In order to study the preferred skin color for printing images,two CMYK images from ISO 400 and one from iStock,including five skin color images of East Asian females was selected in this study.The images were adjuste...In order to study the preferred skin color for printing images,two CMYK images from ISO 400 and one from iStock,including five skin color images of East Asian females was selected in this study.The images were adjusted with the CMYK printing ink volume variation of the single,double and triple channels in the given 280%total ink limit conditions.A larger number of color vision normal observers were organized to carry out the color preference evaluation experiment,and the selected preferred skin colors were analyzed.The distribution range of the chromaticity values for skin color images were obtained and the results indicated that there are three regions for printing skin color preferences,and the observers have a memory preference for brighter,fairer skin colors in young female and a reddish skin colors in girl,which can provide the guidance for color adjustment of printed skin color images.展开更多
The emergence of various new services has posed a huge challenge to the existing network architecture.To improve the network delay and backhaul pressure,caching popular contents at the edge of network has been conside...The emergence of various new services has posed a huge challenge to the existing network architecture.To improve the network delay and backhaul pressure,caching popular contents at the edge of network has been considered as a feasible scheme.However,how to efficiently utilize the limited caching resources to cache diverse contents has been confirmed as a tough problem in the past decade.In this paper,considering the time-varying user requests and the heterogeneous content sizes,a user preference aware hierarchical cooperative caching strategy in edge-user caching architecture is proposed.We divide the caching strategy into three phases,that is,the content placement,the content delivery and the content update.In the content placement phase,a cooperative content placement algorithm for local content popularity is designed to cache contents proactively.In the content delivery phase,a cooperative delivery algorithm is proposed to deliver the cached contents.In the content update phase,a content update algorithm is proposed according to the popularity of the contents.Finally,the proposed caching strategy is validated using the MovieLens dataset,and the results reveal that the proposed strategy improves the delay performance by at least 35.3%compared with the other three benchmark strategies.展开更多
Since"it is impossible to speak English without an accent"(Wardhaugh 1998: 43), English accent has been attached first importance to both native and non-native speakers. This study aims to explore teenagers&...Since"it is impossible to speak English without an accent"(Wardhaugh 1998: 43), English accent has been attached first importance to both native and non-native speakers. This study aims to explore teenagers' understanding and attitudes toward differing English accents by investigating 19 international high school students' preferences toward five English audio samples(the same materials with different accents) in Chingmai International School, Thailand. On the basis of five audio samples and respondents' self-reported answers, the results show that British English, instead of"powerful"American English, emerges as the preferred accent. The results also indicate that the need to understand both accented and non-accented English is required for EFLs. Finally, teaching implications concerning pronunciation teaching in EFL classrooms are also put forward.展开更多
As a physical model, the cellular automata （CA） model is widely used in many areas, such as stair evacuation. However, existing CA models do not consider evacuees＇ walk preferences nor psychological status, and the...As a physical model, the cellular automata （CA） model is widely used in many areas, such as stair evacuation. However, existing CA models do not consider evacuees＇ walk preferences nor psychological status, and the structure of the basic model is unapplicable for the stair structure. This paper is to improve the stair evacuation simulation by addressing these issues, and a new cellular automata model is established. Several evacuees＇ walk preference and how evacuee＇s psychology influences their behaviors are introduced into this model. Evacuees＇ speeds will be influenced by these features. To validate this simulation, two fire drills held in two high-rise buildings are video-recorded. It is found that the simulation results are similar to the fire drill results. The structure of this model is simple, and it is easy to further develop and utilize in different buildings with various kinds of occupants.展开更多
