Swarm robot systems are an important application of autonomous unmanned surface vehicles on water surfaces.For monitoring natural environments and conducting security activities within a certain range using a surface ...Swarm robot systems are an important application of autonomous unmanned surface vehicles on water surfaces.For monitoring natural environments and conducting security activities within a certain range using a surface vehicle,the swarm robot system is more efficient than the operation of a single object as the former can reduce cost and save time.It is necessary to detect adjacent surface obstacles robustly to operate a cluster of unmanned surface vehicles.For this purpose,a LiDAR(light detection and ranging)sensor is used as it can simultaneously obtain 3D information for all directions,relatively robustly and accurately,irrespective of the surrounding environmental conditions.Although the GPS(global-positioning-system)error range exists,obtaining measurements of the surface-vessel position can still ensure stability during platoon maneuvering.In this study,a three-layer convolutional neural network is applied to classify types of surface vehicles.The aim of this approach is to redefine the sparse 3D point cloud data as 2D image data with a connotative meaning and subsequently utilize this transformed data for object classification purposes.Hence,we have proposed a descriptor that converts the 3D point cloud data into 2D image data.To use this descriptor effectively,it is necessary to perform a clustering operation that separates the point clouds for each object.We developed voxel-based clustering for the point cloud clustering.Furthermore,using the descriptor,3D point cloud data can be converted into a 2D feature image,and the converted 2D image is provided as an input value to the network.We intend to verify the validity of the proposed 3D point cloud feature descriptor by using experimental data in the simulator.Furthermore,we explore the feasibility of real-time object classification within this framework.展开更多
文章针对基于坡度滤波算法在地形复杂地区中难以合理设置滤波阈值的问题,提出了一种基于多尺度网格的点云自适应坡度滤波的算法。首先在构建的多尺度的虚拟网格内选取最优点作为初始地面种子点,计算网格的点云空间占比并划分网格语义属...文章针对基于坡度滤波算法在地形复杂地区中难以合理设置滤波阈值的问题,提出了一种基于多尺度网格的点云自适应坡度滤波的算法。首先在构建的多尺度的虚拟网格内选取最优点作为初始地面种子点,计算网格的点云空间占比并划分网格语义属性,然后利用地形计算因子求得每个网格的坡度分类阈值,再按网格尺度由大到小的方式对整体点云进行坡度滤波,得出真实的地面点云数据。文中采用了多种地形的光探测和测距(Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR)(简称“激光雷达”)数据来验证该算法,结果表明,该算法能够有效去除地面上的植被、建筑物等地物点,保留真实的地面点云数据。该算法重点解决了在伴随地形变化时坡度滤波阈值的计算和自适应设置问题,以及在地形变化剧烈的边缘地带过度滤波的问题。展开更多
负障碍感知是非结构化环境下的难点问题,本文针对该问题提出一种新的基于双多线激光雷达(Light detection and ranging,Li DAR)的感知方法.采用分布嵌入式架构对双激光雷达数据进行同步采集与实时处理,将雷达点云映射到多尺度栅格,统计...负障碍感知是非结构化环境下的难点问题,本文针对该问题提出一种新的基于双多线激光雷达(Light detection and ranging,Li DAR)的感知方法.采用分布嵌入式架构对双激光雷达数据进行同步采集与实时处理,将雷达点云映射到多尺度栅格,统计栅格的点云密度与相对高度等特征并标记,从点云数据提取负障碍几何特征,通过将栅格的统计特征与负障碍的几何特征做多特征关联找到关键特征点对,将特征点对聚类并过滤,识别出负障碍.方法不受地面平整度影响,已成功应用在无人驾驶车上.使用表明该方法具有较高的实时性和可靠性,在非结构化环境下具有良好的感知效果.展开更多
基金supported by the Future Challenge Program through the Agency for Defense Development funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (No.UC200015RD)。
文摘Swarm robot systems are an important application of autonomous unmanned surface vehicles on water surfaces.For monitoring natural environments and conducting security activities within a certain range using a surface vehicle,the swarm robot system is more efficient than the operation of a single object as the former can reduce cost and save time.It is necessary to detect adjacent surface obstacles robustly to operate a cluster of unmanned surface vehicles.For this purpose,a LiDAR(light detection and ranging)sensor is used as it can simultaneously obtain 3D information for all directions,relatively robustly and accurately,irrespective of the surrounding environmental conditions.Although the GPS(global-positioning-system)error range exists,obtaining measurements of the surface-vessel position can still ensure stability during platoon maneuvering.In this study,a three-layer convolutional neural network is applied to classify types of surface vehicles.The aim of this approach is to redefine the sparse 3D point cloud data as 2D image data with a connotative meaning and subsequently utilize this transformed data for object classification purposes.Hence,we have proposed a descriptor that converts the 3D point cloud data into 2D image data.To use this descriptor effectively,it is necessary to perform a clustering operation that separates the point clouds for each object.We developed voxel-based clustering for the point cloud clustering.Furthermore,using the descriptor,3D point cloud data can be converted into a 2D feature image,and the converted 2D image is provided as an input value to the network.We intend to verify the validity of the proposed 3D point cloud feature descriptor by using experimental data in the simulator.Furthermore,we explore the feasibility of real-time object classification within this framework.
文摘文章针对基于坡度滤波算法在地形复杂地区中难以合理设置滤波阈值的问题,提出了一种基于多尺度网格的点云自适应坡度滤波的算法。首先在构建的多尺度的虚拟网格内选取最优点作为初始地面种子点,计算网格的点云空间占比并划分网格语义属性,然后利用地形计算因子求得每个网格的坡度分类阈值,再按网格尺度由大到小的方式对整体点云进行坡度滤波,得出真实的地面点云数据。文中采用了多种地形的光探测和测距(Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR)(简称“激光雷达”)数据来验证该算法,结果表明,该算法能够有效去除地面上的植被、建筑物等地物点,保留真实的地面点云数据。该算法重点解决了在伴随地形变化时坡度滤波阈值的计算和自适应设置问题,以及在地形变化剧烈的边缘地带过度滤波的问题。
文摘负障碍感知是非结构化环境下的难点问题,本文针对该问题提出一种新的基于双多线激光雷达(Light detection and ranging,Li DAR)的感知方法.采用分布嵌入式架构对双激光雷达数据进行同步采集与实时处理,将雷达点云映射到多尺度栅格,统计栅格的点云密度与相对高度等特征并标记,从点云数据提取负障碍几何特征,通过将栅格的统计特征与负障碍的几何特征做多特征关联找到关键特征点对,将特征点对聚类并过滤,识别出负障碍.方法不受地面平整度影响,已成功应用在无人驾驶车上.使用表明该方法具有较高的实时性和可靠性,在非结构化环境下具有良好的感知效果.
