presents the importance of innovation in t he manufacturing enterprise and the need for the engineering education to conver ge with research and innovation. In pursuit of the ultimate manufacturing proces s...This paper presents the importance of innovation in t he manufacturing enterprise and the need for the engineering education to conver ge with research and innovation. In pursuit of the ultimate manufacturing proces s. Change is inevitable which constantly creates new demands on both engineers a nd the educational system. These demands are consistent with the economic, cultu ral, and social evolution, which finally influence the end technology. In parall el, the change in industrial heating is imminent due to the rises in the cost of fossil fuel and the environmental considerations. Microwave processing offers t he process industry an alternative with some distinct advantages.展开更多
The re-establishment of the Hong Kong manufacturin g industry as a local pillar of economy is vital in the restructuring of the e conomy in Hong Kong. The SMEs should play a key role in such a process. It requi res ma...The re-establishment of the Hong Kong manufacturin g industry as a local pillar of economy is vital in the restructuring of the e conomy in Hong Kong. The SMEs should play a key role in such a process. It requi res major changes to take place in the operation of the enterprises in order to enhance their competitiveness and therefore the chance of success in the restruc turing process. It is suggested that the strategy of going for high value-added products and related services together with the practice of "focused factory" s hould be adopted by the SMEs in the industry. Effective change management by the top managers and owners in the SMEs is an underpinning element for the success. Basing upon the characteristics of the SMEs in the industry, a model of change is proposed. The roles that should be played by the top management and owners in the industry are suggested and discussed. It is believe that the proposal and s uggestions made would help the industry to effectively manage the changes that a re necessary for the industry to shape the competitiveness of the industry in th e world arena in future.展开更多
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an efficient t ool which can be used to integrate information about management of enterprise. I t has a lot of functions, such as market management, production planning, finan ce ...Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an efficient t ool which can be used to integrate information about management of enterprise. I t has a lot of functions, such as market management, production planning, finan ce administration, quality control, personnel matters administration, electronic data exchange, business flow optimization and policy decision sustenance. With economy globalization, market internationalization, various and individual requ irement, modern enterprises become more and more to need ERP systems. Different trade patterns, scales,modes of operation and characteristics of products, the c onstruction of the ERP system is different. This article analyzes and discussess the characteristics of production and operation, internal administration models and market requirements about the enterprises that produce communication applia nces. Each piece of production made in the enterprises have small value and vari ed specifications. The enterprises design and produce things according to the or ders from customers. And the quantity of production in a batch is big. And the c ycle that customers remand delivering the goods is short. Assigning material and producing according to orders is this kind of enterprise’s principal organizati on pattern. The enterprises buy material according to orders, and negotiate a pr ice in many ways. In connection with this kind of enterprises which produce non -standardized parts, we put forward the construction of ERP system and take som e particular measures. First, putting the ERP system into effect can make enterp rise’s goods flow, fund flow, information flow unblocked in time and accurately, respond the change about market quickly and promote the selling of production. Second, it can make enterprise control some links efficiently, such as producin g, selling, operation plan and so on, and can arrange manufacturing reasonably. Third, it can make enterprise achieve official business automation, improve ente rprise’s administration and official business’ efficiency, supply multiple infor mation service for enterprise’s leads and raise enterprise’s comprehensive image such as trademark, quality, service and so on. Therefore, establishing the ERP system’ structure and putting it into effect is significant to enterprise’s runn ing.展开更多
文摘This paper addressed the international transferring t endency of manufacturing industry one by one as follows: (1) The developed count ries realize manufacturing industry structure upgrade reling on worldwide tr ansference not only domestic transference. On one hand, the TNCs make cross-inv estments, transnational merger & acquisition so as to achieve the optimum colloc ation of R&D resources, and obtain innovation in knowledge and technology. On th e other hand, the developed countries transfer labor and resource intensive indu stry as well as the labor-intensive link of the production chain in highly tech nology industry to the developing countries, to make their industrial structure escalation. (2) The adjustment and upgrade of manufacturing industry presents "m ulti-step type". First, the object of international transference substitutes th e capital-intensive industry and maturing industry with complicate technique fo r the industry with labor-intensive, simple technique or higher pollution, or s ubstitutes non-core complex technological procedure and parts and components fo r