The safety valve is an important component to ensure the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the effect of safety valve type on the thermal runaway(TR)and gas venting behavior of LIBs,as well as the ...The safety valve is an important component to ensure the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the effect of safety valve type on the thermal runaway(TR)and gas venting behavior of LIBs,as well as the TR hazard severity of LIBs,are not known.In this paper,the TR and gas venting behavior of three 100 A h lithium iron phosphate(LFP)batteries with different safety valves are investigated under overheating.Compared to previous studies,the main contribution of this work is in studying and evaluating the effect of gas venting behavior and TR hazard severity of LFP batteries with three safety valve types.Two significant results are obtained:(Ⅰ)the safety valve type dominates over gas venting pressure of battery during safety venting,the maximum gas venting pressure of LFP batteries with a round safety valve is 3320 Pa,which is one order of magnitude higher than other batteries with oval or cavity safety valve;(Ⅱ)the LFP battery with oval safety valve has the lowest TR hazard as shown by the TR hazard assessment model based on gray-fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.This study reveals the effect of safety valve type on TR and gas venting,providing a clear direction for the safety valve design.展开更多
Flow batteries with high energy density and long cycle life have been pursued to advance the progress of energy storage and grid application. Non-aqueous batteries with wide voltage windows represent a promising techn...Flow batteries with high energy density and long cycle life have been pursued to advance the progress of energy storage and grid application. Non-aqueous batteries with wide voltage windows represent a promising technology without the limitation of water electrolysis, but they suffer from low electrolyte concentration and unsatisfactory battery performance. Here, a non-aqueous lithium bromine rechargeable battery is proposed, which is based on Br;/Br;and Li;/Li as active redox pairs, with fast redox kinetics and good stability. The Li/Br battery combines the advantages of high output voltage（;.1 V）,electrolyte concentration（3.0 mol/L）, maximum power density（29.1 m W/cm;） and practical energy density（232.6 Wh/kg）. Additionally, the battery displays a columbic efficiency（CE） of 90.0%, a voltage efficiency（VE） of 88.0% and an energy efficiency（EE） of 80.0% at 1.0 m A/cm;after continuously running for more than 1000 cycles, which is by far the longest cycle life reported for non-aqueous flow batteries.展开更多
It is obvious that in the next ten years,lithium ion batteries are still the dominating power source for a wide range of products including consumable electronics,vehicles(cars,motorbikes,scooters,buses),drones,and ev...It is obvious that in the next ten years,lithium ion batteries are still the dominating power source for a wide range of products including consumable electronics,vehicles(cars,motorbikes,scooters,buses),drones,and even robots and tanks.However,in the pursuit of cost-effective,safety-reliable,and highly efficient energy storage technologies,researchers are developing展开更多
Nanostructured materials have received tremendous interest due to their unique mechanical/electrical properties and overall behavior contributed by the complex synergy of bulk and interfacial properties for efficient ...Nanostructured materials have received tremendous interest due to their unique mechanical/electrical properties and overall behavior contributed by the complex synergy of bulk and interfacial properties for efficient and effective energy conversion and storage. The booming development of nanotechnology affords emerging but effective tools in designing advanced energy material. We reviewed the significant progress and dominated nanostructured energy materials in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, including lithium ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium-oxygen batteries, lithium metal batteries, and supercapacitors. The use of nanostructured electrocatalyst for effective electrocatalysis in oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions for fuel cells and metal-air batteries was also included. The challenges in the undesirable side reactions between electrolytes and electrode due to high electrode/electrolyte contact area, low volumetric energy density of electrode owing to low tap density, and uniform production of complex energy materials in working devices should be overcome to fully demonstrate the advanced energy nanostructures for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. The energy chemistry at the interfaces of nanostructured electrode/electrolyte is highly expected to guide the rational design and full demonstration of energy materials in a working device. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.展开更多
This mini-review highlights selectively the recent research progress in the composites of Li Fe PO4 and graphene. In particularly, the different fabrication protocols, and the electrochemical performance of the compos...This mini-review highlights selectively the recent research progress in the composites of Li Fe PO4 and graphene. In particularly, the different fabrication protocols, and the electrochemical performance of the composites are summarized in detail. The structural and morphology characters of graphene sheets that may affect the property of the composites are discussed briefly. The possible ongoing researches in area are speculated upon.展开更多
