Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with organic electrodes are an emerging research direction due to the sustainability of organic materials based on elements like C,H,O,and sodium ions.Currently,organic electrode materials ...Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with organic electrodes are an emerging research direction due to the sustainability of organic materials based on elements like C,H,O,and sodium ions.Currently,organic electrode materials for SIBs are mainly used as cathodes because of their relatively high redox potentials(>1 V).Organic electrodes with low redox potential that can be used as anode are rare.Herein,a novel organic anode material (tetrasodium 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylate,Na_(4)TDC) has been developed with low redox potential (<0.7 V) and excellent cyclic stability.Its three-sodium storage mechanism was demonstrated with various in-situ/ex-situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations,showing a high capacity of 208 mAh/g and an average decay rate of merely 0.022%per cycle.Moreover,the Na_(4)TDC-hard carbon composite can further acquire improved capacity and cycling stability for 1200 cycles even with a high mass loading of up to 20 mg cm^(-2).By pairing with a thick Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode (20.6 mg cm^(-2)),the as-fabricated full cell exhibited high operating voltage (2.8 V),excellent rate performance and cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 88.7% after 200 cycles,well highlighting the Na_(4)TDC anode material for SIBs.展开更多
Poor Li plating reversibility and high thermal runaway risks are key challenges for fast charging lithiumion batteries with graphite anodes.Herein,a dielectric and fire-resistant separator based on hybrid nanofibers o...Poor Li plating reversibility and high thermal runaway risks are key challenges for fast charging lithiumion batteries with graphite anodes.Herein,a dielectric and fire-resistant separator based on hybrid nanofibers of barium sulfate(BS)and bacterial cellulose(BC)is developed to synchronously enhance the battery's fast charging and thermal-safety performances.The regulation mechanism of the dielectric BS/BC separator in enhancing the Li^(+)ion transport and Li plating reversibility is revealed.(1)The Max-Wagner polarization electric field of the dielectric BS/BC separator can accelerate the desolvation of solvated Li^(+)ions,enhancing their transport kinetics.(2)Moreover,due to the charge balancing effect,the dielectric BS/BC separator homogenizes the electric field/Li^(+)ion flux at the graphite anode-separator interface,facilitating uniform Li plating and suppressing Li dendrite growth.Consequently,the fast-charge graphite anode with the BS/BC separator shows higher Coulombic efficiency(99.0%vs.96.9%)and longer cycling lifespan(100 cycles vs.59 cycles)than that with the polypropylene(PP)separator in the constantlithiation cycling test at 2 mA cm^(-2).The high-loading LiFePO4(15.5 mg cm^(-2))//graphite(7.5 mg cm^(-2))full cell with the BS/BC separator exhibits excellent fast charging performance,retaining 70%of its capacity after 500 cycles at a high rate of 2C,which is significantly better than that of the cell with the PP separator(retaining only 27%of its capacity after 500 cycles).More importantly,the thermally stable BS/BC separator effectively elevates the critical temperature and reduces the heat release rate during thermal runaway,thereby significantly enhancing the battery's safety.展开更多
Distinct from"rockingchair"lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the unique anionic intercalation chemistry on the cathode side of dual-ion batteries(DIBs)endows them with intrinsic advantages of low cost,high voltage...Distinct from"rockingchair"lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the unique anionic intercalation chemistry on the cathode side of dual-ion batteries(DIBs)endows them with intrinsic advantages of low cost,high voltage,and ecofriendly,which is attracting widespread attention,and is expected to achieve the next generation of large-scale energy storage applications.Although the electrochemical reactions on the anode side of DIBs are similar to that of LIBs,in fact,to match the rapid insertion kinetics of anions on the cathode side and consider the compatibility with electrolyte system which also serves as an active material,the anode materials play a very important role,and there is an urgent demand for rational structural design and performance optimization.A review and summarization of previous studies will facilitate the exploration and optimization of DIBs in the future.Here,we summarize the development process and working mechanism of DIBs and exhaustively categorize the latest research of DIBs anode materials and their applications in different battery systems.Moreover,the structural design,reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance of anode materials are briefly discussed.Finally,the fundamental challenges,potential strategies and perspectives are also put forward.It is hoped that this review could shed some light for researchers to explore more superior anode materials and advanced systems to further promote the development of DIBs.展开更多
Developing reliable and efficient anode materials is essential for the successfully practical application of sodium-ion batteries.Herein,employing a straightforward and rapid chemical vapor deposition technique,two-di...Developing reliable and efficient anode materials is essential for the successfully practical application of sodium-ion batteries.Herein,employing a straightforward and rapid chemical vapor deposition technique,two-dimensional layered ternary indium phosphorus sulfide(In_(2)P_(3)S_(9)) nanosheets are prepared.The layered structure and ternary composition of the In_(2)P_(3)S_(9) electrode result in impressive electrochemical performance,including a high reversible capacity of 704 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1),an outstanding rate capability with 425 mA h g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1),and an exceptional cycling stability with a capacity retention of88% after 350 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).Furthermore,sodium-ion full cell also affords a high capacity of 308 and114 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 and 5 A g^(-1).Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy tests are conducted to investigate the underlying Na-storage mechanism of In_(2)P_(3)S_(9).The results reveal that during the first cycle,the P-S bond is broken to form the elemental P and In_(2)S_(3),collectively contributing to a remarkably high reversible specific capacity.The excellent electrochemical energy storage results corroborate the practical application potential of In_(2)P_(3)S_(9) for sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Due to its low cost and natural abundance of sodium,Na-ion batteries(NIBs)are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems.The development of ultralow voltage anode materials is of great significance in...Due to its low cost and natural abundance of sodium,Na-ion batteries(NIBs)are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems.The development of ultralow voltage anode materials is of great significance in improving the energy density of NIBs.Low-voltage anode materials,however,are severely lacking in NIBs.Of all the reported insertion oxides anodes,the Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) has the lowest operating voltage(an average potential of 0.3 V vs.Na^(+)/Na)and is less likely to deposit sodium,which has excellent potential for achieving NIBs with high energy densities and high safety.Although significant progress has been made,achieving Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) electrodes with excellent performance remains a severe challenge.This paper systematically summarizes and discusses the physicochemical properties and synthesis methods of Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7).Then,the sodium storage mechanisms,key issues and challenges,and the optimization strategies for the electrochemical performance of Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) are classified and further elaborated.Finally,remaining challenges and future research directions on the Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) anode are highlighted.This review offers insights into the design of high-energy and high-safety NIBs.展开更多
