OBJECTIVE To investigate berberine(BBR)attenuates arthritis in adjuvant-induced arthritic(AA)rats associated with regulating the energy metabolism and correcting the polarization of macrophages through activation of A...OBJECTIVE To investigate berberine(BBR)attenuates arthritis in adjuvant-induced arthritic(AA)rats associated with regulating the energy metabolism and correcting the polarization of macrophages through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α).METHODS AA rats were treated with BBR(40,80,or 160 mg·kg-1)from days 15 to 29 after immunization.The histopathology of ankle joint was examined through hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-1β,IL-2,IL-17A,interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1),IL-4,IL-10,transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),ATP,and lactic acid were measured by using ELISA kits.The percentage of M1 and M2 macro⁃phage cells in joint tissues were evaluated by immune-fluorescence.The expressions of p-AMPK and HIF-1αin joint of AA rats were determined according to immunohistochemistry analysis.The migration of macrophage was detected by Transwell assays.The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),Arginase-1(Arg1),p-AMPK,AMPK and HIF-1αwere examined by Western blotting.The labeled macrophages were observed with laser confocal microscopy.RESULTS BBR relieved signs and symptoms of AA rats and reversed pathological changes.BBR treatment group exhibited decreases in pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-2,IL-17A,IFN-γ,and MCP-1)coupled with increases anti-inflammatory cytokines(IL-4,IL-10,TGF-β1)in the serum.The number of M1 macrophage was reduced,while the number of M2 macrophage was increased in BBR group joint tissues.Moreover,BBR showed marked up-regu⁃lation the expression of p-AMPK and down-regulation the expression of HIF-1αin joint of AA rats.Next in vitro study,we found BBR up-regulated the expression of p-AMPK,Arg1(M2 marker)and down-regulated the expression of HIF-1α,iNOS(M1 marker)induced by LPS in peritoneal macrophages from normal SD rat.Furthermore,BBR treatment inhibited the migration of macrophages stimulated by LPS.The level of ATP was elevated and lactic acid was reduced in LPSinduced macrophages after treated by BBR.However,Compound C significantly attenuated the effects of BBR on acti⁃vated macrophages.CONCLUSION BBR alleviates inflammation by regulating energy metabolism and correcting the polarization of macrophage through AMPK-HIF-1αpathway.BBR might have great therapeutic value for RA.展开更多
目的:探讨右美托咪定(DEX)对保护肠源性脓毒症大鼠肠道功能的影响,并基于E2F转录因子1(E2F1)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路初步探讨其潜在作用机制。方法:60只SD大鼠,其中50只大鼠以盲肠结扎穿孔法建立肠源性脓毒症大鼠模型,其余10只大鼠...目的:探讨右美托咪定(DEX)对保护肠源性脓毒症大鼠肠道功能的影响,并基于E2F转录因子1(E2F1)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路初步探讨其潜在作用机制。方法:60只SD大鼠,其中50只大鼠以盲肠结扎穿孔法建立肠源性脓毒症大鼠模型,其余10只大鼠作为假手术组,假手术组大鼠仅分离盲肠远端,不结扎和穿孔。将40只造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、低剂量DEX组、中剂量DEX组和高剂量DEX组,每组10只。低、中和高剂量DEX组大鼠即刻腹腔注射20、40及60μg·kg-1DEX,假手术组和模型组大鼠腹腔注射等剂量生理盐水。给药24 h后检测各组大鼠肠道肌电活动情况,检测各组大鼠盲肠中大肠埃希菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌菌落数,HE染色检测各组大鼠小肠组织的病理形态表现,试剂盒检测各组大鼠小肠组织匀浆上清中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)水平和血清中二胺氧化酶(DAO)及D-乳酸水平,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法检测各组大鼠小肠组织中巨噬细胞极化标志物mRNA表达水平,Western blotting法检测各组大鼠小肠组织中巨噬细胞极化标志物和E2F1、磷酸化NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)及NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠肠道平滑肌慢波频率和振幅降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,低剂量DEX组大鼠肠道平滑肌慢波振幅升高(P<0.05),中和高剂量DEX组大鼠肠道平滑肌慢波频率及振幅升高(P<0.05);与低剂量DEX组比较,中和高剂量DEX组大鼠肠道平滑肌慢波频率及振幅升高(P<0.05);与中剂量DEX组比较,高剂量DEX组大鼠肠道平滑肌慢波频率和振幅升高(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠肠道大肠埃希菌菌落数增加(P<0.05),双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌菌落数减少(P<0.05);与模型组比较,低剂量DEX组大鼠肠道双歧杆菌菌落数增加(P<0.05),中和高剂量DEX组大鼠肠道大肠埃希菌菌落数减少(P<0.05),双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌菌落数增加(P<0.05);与低剂量DEX组比较,中和高剂量DEX组大鼠肠道大肠埃希菌菌落数减少(P<0.05),双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌菌落数增加(P<0.05);与中剂量DEX组比较,高剂量DEX组大鼠肠道大肠埃希菌菌落数减少(P<0.05),双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌菌落数增加(P<0.05)。HE染色,假手术组大鼠小肠黏膜组织结构正常且完好;模型组大鼠小肠黏膜上皮细胞坏死,绒毛受损、塌陷、排列紊乱;与模型组比较,低、中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织的病理学明显改善。