Conducting supporters of purified single-walled carbon nanotubes（SWNTs） and graphene oxide（GO）were used to confine pomegranate-structured Sn O2 nanospheres for forming SnO-GO-SWNT composites.As anode material for ...Conducting supporters of purified single-walled carbon nanotubes（SWNTs） and graphene oxide（GO）were used to confine pomegranate-structured Sn O2 nanospheres for forming SnO-GO-SWNT composites.As anode material for lithium ion batteries（LIBs）, this composite exhibits a stable and large reversible capacity together with an excellent rate capability. In addition, an analysis of the AC impedance spectroscopy has been used to confirm the enhanced mechanism for LIB performance. The improved electrochemical performance should be ascribed greatly to the reinforced synergistic effects between GO and SWNT networks, and their enhanced contribution of the conductivity. These results indicate that this composite has potential for utilization in high-rate and durable LIBs.展开更多
Silicon is believed to be a critical anode material for approaching the roadmap of lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity. But this aim has been hindered by the quick capacity fading of its electrodes...Silicon is believed to be a critical anode material for approaching the roadmap of lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity. But this aim has been hindered by the quick capacity fading of its electrodes during repeated charge–discharge cycles. In this work, a “soft-hard”double-layer coating has been proposed and carried out on ball-milled silicon particles. It is composed of inside conductive pathway and outside elastic coating, which is achieved by decomposing a conductive graphite layer on the silicon surface and further coating it with a polymer layer.The incorporation of the second elastic coating on the inside carbon coating enables silicon particles strongly interacted with binders, thereby making the electrodes displaying an obviously improved cycling stability. As-obtained double-coated silicon anodes deliver a reversible capacity of 2280 m Ah g^(-1)at the voltage of 0.05–2 V, and maintains over 1763 mAh g^(-1)after 50 cycles. The double-layer coating does not crack after the repeated cycling, critical for the robust performance of the electrodes. In addition, as-obtained silicon particles are mixed with commercial graphite to make actual anodes for lithium-ion batteries. A capacity of 714 mAh g^(-1)has been achieved based on the total mass of the electrodes containing 10 wt.% double-coated silicon particles. Compared with traditional carbon coating or polymeric coating, the double-coating electrodes display a much better performance. Therefore, the double-coating strategy can give inspiration for better design and synthesis of silicon anodes, as well as other battery materials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB2402001)the Postgraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Practice Project of Anhui Province(No.2022cxcysj013)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022T150615)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK5290000002)supported by Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.Y201768)。
文摘The safety valve is an important component to ensure the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the effect of safety valve type on the thermal runaway(TR)and gas venting behavior of LIBs,as well as the TR hazard severity of LIBs,are not known.In this paper,the TR and gas venting behavior of three 100 A h lithium iron phosphate(LFP)batteries with different safety valves are investigated under overheating.Compared to previous studies,the main contribution of this work is in studying and evaluating the effect of gas venting behavior and TR hazard severity of LFP batteries with three safety valve types.Two significant results are obtained:(Ⅰ)the safety valve type dominates over gas venting pressure of battery during safety venting,the maximum gas venting pressure of LFP batteries with a round safety valve is 3320 Pa,which is one order of magnitude higher than other batteries with oval or cavity safety valve;(Ⅱ)the LFP battery with oval safety valve has the lowest TR hazard as shown by the TR hazard assessment model based on gray-fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.This study reveals the effect of safety valve type on TR and gas venting,providing a clear direction for the safety valve design.
基金financial supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21476224,21406219 and 51361135701)
文摘Flow batteries with high energy density and long cycle life have been pursued to advance the progress of energy storage and grid application. Non-aqueous batteries with wide voltage windows represent a promising technology without the limitation of water electrolysis, but they suffer from low electrolyte concentration and unsatisfactory battery performance. Here, a non-aqueous lithium bromine rechargeable battery is proposed, which is based on Br;/Br;and Li;/Li as active redox pairs, with fast redox kinetics and good stability. The Li/Br battery combines the advantages of high output voltage（;.1 V）,electrolyte concentration（3.0 mol/L）, maximum power density（29.1 m W/cm;） and practical energy density（232.6 Wh/kg）. Additionally, the battery displays a columbic efficiency（CE） of 90.0%, a voltage efficiency（VE） of 88.0% and an energy efficiency（EE） of 80.0% at 1.0 m A/cm;after continuously running for more than 1000 cycles, which is by far the longest cycle life reported for non-aqueous flow batteries.