Silicon （Si） has been considered as one of the most promising anode material for tHe next generation lithium-ion batteries （LIBs） with high energy densities, due to its high theoretical capacity, abundant availabi...Silicon （Si） has been considered as one of the most promising anode material for tHe next generation lithium-ion batteries （LIBs） with high energy densities, due to its high theoretical capacity, abundant availability and environmental friendliness. However. silicon materials with low intrinsic electric and ionic conductivity suffer from huge volume variation during lithiation/delithiation processes leading to the pulverization of Si and subsequently resulting in severe capacity fading of the electrodes. Coupling of Si with carbon （C） realizes a favorable combination of the two materials properties, such as high lithiation capacity of Si and excellent mechanical and conductive properties of C. making silicon/carbon composite （Si/C） ideal candidates for LIBs anodes. In this review, recent progresses of Si/C materials utilized in LIBs are summarized in terms of structural design principles, material synthesis methods, morphological characteristics and electrochemical performances by highlighting the material structures. The mechanisms behind the performance enhancement are also discussed. Moreover, other factors that affect the performance of Si/C anodes, such as prelithiation, electrolyte additives, and binders, are also discussed. We aim to present a full scope of the Si/C-based anodes, and help understand and design future structures of Si/C anodes in LIBs,展开更多
Hierarchical Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres assembled by nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a simple and practical hydrothermal reaction. The possible formation process of this architecture was investigated ...Hierarchical Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres assembled by nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a simple and practical hydrothermal reaction. The possible formation process of this architecture was investigated by X-ray diffraction, focused-ion beam-scanning electron microscopy dual-beam system, and transmission electron microscopy. When used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries, Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres manifest excellent rate property and enhanced lithium-storage capability and can deliver a discharge capacity of 674 m Ah g^(-1) at a current density of 200 m A g^(-1) after 50 cycles. Even at a high currentdensity of 5000 m A g^(-1), a discharge capacity of541 m Ah g^(-1) is achieved. Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres also display a prominent sodium-storage capacity and maintain a reversible discharge capacity of 384 m Ah g^(-1) at a current density of 200 m A g^(-1) after 50 cycles. The remarkable lithium/sodium-storage property may be attributed to the synergetic effect of its nanometer size and three-dimensional hierarchical architecture, and the outstanding stability property is attributed to the sufficient interior void space,which can buffer the volume expansion.展开更多
In the present work,an interconnected sandwich carbon/Si-SiO2/carbon nanospheres composite was prepared by template method and carbon thermal vapor deposition（TVD）.The carbon conductive layer can not only efficientl...In the present work,an interconnected sandwich carbon/Si-SiO2/carbon nanospheres composite was prepared by template method and carbon thermal vapor deposition（TVD）.The carbon conductive layer can not only efficiently improve the electronic conductivity of Si-based anode,but also play a key role in alleviating the negative effect from huge volume expansion over discharge/charge of Si-based anode.The resulting material delivered a reversible capacity of 1094 mAh/g,and exhibited excellent cycling stability.It kept a reversible capacity of 1050 mAh/g over 200 cycles with a capacity retention of 96%.展开更多
Two-dimensional black phosphorus(2D BP),an emerging material,has aroused tremendous interest once discovered.This is due to the fact that it integrates unprecedented properties of other 2D materials,such as tunable ba...Two-dimensional black phosphorus(2D BP),an emerging material,has aroused tremendous interest once discovered.This is due to the fact that it integrates unprecedented properties of other 2D materials,such as tunable bandgap structures,outstanding electrochemical properties,anisotropic mechanical,thermodynamic,and photoelectric properties,making it of great research value in many fields.The emergence of 2D BP has greatly promoted the development of electrochemical energy storage devices,especially lithium-ion batteries.However,in the application of 2D BP,there are still some problems to be solved urgently,such as the difficulty in the synthesis of large-scale high-quality phosphorene,poor environmental stability,and the volume expansion as electrode materials.Herein,according to the latest research progress of 2D BP in the field of energy storage,we systematically summarize and compare the preparation methods of phosphorene and discuss the basic structure and properties of BP,especially the environmental instability and passivation techniques.In particular,the practical application and challenges of 2D BP as anode material for lithium-ion batteries are analyzed in detail.Finally,some personal perspectives on the future development and challenges of BP are presented.展开更多
Along with the extensive application of energy storage devices,the spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are unquestionably classified into the secondary resources due to its high content of several valuable metals.However...Along with the extensive application of energy storage devices,the spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are unquestionably classified into the secondary resources due to its high content of several valuable metals.However,current recycling methods have the main drawback to their tedious process,especially the purification and separation process.Herein,we propose a simplified process to recycle both cathode(LiCoO_(2))and anode(graphite)in the spent LIBs and regenerate newly high-performance anode material,CoO/CoFe2O4/expanded graphite(EG).This process not only has the advantages of succinct procedure and easy control of reaction conditions,but also effectively separates and recycles lithium from transition metals.The 98.43%of lithium is recovered from leachate when the solid product CoO/CoFe2O4/EG is synthesized as anode material for LIBs.And the product exhibits improved cyclic stability(890 mAh g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1) after 700 cycles)and superior rate capability(208 mAh g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1)).The merit of this delicate recycling design can be summarized as three aspects:the utilization of Fe impurity in waste LiCoO_(2),the transformation of waste graphite to EG,and the regeneration of anode material.This approach properly recycles the valuable components of spent LIBs,which introduces an insight into the future recycling.展开更多