assembly in manufacturing process. Secondly, technology transference forms "br ain-hand and foot" pattern, i.e. the developed countries are increasingly p aying more and more attention to the research and control of core technology, th us transferring simple technique and labor-intensive procedure in higher scienc e and technology. Thirdly, the developed countries begins to transfer both capit al and technology intensive production, as well as transfer certain procedures i n higher technology production process to a few developing countries, even t o transfer parts of R & D to developing countries. (3) TNCs promote the global m anufacturing network (GMN) by recombination and transfer. TNCs organize producti on, trade, technological research and transference through foreign direct invest ment (FDI) all over the world, as a result, GMN makes the national competence no longer depend on absolute occupation of certain industries, but on national com prehensive strength and comparative superiority. TNCs try to race to seize the h igher location of industrial value chain, only leaving the core technology and h igher value-added chains in mother countries, on the other hand, they transfer lower manufacturing power more and more to other countries. (4) TNCs transfer th eir domestic manufacturing bases abroad, China would become world- manufacturin g center. Chinese market is increasingly arousing foreign investor’s interest, " Made in China" will be a synonym of manufacturing industry in new century, subst ituting for "Made in U.S.", "Made in Japanese" and "Made in Europe". The Chinese manufacturing industry should hold tightly the opportunity to melt into the wor ldwide recombination and transfer and enter GMN, so as to accomplish leaping dev elopment.
文摘This paper presents the importance of innovation in t he manufacturing enterprise and the need for the engineering education to conver ge with research and innovation. In pursuit of the ultimate manufacturing proces s. Change is inevitable which constantly creates new demands on both engineers a nd the educational system. These demands are consistent with the economic, cultu ral, and social evolution, which finally influence the end technology. In parall el, the change in industrial heating is imminent due to the rises in the cost of fossil fuel and the environmental considerations. Microwave processing offers t he process industry an alternative with some distinct advantages.
文摘The re-establishment of the Hong Kong manufacturin g industry as a local pillar of economy is vital in the restructuring of the e conomy in Hong Kong. The SMEs should play a key role in such a process. It requi res major changes to take place in the operation of the enterprises in order to enhance their competitiveness and therefore the chance of success in the restruc turing process. It is suggested that the strategy of going for high value-added products and related services together with the practice of "focused factory" s hould be adopted by the SMEs in the industry. Effective change management by the top managers and owners in the SMEs is an underpinning element for the success. Basing upon the characteristics of the SMEs in the industry, a model of change is proposed. The roles that should be played by the top management and owners in the industry are suggested and discussed. It is believe that the proposal and s uggestions made would help the industry to effectively manage the changes that a re necessary for the industry to shape the competitiveness of the industry in th e world arena in future.
文摘Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an efficient t ool which can be used to integrate information about management of enterprise. I t has a lot of functions, such as market management, production planning, finan ce administration, quality control, personnel matters administration, electronic data exchange, business flow optimization and policy decision sustenance. With economy globalization, market internationalization, various and individual requ irement, modern enterprises become more and more to need ERP systems. Different trade patterns, scales,modes of operation and characteristics of products, the c onstruction of the ERP system is different. This article analyzes and discussess the characteristics of production and operation, internal administration models and market requirements about the enterprises that produce communication applia nces. Each piece of production made in the enterprises have small value and vari ed specifications. The enterprises design and produce things according to the or ders from customers. And the quantity of production in a batch is big. And the c ycle that customers remand delivering the goods is short. Assigning material and producing according to orders is this kind of enterprise’s principal organizati on pattern. The enterprises buy material according to orders, and negotiate a pr ice in many ways. In connection with this kind of enterprises which produce non -standardized parts, we put forward the construction of ERP system and take som e particular measures. First, putting the ERP system into effect can make enterp rise’s goods flow, fund flow, information flow unblocked in time and accurately, respond the change about market quickly and promote the selling of production. Second, it can make enterprise control some links efficiently, such as producin g, selling, operation plan and so on, and can arrange manufacturing reasonably. Third, it can make enterprise achieve official business automation, improve ente rprise’s administration and official business’ efficiency, supply multiple infor mation service for enterprise’s leads and raise enterprise’s comprehensive image such as trademark, quality, service and so on. Therefore, establishing the ERP system’ structure and putting it into effect is significant to enterprise’s runn ing.
