In the travel process of urban residents,travelers will take a series of activities such as imitation and exclusion by observing other people’s travel modes,which affects their following trips.This process can be see...In the travel process of urban residents,travelers will take a series of activities such as imitation and exclusion by observing other people’s travel modes,which affects their following trips.This process can be seen as a repeated game between members of the travelers.Based on the analysis of this game and its evolution trend,a multi-dimensional game model of low-carbon travel for residents is established.The two dimensional game strategies include whether to accept the low-carbon concept and whether to choose low-carbon travel.Combined with evolutionary game theory,the low-carbon travel choices of residents in different cities are simulated,and the evolutionary stability strategies are obtained.Finally,the influences of the main parameters of the model on the evolution process and stability strategies are discussed.The results show that travelers would develop towards two trends.Cities with more developed public traffic system have a higher proportion of receiving low-carbon concept and choosing low-carbon travel.Cities with underdeveloped public transport system could increase this proportion by some measures such as encouraging residents to choose slow transport and increasing the propaganda of low-carbon travel,but the positive effects of the measures like propaganda have a limited impact on the proportion.展开更多
In order to investigate the regularity of metal magnetic signals of ferromagnetic materials under the effect of applied load, the static tensile test of Q235 steel and 18CrNiWA steel plate specimens were conducted and...In order to investigate the regularity of metal magnetic signals of ferromagnetic materials under the effect of applied load, the static tensile test of Q235 steel and 18CrNiWA steel plate specimens were conducted and metal magnetic memory signals of specimens were measured during the test process. The influencing factors of metal magnetic memory signals and the relationship between axial applied load and signals were analyzed. The fracture and microstructure of the specimens were observed. The results show that the magnetic signals corresponding to the measured points change linearly approximately with increasing axial load. The microstructure of Q235 steel is ferrite and perlite, whereas that of 18CrNiWA steel is bainite and low-carbon martensite. The fracture of these two kinds of specimens is ductile rupture; carbon content of specimen materials and dislocation glide give much contribution to the characteristics of magnetic curves.展开更多
Full scale experimental study on nitrogen removal for low-carbon wastewater was conducted in reversed A2/O process in Jiguanshi waste water treatment plant in Chongqing,in order to aid the operation and maintenance of...Full scale experimental study on nitrogen removal for low-carbon wastewater was conducted in reversed A2/O process in Jiguanshi waste water treatment plant in Chongqing,in order to aid the operation and maintenance of similar WWTP. When the proposed measures,such as using 0.1% (volume fraction of wastewater) landfill leachate,shortening HRT by 2/3 in the primary sedimentation tank and controlling DO at 0.5 mg/L in the 3rd section of aerobic zone,are applied,15% of the carbon source can be complemented,the favorable property of activated sludge is achieved,and the nitrogen removal effect is significantly improved. The effluent NH3-N is 2 mg/L and the removal rate is 90%. The effluent TN is 17 mg/L and the removal rate is 54%. The up-to-standard discharge of the effluent is achieved. And after the optimization,the unit electricity consumption also reaches 0.21 kW/h and saves 20%.展开更多
Aiming at a comprehensive assessment of energy-saving retrofitting effect on existing buildings,a calculation method is developed to adjust energy-saving quantity in standard condition for comparison under the same co...Aiming at a comprehensive assessment of energy-saving retrofitting effect on existing buildings,a calculation method is developed to adjust energy-saving quantity in standard condition for comparison under the same conditions. A mathematical model,method theory and calculation steps are given. Error analysis results show that this method can be applied accurately to practical engineering projects. In a case study of energy-saving quantity assessment before and after retrofitting on a certain hospital in Shanghai,with energy simulation software TRNSYS,detailed application of this method is introduced and analyzed. The method is applied to the case of energy-saving quantity assessment to a hospital in Shanghai before and after retrofitting with the energy simulation software TRNSYS.展开更多