A facile, one-step hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize two kinds of WO3 nanostructures. By using different kinds of sylvine, tungsten trioxide(WO3) with different morphologies of microflowers and nanowires ...A facile, one-step hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize two kinds of WO3 nanostructures. By using different kinds of sylvine, tungsten trioxide(WO3) with different morphologies of microflowers and nanowires was obtained, respectively. The discharge capacities for microflowers and nanowires are 107 and 146 m Ah g-1 after 180 cycles, and their corresponding capacity retentions after the first cycle are 72 and 85 %, respectively. Even at a high current density of 1,600 m Ah g-1, the discharge capacities of WO3 microflowers and nanowires are as high as 433 and557 m Ah g-1 after 40 cycles, in which the current densities were increased stepwise. It is worth mentioned that the rate capability of the nanowires is superior to that of the microflowers. However, the cycle performance of the microflowers is better than nanowires, revealing that the morphology and structure of the as-synthesized WO3 products can exert great influence on the electrochemical performances.展开更多
With the development of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and power storage systems, the demand for rechargeable batteries with high energy density is growing rapidly [1–5]. In the field of lithium-ion ...With the development of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and power storage systems, the demand for rechargeable batteries with high energy density is growing rapidly [1–5]. In the field of lithium-ion batteries, the unconventional anode materials such as tin, silicon, metallic lithium, and transition-metal oxides have been extensively studied due to the high capacity, but they are still inapplicable because of the low initial coulombic efficiency(ICE) and/or the poor cycling stability [5–9].展开更多
Well-dispersed SnO2 nanorods with diameter of 4-15 nm and length of 100-200 nm are synthesised through a hydrothermal route and their potential as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries is investigated. The observed...Well-dispersed SnO2 nanorods with diameter of 4-15 nm and length of 100-200 nm are synthesised through a hydrothermal route and their potential as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries is investigated. The observed initial discharge capacity is as high as 1778 mA.h/g, much higher than the theoretical value of the bulk SnO2 （1494 mA.h/g）. During the following 15 cycles, the reversible capacity decreases from 929 to 576 mA-h/g with a fading rate of 3.5% per cycle. The fading mechanism is discussed. Serious capacity fading can be avoided by reducing the cycling voltages from 0.05-3.0 to 0.4-1.2 V. At the end, SnO2 nanorods with much smaller size are synthesized and their performance as anode materials is studied. The size effect on the electrochemical properties is briefly discussed.展开更多
The pristine CeVO_(4) and CeVO_(4)/CNT hybrid composite nanostructured samples were facilely synthesized using a simple silicone oil-bath method.From the X-ray diffraction results,the formation of tetragonal CeVO_(4) ...The pristine CeVO_(4) and CeVO_(4)/CNT hybrid composite nanostructured samples were facilely synthesized using a simple silicone oil-bath method.From the X-ray diffraction results,the formation of tetragonal CeVO_(4) with an additional minor phase of V_(2)O_(5) was identified.When investigated as an anode material for lithium(Li)-ion batteries,the CeVO_(4)/CNT hybrid composite nanostructure(HCNS) electrode demonstrated improved Li storage performance over the pristine CeVO_(4).The Li insertion/de-insertion electrochemical reaction with the CeVO_(4) was analyzed on the basis of cyclic voltammetry study.The cyclic voltammetry analysis revealed that the three-step reduction of V^(5+) to V^(3+), V^(3+) to V^(2+), and V^(2+) to V+ processes is involved and among them,only V^(5+) to V^(3+) is reversible during the Li-ion insertion into CeVO_(4).The CeVO_(4)/CNT HCNS electrode exhibited a discharge capacity as high as 443 mA h g^(-1)(capacity retention of 96.3%) over 200 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1), whereas the pristine CeVO_(4) is limited to 138 mA h g^(-1)(capacity retention of 48%).Even at a high current density of 500 mA g^(-1), the CeVO_(4)/CNT HCNS electrode delivered an excellent reversible capacity of 586.82 mA h g^(-1) after 1200 cycles.展开更多
Nano-sized caiboxylales Na2C7H3NO4 and Na2C6H2N2O4 were prepared and investigated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.Both carboxylates exhibit high reversible capacities around 190 mAh/g above a cut-off volt...Nano-sized caiboxylales Na2C7H3NO4 and Na2C6H2N2O4 were prepared and investigated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.Both carboxylates exhibit high reversible capacities around 190 mAh/g above a cut-off voltage of 0.8 V vs.Li＋/Li.potentially improving the safety of the batteries.In addition,good rate performance and long cycle life of these carboxylates make them promising candidates as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Thermal runaway(TR)is considered a significant safety hazard for lithium batteries,and thermal protection materials are crucial in mitigating this risk.However,current thermal protection materials generally suffer fro...Thermal runaway(TR)is considered a significant safety hazard for lithium batteries,and thermal protection materials are crucial in mitigating this risk.However,current thermal protection materials generally suffer from poor mechanical properties,flammability,leakage,and rigid crystallization,and they struggle to continuously block excess heat transfer and propagation once thermal saturation occurs.This study proposes a novel type of thermal protection material:an aerogel coupled composite phase change material(CPCM).The composite material consists of gelatin/sodium alginate(Ge/SA)composite biomass aerogel as an insulating component and a thermally induced flexible CPCM made from thermoplastic polyester elastomer as a heat-absorbing component.Inspired by power bank,we coupled the aerogel with CPCM through the binder,so that CPCM can continue to‘charge and store energy’for the aerogel,effectively absorbing heat,delaying the heat saturation phenomenon,and maximizing the duration of thermal insulation.The results demonstrate that the Ge/SA aerogel exhibits excellent thermal insulation(with a temperature difference of approximately 120℃ across a 1 cm thickness)and flame retardancy(achieving a V-0 flame retardant rating).The CPCM exhibits high heat storage density(811.9 J g^(−1)),good thermally induced flexibility(bendable above 40℃),and thermal stability.Furthermore,the Ge/SA-CPCM coupled composite material shows even more outstanding thermal insulation performance,with the top surface temperature remaining at 89℃ after 100 min of exposure to a high temperature of 230℃.This study provides a new direction for the development of TR protection materials for lithium batteries.展开更多