We evaluated ten poplar clones （G-3, G-48, L-50/88, L- 154/84, L-156/89, S7C8, S7C15 WSL-22, WSL-29 and Uday） for ovi- positional preference and larval performance of Clostera restitura. Fe- male moths did not show ...We evaluated ten poplar clones （G-3, G-48, L-50/88, L- 154/84, L-156/89, S7C8, S7C15 WSL-22, WSL-29 and Uday） for ovi- positional preference and larval performance of Clostera restitura. Fe- male moths did not show any preference with respect to clones for ovi- position. Significant differences were observed for number of eggs laid on different plant parts. C. restitura laid eggs in clusters, preferably on upper surface of leaf and size of the egg cluster varied from 15 to 167 eggs. Clones varied for their relative resistance and susceptibility to C. restitura. L-50/88; L-156/89 were identified as most resistant clone based on minimum leaf consumption, whereas S7C15 was found to be most susceptible clone to C. restitura. In multiple choice experiments, no feeding preference by C. restitura larvae was detected amongst different poplar clones. After initial settlement of larvae on a particular clone, the larvae remained confined to that clone and negligible inter-clonal move- ment was noticed subsequently. The fresh pupal weight was correlated negatively （r = -0.37） with percentage surface leaf area eaten and positively （r = 0.47） with length of larval period, measured on different clones. Relationship between percentage leaf area eaten and length of larval period was negative （r = -0.23）. Owing to relative resistance of L- 50/88 and L-156/89 against C. restitura, these clones can be recom- mended for plantation in defoliator prone areas in north-western India.展开更多
This paper proposes and validates a modified cellular automata model for determining interaction rate （i.e. number of car-following/overtaking instances） using traffic flow data measured in the field. The proposed m...This paper proposes and validates a modified cellular automata model for determining interaction rate （i.e. number of car-following/overtaking instances） using traffic flow data measured in the field. The proposed model considers lateral position preference by each vehicle type and introduces a position preference parameter fl in the model which facilitates gradual drifting towards preferred position on road, even if the gap in front is sufficient. Additionally, the model also improves upon the conven- tional model by calculating safe front and back gap dynamically based on speed and deceleration properties of leader and follower vehicles. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the effect of β on vehicular interac- tions and the model was calibrated and validated using interaction rates observed in the field. Paired tests were conducted to determine the determining interaction rates validity of the model in Results of the simulations show that there is a parabolic relationship between area occupancy and interaction rate of different vehicle types. The model performed satisfactorily as the simulated interaction rate between different vehicle types were found to be statistically similar to those observed in field. Also, as expected, the interaction rate between light motor vehicles （LMVs） and heavy motor vehicles （HMVs） were found to be higher than that between LMVs and three wheelers because LMVs and HMVs share the same lane. This could not be done using conventional CA models as lateral movement rules were dictated by only speeds and gaps. So, in conventional models, the vehicles would end up in positions which are not realistic. The position preference parameter introduced in this model motivates vehicles to stay in their preferred positions. This study demonstrates the use of interaction rate as a measure to validate micro- scopic traffic flow models.展开更多
The preference analysis is a class of important issues in multi-criteria ordinal decision making.The rough set is an effective approach to handle preference analysis.In order to solve the multi-criteria preference ana...The preference analysis is a class of important issues in multi-criteria ordinal decision making.The rough set is an effective approach to handle preference analysis.In order to solve the multi-criteria preference analysis problems,this paper improves the preference relation rough set model and expands it to multi-granulation cases.Cost is also an important issue in the field of decision analysis.Taking the cost into consideration,we also expand the model to the cost sensitive multi-granulation preference relation rough set.Some theorems are represented,and the granule structure selection based on approximation quality is investigated.The experimental results show that the multi-granulation preference rough set approach with the consideration of cost has a better performance in granule structure selection than that without cost consideration.展开更多
The Asian longhorned beetle （ALB）, Anoplophora glabripennis （Motschulsky） is a polyphagous woodborer of hardwood trees. In order to well understand the oviposition preference of A. glabripennis emerging from diffe...The Asian longhorned beetle （ALB）, Anoplophora glabripennis （Motschulsky） is a polyphagous woodborer of hardwood trees. In order to well understand the oviposition preference of A. glabripennis emerging from different larval host tree species, we selected five common host tree species in the field and evaluated its oviposition preferences. The five host tree species are Acer negundo （AN）, Salix matsudana f. lobato-glandulosa （SM）, Populus nigra L. var. thevestina （Dode） Bean （PN）, P. simonii × P. pyramidalis cv. Opera 8277 （PS） and P. alba var. pyramidalis （PA）. Results show that adult beetles emerging from these five tree species almost have the same oviposition phenomenon. All adult beetles, except those emerging from PS, chewed the highest potential sites and laid most eggs on AN trees. Adult beetles emerging from AN, PN, PS and PA did not chew any sites nor laid any eggs on PA trees. These results showed that adult A. glabripennis emerging from the five host tree species did not show any clear oviposition preference for their larval host tree species in the field but they did present the most obvious preference for AN and the lowest preference for PA.展开更多