Based on the trace of origin and development process of low-carbon economy, the paper defined the concept of low- carbon agriculture. As a case, the development of low-carbon advantage and disadvantage of agriculture ...Based on the trace of origin and development process of low-carbon economy, the paper defined the concept of low- carbon agriculture. As a case, the development of low-carbon advantage and disadvantage of agriculture in Heilongjiang Province made a systematic analysis of factors; it based on the empirical and comparative analysis of low-carbon development in Heilongjiang Province and put forward countermeasures and suggestions of agriculture. At last, the low-carbon agriculture was prospected in the future.展开更多
Polyurea coating and carbon fibre reinforced polymer reinforcing techniques were applied to retrofit a severely damaged urban utility tunnel(UUT).The blast responses of the retrofitted UUT were investigated through in...Polyurea coating and carbon fibre reinforced polymer reinforcing techniques were applied to retrofit a severely damaged urban utility tunnel(UUT).The blast responses of the retrofitted UUT were investigated through in-filed explosion experimental tests,and the displacements,strains,accelerations,and damage were compared.The retrofitted UUT exhibited comparable or even better blast resistance than the intact UUT.Although the polyurea coating was flexible,it exhibited excellent performance in improving the blast resistance of the damaged UUT.As the UUT reinforced with basalt fibre reinforce polymer(BFRP)bars has smaller damage compared with the UUT reinforced with steel bars,its retrofitting is simple,and the cost is low.The roof was simplified as an elastically simple support one-way slab.Euler beam theory was adopted to analyse the dynamic responses of UUT roof considering the interaction between soil and structure,which agree well with the experiments in the first three cases.展开更多
Grey cast iron’s welding itself is a complex proble m.So proper welding materials must be selected,complex welding techniques such as preheating before weldingslow cooling after welding etc,should be taken. However t...Grey cast iron’s welding itself is a complex proble m.So proper welding materials must be selected,complex welding techniques such as preheating before weldingslow cooling after welding etc,should be taken. However the carbon component in low-carbon steel is comparatively low,the carbo n of welded joint will diffuse to the low-carbon steel when it is welded with gr ey cast iron,which will cause the component of carbon greatly increased at the low-carbon steel side in HAZ,high carbon martensite and cracks will occur.If p reheating before weldingslow cooling after welding and other welding procedure are taken,the grey cast iron side can probably be qualified.But the carbon wi ll diffuse to HAZ of the low-carbon steel side more easily.Therefore after stud ying the weldabilities of grey cast iron and low-carbon steel,the author develo ped a new type of cast iron electrode considering the demands of factories’prac tices,and the welding technology test of grey cast iron and low-carbon steel ar e carried out. In this paper,a new type of grey cast iron electrode is developed based on the practices in factories,its ingredients and properties are introduced.The w elding tests of grey cast iron and low-carbon steel are practiced.The joint str ucture of the dissimilar metal and the appearance of weld are observed.The hard ness distribution of the welded joint is tested.The results show that the elect rode can meet the welding requirements of the grey cast iron and low-carbon stee l.There are no cracksgas pores and other defects of metallurgy in welded join t,the appearance of welded joint are good.展开更多
This paper presents two possible construction methods that could be adopted in the Wenchuan post-earthquake reconstruction.One is the composite tubular construction and the other is FRP(Fibre Reinforced Polymer) retro...This paper presents two possible construction methods that could be adopted in the Wenchuan post-earthquake reconstruction.One is the composite tubular construction and the other is FRP(Fibre Reinforced Polymer) retrofitting technology.The background of these two methods,the existing research and relevance to Whenchuan post-earthquake reconstruction are described.展开更多