A series of flexible and self-standing coal-derived carbon fibers(CCFs)were fabricated through electro-spinning coupled with carbonization using bituminous coal and polyacrylonitrile(PAN)as the carbon precursors.These...A series of flexible and self-standing coal-derived carbon fibers(CCFs)were fabricated through electro-spinning coupled with carbonization using bituminous coal and polyacrylonitrile(PAN)as the carbon precursors.These CCFs were utilized as free-standing lithium-ion battery(LIB)anodes.Optimizing car-bonization temperature reveals that the CCFs exhibit a one-dimensional solid linear structure with a uni-form distribution of graphite-like microcrystals.These fibers possess a dense structure and smooth surface,with averaging diameter from approximately 125.0 to 210.0 nm at carbonization temperatures ranging from 600 to 900℃.During electrospinning and carbonization,the aromatic rings enriched in bituminous coal crosslink with PAN chains,forming a robust three-dimensional(3D)framework.This 3D microstructure significantly enhances the flexibility and tensile strength of CCFs,while increasing the graphite-like sp^(2)microcrystalline carbon content,thus improving electrical conductivity.The CCFs carbonized at 700℃demonstrate an optimal balance of sp^(3)amorphous and sp^(2)graphite-like carbons.The average diameter of CCFs-700 is 177 nm and the specific surface area(SSA)is 7.2 m^(2)g^(-1).Additionally,the fibers contain oxygen-containing functional groups,as well as nitrogen-containing func-tional groups,including pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen.Owing to its characteristics,the CCFs-700 showcases remarkable electrochemical performance,delivering a high reversible capacity of 631.4 mAh g^(-1).CCFs-700 also exhibit outstanding cycle stability,which retains approximately all of their first capacity(400.1 mAh g^(-1))after 120 cycles.This research offers an economical yet scalable approach for producing flexible and self-supporting anodes for LIBs that do not require current collectors,binders and conductive additives,thereby simplifying the electrode fabrication process.展开更多
Despite advancements in silicon-based anodes for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries,their widespread commercial adoption is still hindered by significant volume expansion during cycling,especially at high active mass...Despite advancements in silicon-based anodes for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries,their widespread commercial adoption is still hindered by significant volume expansion during cycling,especially at high active mass loadings crucial for practical use.The root of these challenges lies in the mechanical instability of the material,which subsequently leads to the structural failure of the electrode.Here,we present a novel synthesis of a composite combining expanded graphite and silicon nanoparticles.This composite features a unique interlayer-bonded graphite structure,achieved through the application of a modified spark plasma sintering method.Notably,this innovative structure not only facilitates efficient ion and electron transport but also provides exceptional mechanical strength(Vickers hardness:up to658 MPa,Young's modulus:11.6 GPa).This strength effectively accommodates silicon expansion,resulting in an impressive areal capacity of 2.9 mA h cm^(-2)(736 mA h g^(-1)) and a steady cycle life(93% after 100cycles).Such outsta nding performance is paired with features appropriate for large-scale industrial production of silicon batteries,such as active mass loading of at least 3.9 mg cm^(-2),a high-tap density electrode material of 1.68 g cm^(-3)(secondary clusters:1.12 g cm^(-3)),and a production yield of up to 1 kg per day.展开更多
Since lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been substantially researched in recent years, they now possess exceptional energy and power densities, making them the most suited energy storage technology for use in developed...Since lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been substantially researched in recent years, they now possess exceptional energy and power densities, making them the most suited energy storage technology for use in developed and developing industries like stationary storage and electric cars, etc. Concerns about the cost and availability of lithium have prompted research into alternatives, such as sodium-ion batteries(SIBs), which use sodium instead of lithium as the charge carrier. This is especially relevant for stationary applications, where the size and weight of battery are less important. The working efficiency and capacity of these batteries are mainly dependent on the anode, cathode, and electrolyte. The anode,which is one of these components, is by far the most important part of the rechargeable battery.Because of its characteristics and its structure, the anode has a tremendous impact on the overall performance of the battery as a whole. Keeping the above in view, in this review we critically reviewed the different types of anodes and their performances studied to date in LIBs and SIBs. The review article is divided into three main sections, namely:(i) intercalation reaction-based anode materials;(ii) alloying reaction-based anode materials;and(iii) conversion reaction-based anode materials, which are further classified into a number of subsections based on the type of material used. In each main section, we have discussed the merits and challenges faced by their particular system. Afterward, a brief summary of the review has been discussed. Finally, the road ahead for better application of Li/Na-ion batteries is discussed, which seems to mainly depend on exploring the innovative materials as anode and on the inoperando characterization of the existing materials for making them more capable in terms of application in rechargeable batteries.展开更多
A new SnO2-Fe2O3/SWCNTs（single-walled carbon nanotubes） ternary nanocomposite was first synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach.SnO2 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles（NPs） were homogeneously located on the surface of ...A new SnO2-Fe2O3/SWCNTs（single-walled carbon nanotubes） ternary nanocomposite was first synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach.SnO2 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles（NPs） were homogeneously located on the surface of SWCNTs,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscope（TEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDX）.Due to the synergistic effect of different components,the as synthesized SnO2-Fe2O3/SWCNTs composite as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries exhibited excellent electrochemical performance with a high capacity of 692 mAh·g-1 which could be maintained after 50 cycles at 200 mA·g-1.Even at a high rate of2000 mA·g-1,the capacity was still remained at 656 mAh·g-1.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB2402200)National Natural Science Foundation of China (22225201,22379028)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20720220010)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research–Fudan University 21TQ1400100 (21TQ009)Key Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23520750400)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with organic electrodes are an emerging research direction due to the sustainability of organic materials based on elements like C,H,O,and sodium ions.Currently,organic electrode materials for SIBs are mainly used as cathodes because of their relatively high redox potentials(>1 V).Organic electrodes with low redox potential that can be used as anode are rare.Herein,a novel organic anode material (tetrasodium 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylate,Na_(4)TDC) has been developed with low redox potential (<0.7 V) and excellent cyclic stability.Its three-sodium storage mechanism was demonstrated with various in-situ/ex-situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations,showing a high capacity of 208 mAh/g and an average decay rate of merely 0.022%per cycle.Moreover,the Na_(4)TDC-hard carbon composite can further acquire improved capacity and cycling stability for 1200 cycles even with a high mass loading of up to 20 mg cm^(-2).By pairing with a thick Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode (20.6 mg cm^(-2)),the as-fabricated full cell exhibited high operating voltage (2.8 V),excellent rate performance and cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 88.7% after 200 cycles,well highlighting the Na_(4)TDC anode material for SIBs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52202328,52372099)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1455500).
