An optimal drainage tunnel location determination method for landslide prevention was proposed to solve the existing problems in drainage tunnel construction. Current applications of drainage tunnel systems in China w...An optimal drainage tunnel location determination method for landslide prevention was proposed to solve the existing problems in drainage tunnel construction. Current applications of drainage tunnel systems in China were reviewed and the fimctions of drainage tunnel were categorized as catchment and interception. Numerical simulations were conducted. The results show that both catchment and interception tunnels have variation of the function in the simulation of monolayer model, which shows the reduction of permeability condition in lower layer. The function of catchment can be observed in the deep slope, while the function of interception is observed near groundwater source. By using the slope safety factor and discharge water amount as the objectives of optimal drainage tunnel location, and pore-water pressure in fixed node and section flux as the judgment for construction quality of adjacent drainage tunnel, the design principle of drainage tunnel was introduced. The K103 Landslide was illustrated as an example to determine the optimal drainage tunnel location. The measured drainage tunnel efficiency was evaluated and compared with that from the numerical analyses based on groundwater data. The results validate the present numerical study.展开更多
致灾环境因子是滑坡易发性预测建模的输入变量,是指影响滑坡发生、发展和分布的各种边坡自然属性因子。类型齐全且意义明确的致灾环境因子,对提高滑坡易发性结果的准确性和可靠性至关重要。为了进一步明确致灾环境因子的研究现状和未来...致灾环境因子是滑坡易发性预测建模的输入变量,是指影响滑坡发生、发展和分布的各种边坡自然属性因子。类型齐全且意义明确的致灾环境因子,对提高滑坡易发性结果的准确性和可靠性至关重要。为了进一步明确致灾环境因子的研究现状和未来展望,本研究在Web of Science的核心合集数据库中进行了文献检索,标题中包含“landslide susceptibility”,出版日期范围从20130101-20231231,收集了767篇滑坡易发性英文论文构成文献数据库。首先统计每篇文献中致灾环境因子数量、获取方法、来源、重要性和认可度等信息,然后详述了致灾环境因子的定义和物理意义;之后对致灾环境因子的优化选取/组合方法、因子联接方法、因子误差及其适宜性等特征进行了讨论,为后续预测滑坡易发性时选取致灾环境因子的不确定性研究提供参考。综述结果表明:(1)文献数据库中共统计出82种致灾环境因子,使用频率较高的因子有40余种,其中坡度、坡向、高程、岩性是使用频率最高的4个因子,坡度、高程、公路密度、岩性、降雨等因子在滑坡易发性预测中的重要性依次增高;(2)发现采用类型齐全且物理意义明确的致灾环境因子、基于环境因子联接方法来构建模型输入变量、消除环境因子中的随机误差、提升环境因子的适宜性和内在可解释性等研究有利于大幅提升机器学习方法预测滑坡易发性的性能,在未来研究中需要重点关注这些关键问题。展开更多
滑坡易发性评价是滑坡灾害防治的重要手段之一,而不合理的滑坡负样本会影响滑坡易发性评价,从而影响到滑坡灾害的防治,因此提供一种合理的负样本选取方法变得尤为关键。以西藏米林市的古滑坡为例,选择高程、坡度、坡向、坡位、距道路距...滑坡易发性评价是滑坡灾害防治的重要手段之一,而不合理的滑坡负样本会影响滑坡易发性评价,从而影响到滑坡灾害的防治,因此提供一种合理的负样本选取方法变得尤为关键。以西藏米林市的古滑坡为例,选择高程、坡度、坡向、坡位、距道路距离、距断层距离、距水系距离、地形起伏度、地层岩性、土地利用类型10类环境因子,使用Relief算法计算环境因子的贡献值并依据贡献值优化选择环境因子;基于环境因子优化的目标空间外向化采样法(target space exteriorization sampling,简称TSES)选择负样本,作为性能优异的随机森林模型的输入变量;之后结合优化的环境因子和正或负样本预测米林市的滑坡易发性,并用混淆矩阵和ROC曲线评价构建模型的性能。为检验环境因子优化的TSES法的有效性和先进性,采用耦合信息量法和TSES法选择滑坡负样本并构建随机森林模型,与环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型进行对比研究。结果表明,环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型的评价效果较好,其ACC为93.7%、AUC为0.987,均高于耦合信息量、TSES法构成的模型。环境因子优化的TSES法能够提高模型的精度,解决多因子作为约束条件取样中因子选取的问题,为滑坡易发性评价采集负样本提供了新的思路。展开更多
基金Foundation item: Project(1220BAK10B06) supported by the National "Twelfth Five-Year" Plan for Science & Technology Support Program of China Project(20100101110026) supported by the PhD Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China Project(2009RS0050) supported by the Key Innovation Team Support Fund of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘An optimal drainage tunnel location determination method for landslide prevention was proposed to solve the existing problems in drainage tunnel construction. Current applications of drainage tunnel systems in China were reviewed and the fimctions of drainage tunnel were categorized as catchment and interception. Numerical simulations were conducted. The results show that both catchment and interception tunnels have variation of the function in the simulation of monolayer model, which shows the reduction of permeability condition in lower layer. The function of catchment can be observed in the deep slope, while the function of interception is observed near groundwater source. By using the slope safety factor and discharge water amount as the objectives of optimal drainage tunnel location, and pore-water pressure in fixed node and section flux as the judgment for construction quality of adjacent drainage tunnel, the design principle of drainage tunnel was introduced. The K103 Landslide was illustrated as an example to determine the optimal drainage tunnel location. The measured drainage tunnel efficiency was evaluated and compared with that from the numerical analyses based on groundwater data. The results validate the present numerical study.
