Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to asse...Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to assess this complex toxicity endpoint and will be valuable for screening emerging pollutants as well as for m anaging new chemicals in China.Currently,there are few published DART prediction models in China,but many related research and development projects are in progress.In 2013,WU et al.published an expert rule-based DART decision tree(DT).This DT relies on known chemical structures linked to DART to forecast DART potential of a given chemical.Within this procedure,an accurate DART data interpretation is the foundation of building and expanding the DT.This paper excerpted case studies demonstrating DART data curation and interpretation of four chemicals(including 8-hydroxyquinoline,3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol,thiacloprid,and imidacloprid)to expand the existing DART DT.Chemicals were first selected from the database of Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment(MEESCC)in China.The structures of these 4 chemicals were analyzed and preliminarily grouped by chemists based on core structural features,functional groups,receptor binding property,metabolism,and possible mode of actions.Then,the DART conclusion was derived by collecting chemical information,searching,integrating,and interpreting DART data by the toxicologists.Finally,these chemicals were classified into either an existing category or a new category via integrating their chemical features,DART conclusions,and biological properties.The results showed that 8-hydroxyquinoline impacted estrous cyclicity,s exual organ weights,and embryonal development,and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol caused central nervous system(CNS)malformations,which were added to an existing subcategory 8e(aromatic compounds with multi-halogen and nitro groups)of the DT.Thiacloprid caused dystocia and fetal skeletal malformation,and imidacloprid disrupted the endocrine system and male fertility.They both contain 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine substituted imidazolidine c yclic ring,which were expected to create a new category of neonicotinoids.The current work delineates a t ransparent process of curating toxicological data for the purpose of DART data interpretation.In the presence of sufficient related structures and DART data,the DT can be expanded by iteratively adding chemicals within the a pplicable domain of each category or subcategory.This DT can potentially serve as a tool for screening emerging pollutants and assessing new chemicals in China.展开更多
Political skill is a critical interpersonal competency.However,the self-reported political skill scale is unsuitable for personnel selection beacuse it may lead to socially desirable responses,thereby compromising the...Political skill is a critical interpersonal competency.However,the self-reported political skill scale is unsuitable for personnel selection beacuse it may lead to socially desirable responses,thereby compromising the authenticity of the test scores.Consequently,the absence of a valid assessment method limits the application of political skill in selection con-texts.In this study,we applied the situational judgment test(SJT)method to measure political skill and conducted two sub-studies to evaluate the reliability and validity of the situational judgment test of political skill(SJT-PS).Study 1 focused on the development and initial testing of the SJT-PS.The results demonstrated that the SJT-PS possessed strong structural validity and reliability.Study 2 aimed to assess the criterion-related and incremental validity of the SJT-PS.To evaluate the predictive validity of the SJT-PS in selection contexts,we first compared the correlations between the SJT-PS and self-reported political skill with social desirability.Subsequently,we selected team-member exchange(TMX)and workplace popularity as criteria.The results indicated that the SJT-PS was less affected by social desirability,while self-reported political skill exhibited a significant positive correlation with social desirability.Additionally,the SJT-PS positively pre-dicted TMX and workplace popularity and demonstrated incremental validity over the self-reported political skill scale.展开更多
由于半透明光伏窗中的太阳能电池对太阳辐射光谱有选择作用,光伏窗建筑的能耗和室内光热环境与普通白玻建筑均有差异。在建筑物应用光伏窗时,需有特定的热工参数设计值进行参考,但目前缺少相关依据。因此,文章以太原某办公建筑为例,建...由于半透明光伏窗中的太阳能电池对太阳辐射光谱有选择作用,光伏窗建筑的能耗和室内光热环境与普通白玻建筑均有差异。在建筑物应用光伏窗时,需有特定的热工参数设计值进行参考,但目前缺少相关依据。因此,文章以太原某办公建筑为例,建立基准建筑和设计建筑模型,探究传热系数(Heat Transfer Coefficient, U-value)和太阳得热系数(Solar Heat Gain Coefficient, SHGC)对光伏窗建筑能耗的影响,并采用权衡判断法得出光伏窗U值和SHGC值的推荐范围。结果表明:在太原地区应用光伏窗时,较小的U值和较大的SHGC值更有利于建筑节能;当光伏窗建筑窗墙比大于0.60、透过率等于0.46时,U值的最大限值是现有节能标准限值的1.9倍;通过对比不同窗墙比时SHGC值的推荐范围,发现随着窗墙比的增大,SHGC下限值减小了25%。研究结果对于光伏窗建筑热工设计与优化具有一定的指导意义与参考价值。展开更多