文摘Poor Li plating reversibility and high thermal runaway risks are key challenges for fast charging lithiumion batteries with graphite anodes.Herein,a dielectric and fire-resistant separator based on hybrid nanofibers of barium sulfate(BS)and bacterial cellulose(BC)is developed to synchronously enhance the battery's fast charging and thermal-safety performances.The regulation mechanism of the dielectric BS/BC separator in enhancing the Li^(+)ion transport and Li plating reversibility is revealed.(1)The Max-Wagner polarization electric field of the dielectric BS/BC separator can accelerate the desolvation of solvated Li^(+)ions,enhancing their transport kinetics.(2)Moreover,due to the charge balancing effect,the dielectric BS/BC separator homogenizes the electric field/Li^(+)ion flux at the graphite anode-separator interface,facilitating uniform Li plating and suppressing Li dendrite growth.Consequently,the fast-charge graphite anode with the BS/BC separator shows higher Coulombic efficiency(99.0%vs.96.9%)and longer cycling lifespan(100 cycles vs.59 cycles)than that with the polypropylene(PP)separator in the constantlithiation cycling test at 2 mA cm^(-2).The high-loading LiFePO4(15.5 mg cm^(-2))//graphite(7.5 mg cm^(-2))full cell with the BS/BC separator exhibits excellent fast charging performance,retaining 70%of its capacity after 500 cycles at a high rate of 2C,which is significantly better than that of the cell with the PP separator(retaining only 27%of its capacity after 500 cycles).More importantly,the thermally stable BS/BC separator effectively elevates the critical temperature and reduces the heat release rate during thermal runaway,thereby significantly enhancing the battery's safety.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075089)the Project of Science and Technology of Jieyang City(2019026)the Fundamental and Applied Fundamental Research Project of Zhuhai City(22017003200023).
文摘Distinct from"rockingchair"lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the unique anionic intercalation chemistry on the cathode side of dual-ion batteries(DIBs)endows them with intrinsic advantages of low cost,high voltage,and ecofriendly,which is attracting widespread attention,and is expected to achieve the next generation of large-scale energy storage applications.Although the electrochemical reactions on the anode side of DIBs are similar to that of LIBs,in fact,to match the rapid insertion kinetics of anions on the cathode side and consider the compatibility with electrolyte system which also serves as an active material,the anode materials play a very important role,and there is an urgent demand for rational structural design and performance optimization.A review and summarization of previous studies will facilitate the exploration and optimization of DIBs in the future.Here,we summarize the development process and working mechanism of DIBs and exhaustively categorize the latest research of DIBs anode materials and their applications in different battery systems.Moreover,the structural design,reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance of anode materials are briefly discussed.Finally,the fundamental challenges,potential strategies and perspectives are also put forward.It is hoped that this review could shed some light for researchers to explore more superior anode materials and advanced systems to further promote the development of DIBs.
基金Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22265018 and 21961019)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20232ACB204010)。
文摘Developing reliable and efficient anode materials is essential for the successfully practical application of sodium-ion batteries.Herein,employing a straightforward and rapid chemical vapor deposition technique,two-dimensional layered ternary indium phosphorus sulfide(In_(2)P_(3)S_(9)) nanosheets are prepared.The layered structure and ternary composition of the In_(2)P_(3)S_(9) electrode result in impressive electrochemical performance,including a high reversible capacity of 704 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1),an outstanding rate capability with 425 mA h g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1),and an exceptional cycling stability with a capacity retention of88% after 350 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).Furthermore,sodium-ion full cell also affords a high capacity of 308 and114 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 and 5 A g^(-1).Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy tests are conducted to investigate the underlying Na-storage mechanism of In_(2)P_(3)S_(9).The results reveal that during the first cycle,the P-S bond is broken to form the elemental P and In_(2)S_(3),collectively contributing to a remarkably high reversible specific capacity.The excellent electrochemical energy storage results corroborate the practical application potential of In_(2)P_(3)S_(9) for sodium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52307239,52102300,52207234)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2022CFB1003,2021CFA025)。
文摘Due to its low cost and natural abundance of sodium,Na-ion batteries(NIBs)are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems.The development of ultralow voltage anode materials is of great significance in improving the energy density of NIBs.Low-voltage anode materials,however,are severely lacking in NIBs.Of all the reported insertion oxides anodes,the Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) has the lowest operating voltage(an average potential of 0.3 V vs.Na^(+)/Na)and is less likely to deposit sodium,which has excellent potential for achieving NIBs with high energy densities and high safety.Although significant progress has been made,achieving Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) electrodes with excellent performance remains a severe challenge.This paper systematically summarizes and discusses the physicochemical properties and synthesis methods of Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7).Then,the sodium storage mechanisms,key issues and challenges,and the optimization strategies for the electrochemical performance of Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) are classified and further elaborated.Finally,remaining challenges and future research directions on the Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7) anode are highlighted.This review offers insights into the design of high-energy and high-safety NIBs.