To accurately describe the evolving features of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and to improve the performance of such networks, an evolving topology model with local-area preference is proposed. The aim of the model,...To accurately describe the evolving features of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and to improve the performance of such networks, an evolving topology model with local-area preference is proposed. The aim of the model, which is analyzed by the mean field theory, is to optimize network structures based on users' behaviors in MANETs. The analysis results indicate that the network generated by this evolving model is a kind of scale-free network. This evolving model can improve the fault-tolerance performance of networks by balancing the connectivity and two factors, i.e., the remaining energy and the distance to nodes. The simulation results show that the evolving topology model has superior performance in reducing the traffic load and the energy consumption, prolonging network lifetime and improving the scalability of networks. It is an available approach for establishing and analyzing actual MANETs.展开更多
In this work, we make an investigation on the preferences of orientations between amino acids using the orientation defined based on the local geometry of the amino acids concerned. It is found that there are common p...In this work, we make an investigation on the preferences of orientations between amino acids using the orientation defined based on the local geometry of the amino acids concerned. It is found that there are common preferences of orientations （70°, 30°, 140°） and （110°, 340°, 100°） for various pairs of amino acids. Different side chains may strengthen or weaken the common preferences, which is related to the effect of packing. Some amino acids having specific local flexibility may possess some preferences of orientations besides the common ones, such as （10°, 280°, 210°）. Another analysis on the pairs of the amino acids with different secondary-structure preferences shows that the directional interaction may affect the distribution of orientation more effectively than the packing or local flexibility. All these results provide us some insight of the organization of amino acids in protein, and their relation with some related interactions.展开更多
This paper investigates the structural stability of intermetallics R3Ni13-xCoxB2 （R=Y, Nd and Sm） with Nd3Ni13B2-type structure and the site preferences of the transition element Co by using a series of interatomic ...This paper investigates the structural stability of intermetallics R3Ni13-xCoxB2 （R=Y, Nd and Sm） with Nd3Ni13B2-type structure and the site preferences of the transition element Co by using a series of interatomic pair potentials. The space group remains unchanged upon substitution of Co for Ni in R3Ni13-xCoxB2 and the calculated lattice constants are found to agree with reports in literatures. The calculated cohesive energy curves show that Co atoms substitute for Ni with a strong preference for the 3g sites and the order of site preference is 3g, 4h and 6i. Moreover, the total and partial phonon densities of states are first evaluated for the R3Ni13B2 compounds with the hexagonal Nd3Nil3B2-type structure.展开更多
The effects of Fe substitution for Co on the structural stability and the site preference of intermetallics Nd2CoT-xFex with a hexagonal Ce2NiT-type structure are studied by using a series of interatomic pair potentia...The effects of Fe substitution for Co on the structural stability and the site preference of intermetallics Nd2CoT-xFex with a hexagonal Ce2NiT-type structure are studied by using a series of interatomic pair potentials. In Nd2CoT-xFex, Fe atoms are substituted for Co atoms with a strong preference for the 6h sites and the order of site preference is 6h, 4e, 4f, 2a, and 12k. Calculated lattice parameters are found to be consistent with the reported results in the literature. The variation behaviour of the Curie temperature of Nd2CoT-xFex is explained qualitatively by the exchange interaction model. The properties related to lattice vibration, such as phonon density of states and Debye temperature, are first evaluated for the Nd2Co7 xFex compounds.展开更多
The site preferences of the rare earth intermetallics Nd6Fe13-xTxSi（T = Co, Ni） are investigated by using interatomic pair potentials which are converted from a lattice-inversion method. Calculation shows that the o...The site preferences of the rare earth intermetallics Nd6Fe13-xTxSi（T = Co, Ni） are investigated by using interatomic pair potentials which are converted from a lattice-inversion method. Calculation shows that the order of the site preference of Co is 4d, 16 k, 16l1, and 16l2 and that of Ni is 16l2, 16l1, 16 k, and 4d in Nd6Fe13-xTxSi. Calculated lattice and positional parameters are found to agree with those reported in the literature. Furthermore, the phonon density of states for Nd6Fe13-xTxSiis also evaluated, and a qualitative analysis featuring the coordination and the relevant potentials is carried out.展开更多
Game theory is extensively used to study strategy-making and actions of play- ers. The authors proposed an analysis method for study the evolutionary outcome and behaviors of players with preference in iterated priso...Game theory is extensively used to study strategy-making and actions of play- ers. The authors proposed an analysis method for study the evolutionary outcome and behaviors of players with preference in iterated prisoner＇s dilemma. In this article, a preference parameter k was introduced in the payoff matrix, wherein the value of k denotes the player＇s degree of egoism and altruism （preference）. Then, a game-theoretic dynamical model was formulated using Birth-and-Death process. The authors studied how preference influences the evolutionary equilibrium and behaviors of players. The authors get the general results： egoism leads to defection, and altruism can make players build trust and maintain cooperation, and so, the hope of the Pareto optimal solution. In the end, the simulation experiments proved the efficiency of the method.展开更多