文摘构建准确的滑坡预测模型和确定环境因子的贡献程度,对滑坡易发性评价具有重要意义。在以往研究中,最大熵物种分布(maximum entropy model,MaxEnt)模型因其对样本量要求低、预测精度高和可避免模型过度拟合等优点,被广泛运用在生态学领域。以沅陵县为研究区,基于342处滑坡灾害点数据和9个环境变量,分别采用确定性系数(certainty factor,CF)模型、逻辑回归(Logistic)模型和MaxEnt模型对沅陵县进行滑坡易发性分区预测。同时采用刀切法(Jackknife)检验环境因子对预测结果的贡献程度,确定滑坡地质灾害的主要影响因素。结果表明:确定性系数模型、逻辑回归模型和MaxEnt模型的受试者特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)下面积(area under the curve,AUC)值分别为0.827、0.803、0.911,3种模型的预测精度均较高,且MaxEnt模型精度最高,表现较好;河流是影响研究区滑坡灾害发生贡献程度最高的环境因子;滑坡灾害主要发育在以河流为中心向外延伸100 m范围内,集中分布在沅江、深溪和兰溪附近。研究能为沅陵县地质灾害易发性评价提供一种新的方法。
文摘致灾环境因子是滑坡易发性预测建模的输入变量,是指影响滑坡发生、发展和分布的各种边坡自然属性因子。类型齐全且意义明确的致灾环境因子,对提高滑坡易发性结果的准确性和可靠性至关重要。为了进一步明确致灾环境因子的研究现状和未来展望,本研究在Web of Science的核心合集数据库中进行了文献检索,标题中包含“landslide susceptibility”,出版日期范围从20130101-20231231,收集了767篇滑坡易发性英文论文构成文献数据库。首先统计每篇文献中致灾环境因子数量、获取方法、来源、重要性和认可度等信息,然后详述了致灾环境因子的定义和物理意义;之后对致灾环境因子的优化选取/组合方法、因子联接方法、因子误差及其适宜性等特征进行了讨论,为后续预测滑坡易发性时选取致灾环境因子的不确定性研究提供参考。综述结果表明:(1)文献数据库中共统计出82种致灾环境因子,使用频率较高的因子有40余种,其中坡度、坡向、高程、岩性是使用频率最高的4个因子,坡度、高程、公路密度、岩性、降雨等因子在滑坡易发性预测中的重要性依次增高;(2)发现采用类型齐全且物理意义明确的致灾环境因子、基于环境因子联接方法来构建模型输入变量、消除环境因子中的随机误差、提升环境因子的适宜性和内在可解释性等研究有利于大幅提升机器学习方法预测滑坡易发性的性能,在未来研究中需要重点关注这些关键问题。
文摘滑坡易发性评价是滑坡灾害防治的重要手段之一,而不合理的滑坡负样本会影响滑坡易发性评价,从而影响到滑坡灾害的防治,因此提供一种合理的负样本选取方法变得尤为关键。以西藏米林市的古滑坡为例,选择高程、坡度、坡向、坡位、距道路距离、距断层距离、距水系距离、地形起伏度、地层岩性、土地利用类型10类环境因子,使用Relief算法计算环境因子的贡献值并依据贡献值优化选择环境因子;基于环境因子优化的目标空间外向化采样法(target space exteriorization sampling,简称TSES)选择负样本,作为性能优异的随机森林模型的输入变量;之后结合优化的环境因子和正或负样本预测米林市的滑坡易发性,并用混淆矩阵和ROC曲线评价构建模型的性能。为检验环境因子优化的TSES法的有效性和先进性,采用耦合信息量法和TSES法选择滑坡负样本并构建随机森林模型,与环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型进行对比研究。结果表明,环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型的评价效果较好,其ACC为93.7%、AUC为0.987,均高于耦合信息量、TSES法构成的模型。环境因子优化的TSES法能够提高模型的精度,解决多因子作为约束条件取样中因子选取的问题,为滑坡易发性评价采集负样本提供了新的思路。