文摘Silicon （Si） has been considered as one of the most promising anode material for tHe next generation lithium-ion batteries （LIBs） with high energy densities, due to its high theoretical capacity, abundant availability and environmental friendliness. However. silicon materials with low intrinsic electric and ionic conductivity suffer from huge volume variation during lithiation/delithiation processes leading to the pulverization of Si and subsequently resulting in severe capacity fading of the electrodes. Coupling of Si with carbon （C） realizes a favorable combination of the two materials properties, such as high lithiation capacity of Si and excellent mechanical and conductive properties of C. making silicon/carbon composite （Si/C） ideal candidates for LIBs anodes. In this review, recent progresses of Si/C materials utilized in LIBs are summarized in terms of structural design principles, material synthesis methods, morphological characteristics and electrochemical performances by highlighting the material structures. The mechanisms behind the performance enhancement are also discussed. Moreover, other factors that affect the performance of Si/C anodes, such as prelithiation, electrolyte additives, and binders, are also discussed. We aim to present a full scope of the Si/C-based anodes, and help understand and design future structures of Si/C anodes in LIBs,
基金supported financially by the National Natural Foundation of China(Grant No.51672234)the Research Foundation for Hunan Youth Outstanding People from Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department(2015RS4030)+1 种基金Hunan 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Engineering&Technology with Environmental Benignity and Effective Resource UtilizationProgram for Innovative Research Cultivation Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(1337304)
文摘Hierarchical Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres assembled by nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a simple and practical hydrothermal reaction. The possible formation process of this architecture was investigated by X-ray diffraction, focused-ion beam-scanning electron microscopy dual-beam system, and transmission electron microscopy. When used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries, Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres manifest excellent rate property and enhanced lithium-storage capability and can deliver a discharge capacity of 674 m Ah g^(-1) at a current density of 200 m A g^(-1) after 50 cycles. Even at a high currentdensity of 5000 m A g^(-1), a discharge capacity of541 m Ah g^(-1) is achieved. Sb_2S_3 hollow microspheres also display a prominent sodium-storage capacity and maintain a reversible discharge capacity of 384 m Ah g^(-1) at a current density of 200 m A g^(-1) after 50 cycles. The remarkable lithium/sodium-storage property may be attributed to the synergetic effect of its nanometer size and three-dimensional hierarchical architecture, and the outstanding stability property is attributed to the sufficient interior void space,which can buffer the volume expansion.
基金supported by the State Key Basic Research Program of PRC(2011CB935903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20925312)Shanghai Science Technology Committee(13JC1407900)
文摘In the present work,an interconnected sandwich carbon/Si-SiO2/carbon nanospheres composite was prepared by template method and carbon thermal vapor deposition（TVD）.The carbon conductive layer can not only efficiently improve the electronic conductivity of Si-based anode,but also play a key role in alleviating the negative effect from huge volume expansion over discharge/charge of Si-based anode.The resulting material delivered a reversible capacity of 1094 mAh/g,and exhibited excellent cycling stability.It kept a reversible capacity of 1050 mAh/g over 200 cycles with a capacity retention of 96%.
基金the national science foundation of China(Nos.21373074 and 61675061)。
文摘Two-dimensional black phosphorus(2D BP),an emerging material,has aroused tremendous interest once discovered.This is due to the fact that it integrates unprecedented properties of other 2D materials,such as tunable bandgap structures,outstanding electrochemical properties,anisotropic mechanical,thermodynamic,and photoelectric properties,making it of great research value in many fields.The emergence of 2D BP has greatly promoted the development of electrochemical energy storage devices,especially lithium-ion batteries.However,in the application of 2D BP,there are still some problems to be solved urgently,such as the difficulty in the synthesis of large-scale high-quality phosphorene,poor environmental stability,and the volume expansion as electrode materials.Herein,according to the latest research progress of 2D BP in the field of energy storage,we systematically summarize and compare the preparation methods of phosphorene and discuss the basic structure and properties of BP,especially the environmental instability and passivation techniques.In particular,the practical application and challenges of 2D BP as anode material for lithium-ion batteries are analyzed in detail.Finally,some personal perspectives on the future development and challenges of BP are presented.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51902347,51822812,51772334,51778627).