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠小肠组织匀浆上清中sIgA水平降低(P<0.05),血清中DAO和D-乳酸蛋白水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,低剂量DEX组大鼠血清中DAO水平降低(P<0.05),中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织匀浆上清中sIgA水平升高(P<0.05),血清中DAO和D-乳酸蛋白水平降低(P<0.05);与低剂量DEX组比较,中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织匀浆上清中sIgA水平升高(P<0.05),血清中DAO和D-乳酸蛋白水平降低(P<0.05);与中剂量DEX组比较,高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织匀浆上清中sIgA水平升高(P<0.05),血清中DAO和D-乳酸蛋白水平降低(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠小肠组织中CD86、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)和CD80 m RNA及蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),CD206、白细胞介素(IL-4)和CD163 m RNA及蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,低剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中CD80 m RNA、CD86蛋白和MCP-1蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),IL-4 m RNA、CD163 m RNA、CD206蛋白和CD163蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中CD86、MCP-1和CD80 m RNA及蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),CD206、IL-4和CD163 m RNA及蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05);与低剂量DEX组比较,中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中CD86、MCP-1和CD80 m RNA及蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),CD206、IL-4和CD163 m RNA及蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05);与中剂量DEX组比较,高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中CD86、MCP-1和CD80 m RNA及蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),CD206、IL-4和CD163 m RNA及蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠小肠组织中E2F1蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,低、中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中E2F1蛋白表达水平和p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值降低(P<0.05);与低剂量DEX组比较,中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中E2F1蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值降低(P<0.05);与中剂量DEX组比较,高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中E2F1蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值降低(P<0.05)。结论:DEX对肠源性脓毒症大鼠小肠黏膜损伤具有改善作用,并促进小肠组织中巨噬细胞向M2型极化转变,其机制可能与DEX调控E2F1/NF-κB信号通路有关。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81703529)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate berberine(BBR)attenuates arthritis in adjuvant-induced arthritic(AA)rats associated with regulating the energy metabolism and correcting the polarization of macrophages through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α).METHODS AA rats were treated with BBR(40,80,or 160 mg·kg-1)from days 15 to 29 after immunization.The histopathology of ankle joint was examined through hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-1β,IL-2,IL-17A,interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1),IL-4,IL-10,transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),ATP,and lactic acid were measured by using ELISA kits.The percentage of M1 and M2 macro⁃phage cells in joint tissues were evaluated by immune-fluorescence.The expressions of p-AMPK and HIF-1αin joint of AA rats were determined according to immunohistochemistry analysis.The migration of macrophage was detected by Transwell assays.The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),Arginase-1(Arg1),p-AMPK,AMPK and HIF-1αwere examined by Western blotting.The labeled macrophages were observed with laser confocal microscopy.RESULTS BBR relieved signs and symptoms of AA rats and reversed pathological changes.BBR treatment group exhibited decreases in pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-2,IL-17A,IFN-γ,and MCP-1)coupled with increases anti-inflammatory cytokines(IL-4,IL-10,TGF-β1)in the serum.The number of M1 macrophage was reduced,while the number of M2 macrophage was increased in BBR group joint tissues.Moreover,BBR showed marked up-regu⁃lation the expression of p-AMPK and down-regulation the expression of HIF-1αin joint of AA rats.Next in vitro study,we found BBR up-regulated the expression of p-AMPK,Arg1(M2 marker)and down-regulated the expression of HIF-1α,iNOS(M1 marker)induced by LPS in peritoneal macrophages from normal SD rat.Furthermore,BBR treatment inhibited the migration of macrophages stimulated by LPS.The level of ATP was elevated and lactic acid was reduced in LPSinduced macrophages after treated by BBR.However,Compound C significantly attenuated the effects of BBR on acti⁃vated macrophages.CONCLUSION BBR alleviates inflammation by regulating energy metabolism and correcting the polarization of macrophage through AMPK-HIF-1αpathway.BBR might have great therapeutic value for RA.