文摘It is obvious that in the next ten years,lithium ion batteries are still the dominating power source for a wide range of products including consumable electronics,vehicles(cars,motorbikes,scooters,buses),drones,and even robots and tanks.However,in the pursuit of cost-effective,safety-reliable,and highly efficient energy storage technologies,researchers are developing
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (no.2016YFA0202500)National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB932500)the Natural Scientific Foundation of China (nos.21306102 and 21422604)
文摘Nanostructured materials have received tremendous interest due to their unique mechanical/electrical properties and overall behavior contributed by the complex synergy of bulk and interfacial properties for efficient and effective energy conversion and storage. The booming development of nanotechnology affords emerging but effective tools in designing advanced energy material. We reviewed the significant progress and dominated nanostructured energy materials in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, including lithium ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium-oxygen batteries, lithium metal batteries, and supercapacitors. The use of nanostructured electrocatalyst for effective electrocatalysis in oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions for fuel cells and metal-air batteries was also included. The challenges in the undesirable side reactions between electrolytes and electrode due to high electrode/electrolyte contact area, low volumetric energy density of electrode owing to low tap density, and uniform production of complex energy materials in working devices should be overcome to fully demonstrate the advanced energy nanostructures for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. The energy chemistry at the interfaces of nanostructured electrode/electrolyte is highly expected to guide the rational design and full demonstration of energy materials in a working device. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.
基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 12nm0503500)the National Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21376148, 11374205)
文摘This mini-review highlights selectively the recent research progress in the composites of Li Fe PO4 and graphene. In particularly, the different fabrication protocols, and the electrochemical performance of the composites are summarized in detail. The structural and morphology characters of graphene sheets that may affect the property of the composites are discussed briefly. The possible ongoing researches in area are speculated upon.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundations of China(No.21203025,51202031,11004032 and 11074039)Funds of Education Committee of Fujian Province(JK2013010 and JA13064)
文摘Conducting supporters of purified single-walled carbon nanotubes（SWNTs） and graphene oxide（GO）were used to confine pomegranate-structured Sn O2 nanospheres for forming SnO-GO-SWNT composites.As anode material for lithium ion batteries（LIBs）, this composite exhibits a stable and large reversible capacity together with an excellent rate capability. In addition, an analysis of the AC impedance spectroscopy has been used to confirm the enhanced mechanism for LIB performance. The improved electrochemical performance should be ascribed greatly to the reinforced synergistic effects between GO and SWNT networks, and their enhanced contribution of the conductivity. These results indicate that this composite has potential for utilization in high-rate and durable LIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22008256)。
文摘Silicon is believed to be a critical anode material for approaching the roadmap of lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity. But this aim has been hindered by the quick capacity fading of its electrodes during repeated charge–discharge cycles. In this work, a “soft-hard”double-layer coating has been proposed and carried out on ball-milled silicon particles. It is composed of inside conductive pathway and outside elastic coating, which is achieved by decomposing a conductive graphite layer on the silicon surface and further coating it with a polymer layer.The incorporation of the second elastic coating on the inside carbon coating enables silicon particles strongly interacted with binders, thereby making the electrodes displaying an obviously improved cycling stability. As-obtained double-coated silicon anodes deliver a reversible capacity of 2280 m Ah g^(-1)at the voltage of 0.05–2 V, and maintains over 1763 mAh g^(-1)after 50 cycles. The double-layer coating does not crack after the repeated cycling, critical for the robust performance of the electrodes. In addition, as-obtained silicon particles are mixed with commercial graphite to make actual anodes for lithium-ion batteries. A capacity of 714 mAh g^(-1)has been achieved based on the total mass of the electrodes containing 10 wt.% double-coated silicon particles. Compared with traditional carbon coating or polymeric coating, the double-coating electrodes display a much better performance. Therefore, the double-coating strategy can give inspiration for better design and synthesis of silicon anodes, as well as other battery materials.