文摘Along with the extensive application of energy storage devices,the spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are unquestionably classified into the secondary resources due to its high content of several valuable metals.However,current recycling methods have the main drawback to their tedious process,especially the purification and separation process.Herein,we propose a simplified process to recycle both cathode(LiCoO_(2))and anode(graphite)in the spent LIBs and regenerate newly high-performance anode material,CoO/CoFe2O4/expanded graphite(EG).This process not only has the advantages of succinct procedure and easy control of reaction conditions,but also effectively separates and recycles lithium from transition metals.The 98.43%of lithium is recovered from leachate when the solid product CoO/CoFe2O4/EG is synthesized as anode material for LIBs.And the product exhibits improved cyclic stability(890 mAh g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1) after 700 cycles)and superior rate capability(208 mAh g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1)).The merit of this delicate recycling design can be summarized as three aspects:the utilization of Fe impurity in waste LiCoO_(2),the transformation of waste graphite to EG,and the regeneration of anode material.This approach properly recycles the valuable components of spent LIBs,which introduces an insight into the future recycling.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department (12531179)Program for Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Construction in Universities of Heilongjiang (No. 2011TD010)
文摘A facile, one-step hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize two kinds of WO3 nanostructures. By using different kinds of sylvine, tungsten trioxide(WO3) with different morphologies of microflowers and nanowires was obtained, respectively. The discharge capacities for microflowers and nanowires are 107 and 146 m Ah g-1 after 180 cycles, and their corresponding capacity retentions after the first cycle are 72 and 85 %, respectively. Even at a high current density of 1,600 m Ah g-1, the discharge capacities of WO3 microflowers and nanowires are as high as 433 and557 m Ah g-1 after 40 cycles, in which the current densities were increased stepwise. It is worth mentioned that the rate capability of the nanowires is superior to that of the microflowers. However, the cycle performance of the microflowers is better than nanowires, revealing that the morphology and structure of the as-synthesized WO3 products can exert great influence on the electrochemical performances.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2018YFE0202601)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LTY20E010001)。
文摘With the development of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and power storage systems, the demand for rechargeable batteries with high energy density is growing rapidly [1–5]. In the field of lithium-ion batteries, the unconventional anode materials such as tin, silicon, metallic lithium, and transition-metal oxides have been extensively studied due to the high capacity, but they are still inapplicable because of the low initial coulombic efficiency(ICE) and/or the poor cycling stability [5–9].
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No 2007CB310500)the Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No 705040)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 90606009, 60571044 and 10774174)
文摘Well-dispersed SnO2 nanorods with diameter of 4-15 nm and length of 100-200 nm are synthesised through a hydrothermal route and their potential as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries is investigated. The observed initial discharge capacity is as high as 1778 mA.h/g, much higher than the theoretical value of the bulk SnO2 （1494 mA.h/g）. During the following 15 cycles, the reversible capacity decreases from 929 to 576 mA-h/g with a fading rate of 3.5% per cycle. The fading mechanism is discussed. Serious capacity fading can be avoided by reducing the cycling voltages from 0.05-3.0 to 0.4-1.2 V. At the end, SnO2 nanorods with much smaller size are synthesized and their performance as anode materials is studied. The size effect on the electrochemical properties is briefly discussed.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIP)(No.2018R1A6A1A03025708 and No.2020R1A2B5B01002318)。
文摘The pristine CeVO_(4) and CeVO_(4)/CNT hybrid composite nanostructured samples were facilely synthesized using a simple silicone oil-bath method.From the X-ray diffraction results,the formation of tetragonal CeVO_(4) with an additional minor phase of V_(2)O_(5) was identified.When investigated as an anode material for lithium(Li)-ion batteries,the CeVO_(4)/CNT hybrid composite nanostructure(HCNS) electrode demonstrated improved Li storage performance over the pristine CeVO_(4).The Li insertion/de-insertion electrochemical reaction with the CeVO_(4) was analyzed on the basis of cyclic voltammetry study.The cyclic voltammetry analysis revealed that the three-step reduction of V^(5+) to V^(3+), V^(3+) to V^(2+), and V^(2+) to V+ processes is involved and among them,only V^(5+) to V^(3+) is reversible during the Li-ion insertion into CeVO_(4).The CeVO_(4)/CNT HCNS electrode exhibited a discharge capacity as high as 443 mA h g^(-1)(capacity retention of 96.3%) over 200 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1), whereas the pristine CeVO_(4) is limited to 138 mA h g^(-1)(capacity retention of 48%).Even at a high current density of 500 mA g^(-1), the CeVO_(4)/CNT HCNS electrode delivered an excellent reversible capacity of 586.82 mA h g^(-1) after 1200 cycles.
基金supported by the funding from"863"Project(2011AA11A235)"973"Projects(2010CB833102 and 2012CB932900)+1 种基金NSFC(No.51222210 and 11234013)the 100 Talent Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Nano-sized caiboxylales Na2C7H3NO4 and Na2C6H2N2O4 were prepared and investigated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.Both carboxylates exhibit high reversible capacities around 190 mAh/g above a cut-off voltage of 0.8 V vs.Li＋/Li.potentially improving the safety of the batteries.In addition,good rate performance and long cycle life of these carboxylates make them promising candidates as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3806501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178050,22108026)+3 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2021QNRC001)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2022-BS-091)the Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund Young Tech Star(2022RQ008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LAB610).
文摘Thermal runaway(TR)is considered a significant safety hazard for lithium batteries,and thermal protection materials are crucial in mitigating this risk.However,current thermal protection materials generally suffer from poor mechanical properties,flammability,leakage,and rigid crystallization,and they struggle to continuously block excess heat transfer and propagation once thermal saturation occurs.This study proposes a novel type of thermal protection material:an aerogel coupled composite phase change material(CPCM).The composite material consists of gelatin/sodium alginate(Ge/SA)composite biomass aerogel as an insulating component and a thermally induced flexible CPCM made from thermoplastic polyester elastomer as a heat-absorbing component.Inspired by power bank,we coupled the aerogel with CPCM through the binder,so that CPCM can continue to‘charge and store energy’for the aerogel,effectively absorbing heat,delaying the heat saturation phenomenon,and maximizing the duration of thermal insulation.The results demonstrate that the Ge/SA aerogel exhibits excellent thermal insulation(with a temperature difference of approximately 120℃ across a 1 cm thickness)and flame retardancy(achieving a V-0 flame retardant rating).The CPCM exhibits high heat storage density(811.9 J g^(−1)),good thermally induced flexibility(bendable above 40℃),and thermal stability.Furthermore,the Ge/SA-CPCM coupled composite material shows even more outstanding thermal insulation performance,with the top surface temperature remaining at 89℃ after 100 min of exposure to a high temperature of 230℃.This study provides a new direction for the development of TR protection materials for lithium batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52474290,52274261,52074109,52304284)the Open Subjects of Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion(No.CGCF202201)+1 种基金the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(No.242102240008)the Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(No.24A440003).