To avoid payment risks, 5 widely used payment terms in international trade practice are analyzed quantitatively. The final choice of a payment term in export business is a representation of the transactional ‘Win Wi...To avoid payment risks, 5 widely used payment terms in international trade practice are analyzed quantitatively. The final choice of a payment term in export business is a representation of the transactional ‘Win Win’ principle as well as moderate compromises made by importer and exporter between self protection and acceptability to the other party. The initial assessment is conducted first on decision makers preference and understanding of possible results of each objective. Then, aggregated preference relations are obtained by weighting each objective as per its relative importance and calculating preference indicators. Finally, ranking is made according to the preference indicators.展开更多
To study the incentive mechanisms of cooperation, we propose a preference rewarding mechanism in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma game, which simultaneously considers reputational preference, other-regarding preference...To study the incentive mechanisms of cooperation, we propose a preference rewarding mechanism in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma game, which simultaneously considers reputational preference, other-regarding preference and the dynamic adjustment of vertex weight. The vertex weight of a player is adaptively adjusted according to the comparison result of his own reputation and the average reputation value of his immediate neighbors. Players are inclined to pay a personal cost to reward the cooperative neighbor with the greatest vertex weight. The vertex weight of a player is proportional to the preference rewards he can obtain from direct neighbors. We find that the preference rewarding mechanism significantly facilitates the evolution of cooperation, and the dynamic adjustment of vertex weight has powerful effect on the emergence of cooperative behavior. To validate multiple effects, strategy distribution and the average payoff and fitness of players are discussed in a microcosmic view.展开更多
Public opinion and consumer preferences are among the various constraints on the rollout of automated cars, as they will affect the decision-making of both automotive industry actors and public-sector regulators. This...Public opinion and consumer preferences are among the various constraints on the rollout of automated cars, as they will affect the decision-making of both automotive industry actors and public-sector regulators. This study contributes to the growing body of the literature regarding this issue, through a moderate-scale survey （n = 370） that incorporated both prioritization/attitudinal questions （regarding public opinion） and a stated-prefer- ence module （to identify consumer preferences）. The sur- vey protocol includes a stated-preference approach to investigate consumers＇ preferences for the possibility of very high rates of speed in automated cars on long-distance journeys. We found separately identifiable effects for average travel speeds （manifested as journey duration） and maximum travel speed in the stated-preference scenarios. In the ＇prioritization＇ component of the survey, respondents ranked having the ＇highest possible level of safety＇ as the single most important benefit that they would like auto- mated cars to deliver, ahead of benefits such as being able to performing activities while traveling or having traffic congestion reduced. This result has consequences for the car-following distances that are programmed into the control algorithms of automated cars. Documenting this finding is important, as decisions must be made in the near future by driving-algorithm designers, public-sector regu- lators, and ultimately the judiciary regarding the guidelines for acceptable automated driving-behavior instructions.展开更多
Through an event-related potential（ERP）study, we examined the processing mechanisms of four types of Chinese（Mandarin） relative clauses（RCs）,namely subject subject-extracted relative clause（SSR）,subject object...Through an event-related potential（ERP）study, we examined the processing mechanisms of four types of Chinese（Mandarin） relative clauses（RCs）,namely subject subject-extracted relative clause（SSR）,subject object-extracted relative clause（SOR）, object subject-extracted relative clause（OSR）, and object object-extracted relative clause（OOR） to test the universality and language specificity of RC comprehension processes. The results of this study support a preference for object-extracted RCs modifying both the subject and object of a sentence, i.e.,SORs and OORs. In particular, ERP results showed stronger P600 effects in the RC region for SSRs compared with SORs, which we argue reflects a canonical word order theory. Stronger N400 effects were observed for verbs compared with nouns, reflecting easier understanding for nouns. ERP results from the matrix clause object and the relativizer “de” showed stronger P600 effects in SSRs compared with SORs,suggesting thematic structure effects on syntactic construction and the processing preference of the whole sentence.