随着碳中和目标的推进,综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)以其多能耦合、能量梯级利用等优势,逐渐成为能源供应的重要发展方向。在具有差异化用能需求的多功能区IES之间实现协同规划与调度,对提高系统经济性、降低系统碳排放...随着碳中和目标的推进,综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)以其多能耦合、能量梯级利用等优势,逐渐成为能源供应的重要发展方向。在具有差异化用能需求的多功能区IES之间实现协同规划与调度,对提高系统经济性、降低系统碳排放有着重要作用。然而,由于碳捕集机组、多类型氢能利用设备等低碳元件的接入以及可再生能源发电的不断增加,随之而来的元件模型非凸性与系统内多类型不确定性对系统规划的影响亟需研究。对此,该文考虑了机组低碳改造和氢能多模式利用低碳特性,提出了一种针对多功能区综合能源系统的不确定性协同规划方法。首先,详细分析了多功能区供/用能特性与多能互补关系,构建了具有分区差异化特征的多功能区设备规划策略。其次,建立了低碳改造后的热电联产机组和氢能多模式利用设备的数学模型,并对其低碳特性进行了分析。基于此,为应对规划周期内系统低碳改造成本的不确定性和短期内可再生能源出力的不确定性,提出了一种混合长-短期不确定性的多功能区IES协同规划模型。通过基于二进制扩展的凸包线性化方法,对所提规划模型中的非线性约束进行凸化,并采用相应的迭代收缩求解算法实现模型的有效求解。最后,通过某实际多功能区IES算例进行仿真,结果验证了所提模型和所用算法的有效性。展开更多
基金Project(BK20160512)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(16YJCZH027)supported by the Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of ChinaProject(15GLC004)supported by the Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘In the travel process of urban residents,travelers will take a series of activities such as imitation and exclusion by observing other people’s travel modes,which affects their following trips.This process can be seen as a repeated game between members of the travelers.Based on the analysis of this game and its evolution trend,a multi-dimensional game model of low-carbon travel for residents is established.The two dimensional game strategies include whether to accept the low-carbon concept and whether to choose low-carbon travel.Combined with evolutionary game theory,the low-carbon travel choices of residents in different cities are simulated,and the evolutionary stability strategies are obtained.Finally,the influences of the main parameters of the model on the evolution process and stability strategies are discussed.The results show that travelers would develop towards two trends.Cities with more developed public traffic system have a higher proportion of receiving low-carbon concept and choosing low-carbon travel.Cities with underdeveloped public transport system could increase this proportion by some measures such as encouraging residents to choose slow transport and increasing the propaganda of low-carbon travel,but the positive effects of the measures like propaganda have a limited impact on the proportion.
基金Projects(50235030, 50505052) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to investigate the regularity of metal magnetic signals of ferromagnetic materials under the effect of applied load, the static tensile test of Q235 steel and 18CrNiWA steel plate specimens were conducted and metal magnetic memory signals of specimens were measured during the test process. The influencing factors of metal magnetic memory signals and the relationship between axial applied load and signals were analyzed. The fracture and microstructure of the specimens were observed. The results show that the magnetic signals corresponding to the measured points change linearly approximately with increasing axial load. The microstructure of Q235 steel is ferrite and perlite, whereas that of 18CrNiWA steel is bainite and low-carbon martensite. The fracture of these two kinds of specimens is ductile rupture; carbon content of specimen materials and dislocation glide give much contribution to the characteristics of magnetic curves.
基金Project (2009ZX07315-002-01) supported by Water Pollution Control and Management of Major Special Science and Technology
文摘Full scale experimental study on nitrogen removal for low-carbon wastewater was conducted in reversed A2/O process in Jiguanshi waste water treatment plant in Chongqing,in order to aid the operation and maintenance of similar WWTP. When the proposed measures,such as using 0.1% (volume fraction of wastewater) landfill leachate,shortening HRT by 2/3 in the primary sedimentation tank and controlling DO at 0.5 mg/L in the 3rd section of aerobic zone,are applied,15% of the carbon source can be complemented,the favorable property of activated sludge is achieved,and the nitrogen removal effect is significantly improved. The effluent NH3-N is 2 mg/L and the removal rate is 90%. The effluent TN is 17 mg/L and the removal rate is 54%. The up-to-standard discharge of the effluent is achieved. And after the optimization,the unit electricity consumption also reaches 0.21 kW/h and saves 20%.