文摘A series of flexible and self-standing coal-derived carbon fibers(CCFs)were fabricated through electro-spinning coupled with carbonization using bituminous coal and polyacrylonitrile(PAN)as the carbon precursors.These CCFs were utilized as free-standing lithium-ion battery(LIB)anodes.Optimizing car-bonization temperature reveals that the CCFs exhibit a one-dimensional solid linear structure with a uni-form distribution of graphite-like microcrystals.These fibers possess a dense structure and smooth surface,with averaging diameter from approximately 125.0 to 210.0 nm at carbonization temperatures ranging from 600 to 900℃.During electrospinning and carbonization,the aromatic rings enriched in bituminous coal crosslink with PAN chains,forming a robust three-dimensional(3D)framework.This 3D microstructure significantly enhances the flexibility and tensile strength of CCFs,while increasing the graphite-like sp^(2)microcrystalline carbon content,thus improving electrical conductivity.The CCFs carbonized at 700℃demonstrate an optimal balance of sp^(3)amorphous and sp^(2)graphite-like carbons.The average diameter of CCFs-700 is 177 nm and the specific surface area(SSA)is 7.2 m^(2)g^(-1).Additionally,the fibers contain oxygen-containing functional groups,as well as nitrogen-containing func-tional groups,including pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen.Owing to its characteristics,the CCFs-700 showcases remarkable electrochemical performance,delivering a high reversible capacity of 631.4 mAh g^(-1).CCFs-700 also exhibit outstanding cycle stability,which retains approximately all of their first capacity(400.1 mAh g^(-1))after 120 cycles.This research offers an economical yet scalable approach for producing flexible and self-supporting anodes for LIBs that do not require current collectors,binders and conductive additives,thereby simplifying the electrode fabrication process.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore, under its Competitive Research Programme (CRP award number NRF-CRP22-2019-008)Medium-Sized Centre Programme (CA2DM)+1 种基金the Ministry of Education of Singapore, under its Research Centre of Excellence award to the Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM, Project No. EDUNC-33-18-279-V12)by the EDB Singapore, under its Space Technology Development Programme (S2219013-STDP)。
文摘Despite advancements in silicon-based anodes for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries,their widespread commercial adoption is still hindered by significant volume expansion during cycling,especially at high active mass loadings crucial for practical use.The root of these challenges lies in the mechanical instability of the material,which subsequently leads to the structural failure of the electrode.Here,we present a novel synthesis of a composite combining expanded graphite and silicon nanoparticles.This composite features a unique interlayer-bonded graphite structure,achieved through the application of a modified spark plasma sintering method.Notably,this innovative structure not only facilitates efficient ion and electron transport but also provides exceptional mechanical strength(Vickers hardness:up to658 MPa,Young's modulus:11.6 GPa).This strength effectively accommodates silicon expansion,resulting in an impressive areal capacity of 2.9 mA h cm^(-2)(736 mA h g^(-1)) and a steady cycle life(93% after 100cycles).Such outsta nding performance is paired with features appropriate for large-scale industrial production of silicon batteries,such as active mass loading of at least 3.9 mg cm^(-2),a high-tap density electrode material of 1.68 g cm^(-3)(secondary clusters:1.12 g cm^(-3)),and a production yield of up to 1 kg per day.
文摘Since lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been substantially researched in recent years, they now possess exceptional energy and power densities, making them the most suited energy storage technology for use in developed and developing industries like stationary storage and electric cars, etc. Concerns about the cost and availability of lithium have prompted research into alternatives, such as sodium-ion batteries(SIBs), which use sodium instead of lithium as the charge carrier. This is especially relevant for stationary applications, where the size and weight of battery are less important. The working efficiency and capacity of these batteries are mainly dependent on the anode, cathode, and electrolyte. The anode,which is one of these components, is by far the most important part of the rechargeable battery.Because of its characteristics and its structure, the anode has a tremendous impact on the overall performance of the battery as a whole. Keeping the above in view, in this review we critically reviewed the different types of anodes and their performances studied to date in LIBs and SIBs. The review article is divided into three main sections, namely:(i) intercalation reaction-based anode materials;(ii) alloying reaction-based anode materials;and(iii) conversion reaction-based anode materials, which are further classified into a number of subsections based on the type of material used. In each main section, we have discussed the merits and challenges faced by their particular system. Afterward, a brief summary of the review has been discussed. Finally, the road ahead for better application of Li/Na-ion batteries is discussed, which seems to mainly depend on exploring the innovative materials as anode and on the inoperando characterization of the existing materials for making them more capable in terms of application in rechargeable batteries.
基金supported by the National Key Project on Basic Research(Grant No.2011CB935904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21171163,91127020)NSF for Distinguished Young Scholars of Fujian Province(Grant No.2013J06006)
文摘A new SnO2-Fe2O3/SWCNTs（single-walled carbon nanotubes） ternary nanocomposite was first synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach.SnO2 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles（NPs） were homogeneously located on the surface of SWCNTs,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscope（TEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDX）.Due to the synergistic effect of different components,the as synthesized SnO2-Fe2O3/SWCNTs composite as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries exhibited excellent electrochemical performance with a high capacity of 692 mAh·g-1 which could be maintained after 50 cycles at 200 mA·g-1.Even at a high rate of2000 mA·g-1,the capacity was still remained at 656 mAh·g-1.