文摘Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to assess this complex toxicity endpoint and will be valuable for screening emerging pollutants as well as for m anaging new chemicals in China.Currently,there are few published DART prediction models in China,but many related research and development projects are in progress.In 2013,WU et al.published an expert rule-based DART decision tree(DT).This DT relies on known chemical structures linked to DART to forecast DART potential of a given chemical.Within this procedure,an accurate DART data interpretation is the foundation of building and expanding the DT.This paper excerpted case studies demonstrating DART data curation and interpretation of four chemicals(including 8-hydroxyquinoline,3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol,thiacloprid,and imidacloprid)to expand the existing DART DT.Chemicals were first selected from the database of Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment(MEESCC)in China.The structures of these 4 chemicals were analyzed and preliminarily grouped by chemists based on core structural features,functional groups,receptor binding property,metabolism,and possible mode of actions.Then,the DART conclusion was derived by collecting chemical information,searching,integrating,and interpreting DART data by the toxicologists.Finally,these chemicals were classified into either an existing category or a new category via integrating their chemical features,DART conclusions,and biological properties.The results showed that 8-hydroxyquinoline impacted estrous cyclicity,s exual organ weights,and embryonal development,and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol caused central nervous system(CNS)malformations,which were added to an existing subcategory 8e(aromatic compounds with multi-halogen and nitro groups)of the DT.Thiacloprid caused dystocia and fetal skeletal malformation,and imidacloprid disrupted the endocrine system and male fertility.They both contain 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine substituted imidazolidine c yclic ring,which were expected to create a new category of neonicotinoids.The current work delineates a t ransparent process of curating toxicological data for the purpose of DART data interpretation.In the presence of sufficient related structures and DART data,the DT can be expanded by iteratively adding chemicals within the a pplicable domain of each category or subcategory.This DT can potentially serve as a tool for screening emerging pollutants and assessing new chemicals in China.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(7191001010)。
文摘Political skill is a critical interpersonal competency.However,the self-reported political skill scale is unsuitable for personnel selection beacuse it may lead to socially desirable responses,thereby compromising the authenticity of the test scores.Consequently,the absence of a valid assessment method limits the application of political skill in selection con-texts.In this study,we applied the situational judgment test(SJT)method to measure political skill and conducted two sub-studies to evaluate the reliability and validity of the situational judgment test of political skill(SJT-PS).Study 1 focused on the development and initial testing of the SJT-PS.The results demonstrated that the SJT-PS possessed strong structural validity and reliability.Study 2 aimed to assess the criterion-related and incremental validity of the SJT-PS.To evaluate the predictive validity of the SJT-PS in selection contexts,we first compared the correlations between the SJT-PS and self-reported political skill with social desirability.Subsequently,we selected team-member exchange(TMX)and workplace popularity as criteria.The results indicated that the SJT-PS was less affected by social desirability,while self-reported political skill exhibited a significant positive correlation with social desirability.Additionally,the SJT-PS positively pre-dicted TMX and workplace popularity and demonstrated incremental validity over the self-reported political skill scale.
文摘由于半透明光伏窗中的太阳能电池对太阳辐射光谱有选择作用,光伏窗建筑的能耗和室内光热环境与普通白玻建筑均有差异。在建筑物应用光伏窗时,需有特定的热工参数设计值进行参考,但目前缺少相关依据。因此,文章以太原某办公建筑为例,建立基准建筑和设计建筑模型,探究传热系数(Heat Transfer Coefficient, U-value)和太阳得热系数(Solar Heat Gain Coefficient, SHGC)对光伏窗建筑能耗的影响,并采用权衡判断法得出光伏窗U值和SHGC值的推荐范围。结果表明:在太原地区应用光伏窗时,较小的U值和较大的SHGC值更有利于建筑节能;当光伏窗建筑窗墙比大于0.60、透过率等于0.46时,U值的最大限值是现有节能标准限值的1.9倍;通过对比不同窗墙比时SHGC值的推荐范围,发现随着窗墙比的增大,SHGC下限值减小了25%。研究结果对于光伏窗建筑热工设计与优化具有一定的指导意义与参考价值。