文摘目的:探讨右美托咪定(DEX)对保护肠源性脓毒症大鼠肠道功能的影响,并基于E2F转录因子1(E2F1)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路初步探讨其潜在作用机制。方法:60只SD大鼠,其中50只大鼠以盲肠结扎穿孔法建立肠源性脓毒症大鼠模型,其余10只大鼠作为假手术组,假手术组大鼠仅分离盲肠远端,不结扎和穿孔。将40只造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、低剂量DEX组、中剂量DEX组和高剂量DEX组,每组10只。低、中和高剂量DEX组大鼠即刻腹腔注射20、40及60μg·kg-1DEX,假手术组和模型组大鼠腹腔注射等剂量生理盐水。给药24 h后检测各组大鼠肠道肌电活动情况,检测各组大鼠盲肠中大肠埃希菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌菌落数,HE染色检测各组大鼠小肠组织的病理形态表现,试剂盒检测各组大鼠小肠组织匀浆上清中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)水平和血清中二胺氧化酶(DAO)及D-乳酸水平,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法检测各组大鼠小肠组织中巨噬细胞极化标志物mRNA表达水平,Western blotting法检测各组大鼠小肠组织中巨噬细胞极化标志物和E2F1、磷酸化NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)及NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠肠道平滑肌慢波频率和振幅降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,低剂量DEX组大鼠肠道平滑肌慢波振幅升高(P<0.05),中和高剂量DEX组大鼠肠道平滑肌慢波频率及振幅升高(P<0.05);与低剂量DEX组比较,中和高剂量DEX组大鼠肠道平滑肌慢波频率及振幅升高(P<0.05);与中剂量DEX组比较,高剂量DEX组大鼠肠道平滑肌慢波频率和振幅升高(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠肠道大肠埃希菌菌落数增加(P<0.05),双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌菌落数减少(P<0.05);与模型组比较,低剂量DEX组大鼠肠道双歧杆菌菌落数增加(P<0.05),中和高剂量DEX组大鼠肠道大肠埃希菌菌落数减少(P<0.05),双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌菌落数增加(P<0.05);与低剂量DEX组比较,中和高剂量DEX组大鼠肠道大肠埃希菌菌落数减少(P<0.05),双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌菌落数增加(P<0.05);与中剂量DEX组比较,高剂量DEX组大鼠肠道大肠埃希菌菌落数减少(P<0.05),双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌菌落数增加(P<0.05)。HE染色,假手术组大鼠小肠黏膜组织结构正常且完好;模型组大鼠小肠黏膜上皮细胞坏死,绒毛受损、塌陷、排列紊乱;与模型组比较,低、中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织的病理学明显改善。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠小肠组织匀浆上清中sIgA水平降低(P<0.05),血清中DAO和D-乳酸蛋白水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,低剂量DEX组大鼠血清中DAO水平降低(P<0.05),中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织匀浆上清中sIgA水平升高(P<0.05),血清中DAO和D-乳酸蛋白水平降低(P<0.05);与低剂量DEX组比较,中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织匀浆上清中sIgA水平升高(P<0.05),血清中DAO和D-乳酸蛋白水平降低(P<0.05);与中剂量DEX组比较,高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织匀浆上清中sIgA水平升高(P<0.05),血清中DAO和D-乳酸蛋白水平降低(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠小肠组织中CD86、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)和CD80 m RNA及蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),CD206、白细胞介素(IL-4)和CD163 m RNA及蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,低剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中CD80 m RNA、CD86蛋白和MCP-1蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),IL-4 m RNA、CD163 m RNA、CD206蛋白和CD163蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中CD86、MCP-1和CD80 m RNA及蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),CD206、IL-4和CD163 m RNA及蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05);与低剂量DEX组比较,中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中CD86、MCP-1和CD80 m RNA及蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),CD206、IL-4和CD163 m RNA及蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05);与中剂量DEX组比较,高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中CD86、MCP-1和CD80 m RNA及蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),CD206、IL-4和CD163 m RNA及蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠小肠组织中E2F1蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,低、中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中E2F1蛋白表达水平和p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值降低(P<0.05);与低剂量DEX组比较,中和高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中E2F1蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值降低(P<0.05);与中剂量DEX组比较,高剂量DEX组大鼠小肠组织中E2F1蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05),p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值降低(P<0.05)。结论:DEX对肠源性脓毒症大鼠小肠黏膜损伤具有改善作用,并促进小肠组织中巨噬细胞向M2型极化转变,其机制可能与DEX调控E2F1/NF-κB信号通路有关。