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the utility representation problem of preferences,Sev-eral representation theorems are obtained on general choice spaces.Preferences having continuous utility functions are c...The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the utility representation problem of preferences,Sev-eral representation theorems are obtained on general choice spaces.Preferences having continuous utility functions are characterized by their continuities and countable satiation.It is showed that on a pairwise separable choice space,the sufficient and necessary condition for a preference to be represented by a contin-uous utility function is that the preference is continuous and countably satiable.For monotone prefer-ences,we obtain that any space has continuous utility representations.展开更多
文摘In order to study the preferred skin color for printing images,two CMYK images from ISO 400 and one from iStock,including five skin color images of East Asian females was selected in this study.The images were adjusted with the CMYK printing ink volume variation of the single,double and triple channels in the given 280%total ink limit conditions.A larger number of color vision normal observers were organized to carry out the color preference evaluation experiment,and the selected preferred skin colors were analyzed.The distribution range of the chromaticity values for skin color images were obtained and the results indicated that there are three regions for printing skin color preferences,and the observers have a memory preference for brighter,fairer skin colors in young female and a reddish skin colors in girl,which can provide the guidance for color adjustment of printed skin color images.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 61901070,61801065,62271096,61871062,U20A20157 and 62061007)in part by the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant KJQN202000603 and KJQN201900611)+3 种基金in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant CSTB2022NSCQMSX0468,cstc2020jcyjzdxmX0024 and cstc2021jcyjmsxmX0892)in part by University Innovation Research Group of Chongqing(Grant CxQT20017)in part by Youth Innovation Group Support Program of ICE Discipline of CQUPT(SCIE-QN-2022-04)in part by the Chongqing Graduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Project(CYB22246)。
文摘The emergence of various new services has posed a huge challenge to the existing network architecture.To improve the network delay and backhaul pressure,caching popular contents at the edge of network has been considered as a feasible scheme.However,how to efficiently utilize the limited caching resources to cache diverse contents has been confirmed as a tough problem in the past decade.In this paper,considering the time-varying user requests and the heterogeneous content sizes,a user preference aware hierarchical cooperative caching strategy in edge-user caching architecture is proposed.We divide the caching strategy into three phases,that is,the content placement,the content delivery and the content update.In the content placement phase,a cooperative content placement algorithm for local content popularity is designed to cache contents proactively.In the content delivery phase,a cooperative delivery algorithm is proposed to deliver the cached contents.In the content update phase,a content update algorithm is proposed according to the popularity of the contents.Finally,the proposed caching strategy is validated using the MovieLens dataset,and the results reveal that the proposed strategy improves the delay performance by at least 35.3%compared with the other three benchmark strategies.
文摘Since"it is impossible to speak English without an accent"(Wardhaugh 1998: 43), English accent has been attached first importance to both native and non-native speakers. This study aims to explore teenagers' understanding and attitudes toward differing English accents by investigating 19 international high school students' preferences toward five English audio samples(the same materials with different accents) in Chingmai International School, Thailand. On the basis of five audio samples and respondents' self-reported answers, the results show that British English, instead of"powerful"American English, emerges as the preferred accent. The results also indicate that the need to understand both accented and non-accented English is required for EFLs. Finally, teaching implications concerning pronunciation teaching in EFL classrooms are also put forward.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB719705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91224008,91024032,and 71373139)
文摘As a physical model, the cellular automata （CA） model is widely used in many areas, such as stair evacuation. However, existing CA models do not consider evacuees＇ walk preferences nor psychological status, and the structure of the basic model is unapplicable for the stair structure. This paper is to improve the stair evacuation simulation by addressing these issues, and a new cellular automata model is established. Several evacuees＇ walk preference and how evacuee＇s psychology influences their behaviors are introduced into this model. Evacuees＇ speeds will be influenced by these features. To validate this simulation, two fire drills held in two high-rise buildings are video-recorded. It is found that the simulation results are similar to the fire drill results. The structure of this model is simple, and it is easy to further develop and utilize in different buildings with various kinds of occupants.