基金Project(2006BAJ03A10) supported by the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China
文摘Aiming at a comprehensive assessment of energy-saving retrofitting effect on existing buildings,a calculation method is developed to adjust energy-saving quantity in standard condition for comparison under the same conditions. A mathematical model,method theory and calculation steps are given. Error analysis results show that this method can be applied accurately to practical engineering projects. In a case study of energy-saving quantity assessment before and after retrofitting on a certain hospital in Shanghai,with energy simulation software TRNSYS,detailed application of this method is introduced and analyzed. The method is applied to the case of energy-saving quantity assessment to a hospital in Shanghai before and after retrofitting with the energy simulation software TRNSYS.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation (71173035)Scientific and Technological Projects in Heilongjiang Province (GC10D206)Humanities and Social Science Project in Heilongjiang Province Department of Education (12514049)
文摘Based on the trace of origin and development process of low-carbon economy, the paper defined the concept of low- carbon agriculture. As a case, the development of low-carbon advantage and disadvantage of agriculture in Heilongjiang Province made a systematic analysis of factors; it based on the empirical and comparative analysis of low-carbon development in Heilongjiang Province and put forward countermeasures and suggestions of agriculture. At last, the low-carbon agriculture was prospected in the future.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[51778622]Social Development Project of Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province[BE2017780]Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation Youth Project[BK20190573]。
文摘Polyurea coating and carbon fibre reinforced polymer reinforcing techniques were applied to retrofit a severely damaged urban utility tunnel(UUT).The blast responses of the retrofitted UUT were investigated through in-filed explosion experimental tests,and the displacements,strains,accelerations,and damage were compared.The retrofitted UUT exhibited comparable or even better blast resistance than the intact UUT.Although the polyurea coating was flexible,it exhibited excellent performance in improving the blast resistance of the damaged UUT.As the UUT reinforced with basalt fibre reinforce polymer(BFRP)bars has smaller damage compared with the UUT reinforced with steel bars,its retrofitting is simple,and the cost is low.The roof was simplified as an elastically simple support one-way slab.Euler beam theory was adopted to analyse the dynamic responses of UUT roof considering the interaction between soil and structure,which agree well with the experiments in the first three cases.
文摘Grey cast iron’s welding itself is a complex proble m.So proper welding materials must be selected,complex welding techniques such as preheating before weldingslow cooling after welding etc,should be taken. However the carbon component in low-carbon steel is comparatively low,the carbo n of welded joint will diffuse to the low-carbon steel when it is welded with gr ey cast iron,which will cause the component of carbon greatly increased at the low-carbon steel side in HAZ,high carbon martensite and cracks will occur.If p reheating before weldingslow cooling after welding and other welding procedure are taken,the grey cast iron side can probably be qualified.But the carbon wi ll diffuse to HAZ of the low-carbon steel side more easily.Therefore after stud ying the weldabilities of grey cast iron and low-carbon steel,the author develo ped a new type of cast iron electrode considering the demands of factories’prac tices,and the welding technology test of grey cast iron and low-carbon steel ar e carried out. In this paper,a new type of grey cast iron electrode is developed based on the practices in factories,its ingredients and properties are introduced.The w elding tests of grey cast iron and low-carbon steel are practiced.The joint str ucture of the dissimilar metal and the appearance of weld are observed.The hard ness distribution of the welded joint is tested.The results show that the elect rode can meet the welding requirements of the grey cast iron and low-carbon stee l.There are no cracksgas pores and other defects of metallurgy in welded join t,the appearance of welded joint are good.
文摘This paper presents two possible construction methods that could be adopted in the Wenchuan post-earthquake reconstruction.One is the composite tubular construction and the other is FRP(Fibre Reinforced Polymer) retrofitting technology.The background of these two methods,the existing research and relevance to Whenchuan post-earthquake reconstruction are described.
文摘随着碳中和目标的推进,综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)以其多能耦合、能量梯级利用等优势,逐渐成为能源供应的重要发展方向。在具有差异化用能需求的多功能区IES之间实现协同规划与调度,对提高系统经济性、降低系统碳排放有着重要作用。然而,由于碳捕集机组、多类型氢能利用设备等低碳元件的接入以及可再生能源发电的不断增加,随之而来的元件模型非凸性与系统内多类型不确定性对系统规划的影响亟需研究。对此,该文考虑了机组低碳改造和氢能多模式利用低碳特性,提出了一种针对多功能区综合能源系统的不确定性协同规划方法。首先,详细分析了多功能区供/用能特性与多能互补关系,构建了具有分区差异化特征的多功能区设备规划策略。其次,建立了低碳改造后的热电联产机组和氢能多模式利用设备的数学模型,并对其低碳特性进行了分析。基于此,为应对规划周期内系统低碳改造成本的不确定性和短期内可再生能源出力的不确定性,提出了一种混合长-短期不确定性的多功能区IES协同规划模型。通过基于二进制扩展的凸包线性化方法,对所提规划模型中的非线性约束进行凸化,并采用相应的迭代收缩求解算法实现模型的有效求解。最后,通过某实际多功能区IES算例进行仿真,结果验证了所提模型和所用算法的有效性。