文摘We evaluated ten poplar clones （G-3, G-48, L-50/88, L- 154/84, L-156/89, S7C8, S7C15 WSL-22, WSL-29 and Uday） for ovi- positional preference and larval performance of Clostera restitura. Fe- male moths did not show any preference with respect to clones for ovi- position. Significant differences were observed for number of eggs laid on different plant parts. C. restitura laid eggs in clusters, preferably on upper surface of leaf and size of the egg cluster varied from 15 to 167 eggs. Clones varied for their relative resistance and susceptibility to C. restitura. L-50/88; L-156/89 were identified as most resistant clone based on minimum leaf consumption, whereas S7C15 was found to be most susceptible clone to C. restitura. In multiple choice experiments, no feeding preference by C. restitura larvae was detected amongst different poplar clones. After initial settlement of larvae on a particular clone, the larvae remained confined to that clone and negligible inter-clonal move- ment was noticed subsequently. The fresh pupal weight was correlated negatively （r = -0.37） with percentage surface leaf area eaten and positively （r = 0.47） with length of larval period, measured on different clones. Relationship between percentage leaf area eaten and length of larval period was negative （r = -0.23）. Owing to relative resistance of L- 50/88 and L-156/89 against C. restitura, these clones can be recom- mended for plantation in defoliator prone areas in north-western India.
文摘This paper proposes and validates a modified cellular automata model for determining interaction rate （i.e. number of car-following/overtaking instances） using traffic flow data measured in the field. The proposed model considers lateral position preference by each vehicle type and introduces a position preference parameter fl in the model which facilitates gradual drifting towards preferred position on road, even if the gap in front is sufficient. Additionally, the model also improves upon the conven- tional model by calculating safe front and back gap dynamically based on speed and deceleration properties of leader and follower vehicles. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the effect of β on vehicular interac- tions and the model was calibrated and validated using interaction rates observed in the field. Paired tests were conducted to determine the determining interaction rates validity of the model in Results of the simulations show that there is a parabolic relationship between area occupancy and interaction rate of different vehicle types. The model performed satisfactorily as the simulated interaction rate between different vehicle types were found to be statistically similar to those observed in field. Also, as expected, the interaction rate between light motor vehicles （LMVs） and heavy motor vehicles （HMVs） were found to be higher than that between LMVs and three wheelers because LMVs and HMVs share the same lane. This could not be done using conventional CA models as lateral movement rules were dictated by only speeds and gaps. So, in conventional models, the vehicles would end up in positions which are not realistic. The position preference parameter introduced in this model motivates vehicles to stay in their preferred positions. This study demonstrates the use of interaction rate as a measure to validate micro- scopic traffic flow models.
基金supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Sichuan Province under Grant No.12ZA178Key Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province under Grant No.2015GZ0102+1 种基金Science and Technology Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission under Grant No.KJ1400407Chongqing Science and Technology Commission Project under Grant No.cstc2014jcyj A10051
文摘The preference analysis is a class of important issues in multi-criteria ordinal decision making.The rough set is an effective approach to handle preference analysis.In order to solve the multi-criteria preference analysis problems,this paper improves the preference relation rough set model and expands it to multi-granulation cases.Cost is also an important issue in the field of decision analysis.Taking the cost into consideration,we also expand the model to the cost sensitive multi-granulation preference relation rough set.Some theorems are represented,and the granule structure selection based on approximation quality is investigated.The experimental results show that the multi-granulation preference rough set approach with the consideration of cost has a better performance in granule structure selection than that without cost consideration.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 30571503） the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities （IRT0607）.
文摘The Asian longhorned beetle （ALB）, Anoplophora glabripennis （Motschulsky） is a polyphagous woodborer of hardwood trees. In order to well understand the oviposition preference of A. glabripennis emerging from different larval host tree species, we selected five common host tree species in the field and evaluated its oviposition preferences. The five host tree species are Acer negundo （AN）, Salix matsudana f. lobato-glandulosa （SM）, Populus nigra L. var. thevestina （Dode） Bean （PN）, P. simonii × P. pyramidalis cv. Opera 8277 （PS） and P. alba var. pyramidalis （PA）. Results show that adult beetles emerging from these five tree species almost have the same oviposition phenomenon. All adult beetles, except those emerging from PS, chewed the highest potential sites and laid most eggs on AN trees. Adult beetles emerging from AN, PN, PS and PA did not chew any sites nor laid any eggs on PA trees. These results showed that adult A. glabripennis emerging from the five host tree species did not show any clear oviposition preference for their larval host tree species in the field but they did present the most obvious preference for AN and the lowest preference for PA.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project under Grant No. 2012ZX03004001the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60971083
文摘To accurately describe the evolving features of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and to improve the performance of such networks, an evolving topology model with local-area preference is proposed. The aim of the model, which is analyzed by the mean field theory, is to optimize network structures based on users' behaviors in MANETs. The analysis results indicate that the network generated by this evolving model is a kind of scale-free network. This evolving model can improve the fault-tolerance performance of networks by balancing the connectivity and two factors, i.e., the remaining energy and the distance to nodes. The simulation results show that the evolving topology model has superior performance in reducing the traffic load and the energy consumption, prolonging network lifetime and improving the scalability of networks. It is an available approach for establishing and analyzing actual MANETs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 10204013, 90103031, 10074030, 10474041, 90403120 and 10021001）, and the Nonlinear Project （973） of the National Science Ministry, China.
文摘In this work, we make an investigation on the preferences of orientations between amino acids using the orientation defined based on the local geometry of the amino acids concerned. It is found that there are common preferences of orientations （70°, 30°, 140°） and （110°, 340°, 100°） for various pairs of amino acids. Different side chains may strengthen or weaken the common preferences, which is related to the effect of packing. Some amino acids having specific local flexibility may possess some preferences of orientations besides the common ones, such as （10°, 280°, 210°）. Another analysis on the pairs of the amino acids with different secondary-structure preferences shows that the directional interaction may affect the distribution of orientation more effectively than the packing or local flexibility. All these results provide us some insight of the organization of amino acids in protein, and their relation with some related interactions.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB605101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50971024)
文摘This paper investigates the structural stability of intermetallics R3Ni13-xCoxB2 （R=Y, Nd and Sm） with Nd3Ni13B2-type structure and the site preferences of the transition element Co by using a series of interatomic pair potentials. The space group remains unchanged upon substitution of Co for Ni in R3Ni13-xCoxB2 and the calculated lattice constants are found to agree with reports in literatures. The calculated cohesive energy curves show that Co atoms substitute for Ni with a strong preference for the 3g sites and the order of site preference is 3g, 4h and 6i. Moreover, the total and partial phonon densities of states are first evaluated for the R3Ni13B2 compounds with the hexagonal Nd3Nil3B2-type structure.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50971024)
文摘The effects of Fe substitution for Co on the structural stability and the site preference of intermetallics Nd2CoT-xFex with a hexagonal Ce2NiT-type structure are studied by using a series of interatomic pair potentials. In Nd2CoT-xFex, Fe atoms are substituted for Co atoms with a strong preference for the 6h sites and the order of site preference is 6h, 4e, 4f, 2a, and 12k. Calculated lattice parameters are found to be consistent with the reported results in the literature. The variation behaviour of the Curie temperature of Nd2CoT-xFex is explained qualitatively by the exchange interaction model. The properties related to lattice vibration, such as phonon density of states and Debye temperature, are first evaluated for the Nd2Co7 xFex compounds.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11272048 and 50971024)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB606401)
文摘The site preferences of the rare earth intermetallics Nd6Fe13-xTxSi（T = Co, Ni） are investigated by using interatomic pair potentials which are converted from a lattice-inversion method. Calculation shows that the order of the site preference of Co is 4d, 16 k, 16l1, and 16l2 and that of Ni is 16l2, 16l1, 16 k, and 4d in Nd6Fe13-xTxSi. Calculated lattice and positional parameters are found to agree with those reported in the literature. Furthermore, the phonon density of states for Nd6Fe13-xTxSiis also evaluated, and a qualitative analysis featuring the coordination and the relevant potentials is carried out.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(60574071)
文摘Game theory is extensively used to study strategy-making and actions of play- ers. The authors proposed an analysis method for study the evolutionary outcome and behaviors of players with preference in iterated prisoner＇s dilemma. In this article, a preference parameter k was introduced in the payoff matrix, wherein the value of k denotes the player＇s degree of egoism and altruism （preference）. Then, a game-theoretic dynamical model was formulated using Birth-and-Death process. The authors studied how preference influences the evolutionary equilibrium and behaviors of players. The authors get the general results： egoism leads to defection, and altruism can make players build trust and maintain cooperation, and so, the hope of the Pareto optimal solution. In the end, the simulation experiments proved the efficiency of the method.
文摘To avoid payment risks, 5 widely used payment terms in international trade practice are analyzed quantitatively. The final choice of a payment term in export business is a representation of the transactional ‘Win Win’ principle as well as moderate compromises made by importer and exporter between self protection and acceptability to the other party. The initial assessment is conducted first on decision makers preference and understanding of possible results of each objective. Then, aggregated preference relations are obtained by weighting each objective as per its relative importance and calculating preference indicators. Finally, ranking is made according to the preference indicators.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62062049)the Social Science Project of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20YJCZH212)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(Grant No.20JR5RA390).
文摘To study the incentive mechanisms of cooperation, we propose a preference rewarding mechanism in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma game, which simultaneously considers reputational preference, other-regarding preference and the dynamic adjustment of vertex weight. The vertex weight of a player is adaptively adjusted according to the comparison result of his own reputation and the average reputation value of his immediate neighbors. Players are inclined to pay a personal cost to reward the cooperative neighbor with the greatest vertex weight. The vertex weight of a player is proportional to the preference rewards he can obtain from direct neighbors. We find that the preference rewarding mechanism significantly facilitates the evolution of cooperation, and the dynamic adjustment of vertex weight has powerful effect on the emergence of cooperative behavior. To validate multiple effects, strategy distribution and the average payoff and fitness of players are discussed in a microcosmic view.
基金SUNY New Paltz’s SURE program for financial supportsupport of the University Transportation Research Center,Region 2(Grant#49997-53-25,titled:Empirical Aspects of Autonomous Cars)
文摘Public opinion and consumer preferences are among the various constraints on the rollout of automated cars, as they will affect the decision-making of both automotive industry actors and public-sector regulators. This study contributes to the growing body of the literature regarding this issue, through a moderate-scale survey （n = 370） that incorporated both prioritization/attitudinal questions （regarding public opinion） and a stated-prefer- ence module （to identify consumer preferences）. The sur- vey protocol includes a stated-preference approach to investigate consumers＇ preferences for the possibility of very high rates of speed in automated cars on long-distance journeys. We found separately identifiable effects for average travel speeds （manifested as journey duration） and maximum travel speed in the stated-preference scenarios. In the ＇prioritization＇ component of the survey, respondents ranked having the ＇highest possible level of safety＇ as the single most important benefit that they would like auto- mated cars to deliver, ahead of benefits such as being able to performing activities while traveling or having traffic congestion reduced. This result has consequences for the car-following distances that are programmed into the control algorithms of automated cars. Documenting this finding is important, as decisions must be made in the near future by driving-algorithm designers, public-sector regu- lators, and ultimately the judiciary regarding the guidelines for acceptable automated driving-behavior instructions.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China under Grant No.13BYY072
文摘Through an event-related potential（ERP）study, we examined the processing mechanisms of four types of Chinese（Mandarin） relative clauses（RCs）,namely subject subject-extracted relative clause（SSR）,subject object-extracted relative clause（SOR）, object subject-extracted relative clause（OSR）, and object object-extracted relative clause（OOR） to test the universality and language specificity of RC comprehension processes. The results of this study support a preference for object-extracted RCs modifying both the subject and object of a sentence, i.e.,SORs and OORs. In particular, ERP results showed stronger P600 effects in the RC region for SSRs compared with SORs, which we argue reflects a canonical word order theory. Stronger N400 effects were observed for verbs compared with nouns, reflecting easier understanding for nouns. ERP results from the matrix clause object and the relativizer “de” showed stronger P600 effects in SSRs compared with SORs,suggesting thematic structure effects on syntactic construction and the processing preference of the whole sentence.
基金This work is supported by the natural science foundation.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the utility representation problem of preferences,Sev-eral representation theorems are obtained on general choice spaces.Preferences having continuous utility functions are characterized by their continuities and countable satiation.It is showed that on a pairwise separable choice space,the sufficient and necessary condition for a preference to be represented by a contin-uous utility function is that the preference is continuous and countably satiable.For monotone prefer-ences,we obtain that any space has continuous utility representations.
