In the tropical regions represented by Hainan,there are abundant solar and thermal resources,and it is relatively suitable for the construction of photovoltaic greenhouse(PVG).However,the construction of PVG still rel...In the tropical regions represented by Hainan,there are abundant solar and thermal resources,and it is relatively suitable for the construction of photovoltaic greenhouse(PVG).However,the construction of PVG still relies mainly on experience and is incapable of quantifying the balance between the photovoltaic(PV)generation and the light requirements for agricultural production.As a result,actual PVGs are primarily PV-based,without carefully considering the needs of agricultural daylighting.To quantify the influence of the design parameters of PVGs and the layout of PV panels on the internal daylighting of serrated PVGs,and to optimize the daylighting design of the roof,this paper utilizes the Design Builder software to establish gradient models for a multi-span serrated-type PVG in tropical regions.Gradient models were established in terms of aspects,namely span,width of longitudinal/transverse daylighting strip,height,roof angle,and photovoltaic panel coverage rate(PCR).Daylighting in the greenhouse of each gradient model was simulated,and with the annual average daily light integral(A_(DLI))and distribution uniformity(DU)as evaluation indicators,the influence of various design parameters on the daylighting inside the greenhouse was quantified.The result reveals that:(1)PCR is the decisive indicator for daylighting in the PVG,and a function between PCR and the A_(DLI) is derived as A_(DLI)=-15.5 PCR+16.841;(2)Increasing the width of longitudinal daylighting strip significantly improves the A_(DLI) and enhances DU while increasing the span has a noticeable effect on improving A_(DLI) but does not significantly enhance DU;(3)Increasing the eave height without changing PCR does not enhance A_(DLI) but effectively improves DU;increasing the transverse daylighting strip and adjusting the roof angle hardly improves A_(DLI).In summary,it is recommended that the optimal span for PVGs in tropical regions be set within the range of 6.5-8.0m,and the eave height be set within the range of 2.5-3.5m.Preferably,the longitudinal daylighting strip with a width ranging from 0.5-0.8m should be installed.Based on the above relationship function,the PCR can be calculated according to the appropriate light demand for the cultivated crops.The daylighting design theory proposed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the healthy development of the PV industry in tropical regions.展开更多
[Objective]Under the combined impact of climate change and urbanization,urban rainstorm flood disasters occur frequently,seriously restricting urban safety and sustainable development.Relying on traditional grey infra...[Objective]Under the combined impact of climate change and urbanization,urban rainstorm flood disasters occur frequently,seriously restricting urban safety and sustainable development.Relying on traditional grey infrastructure such as pipe networks for urban stormwater management is not enough to deal with urban rainstorm flood disasters under extreme rainfall events.The integration of green,grey and blue systems(GGB-integrated system)is gradually gaining recognition in the field of global flood prevention.It is necessary to further clarify the connotation,technical and engineering implementation strategies of the GGB-integrated system,to provide support for the resilient city construction.[Methods]Through literature retrieval and analysis,the relevant research and progress related to the layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization of the GGBintegrated system were systematically reviewed.In response to existing limitations and future engineering application requirements,key supporting technologies including the utilization of overground emergency storage spaces,safety protection of underground important infrastructure and multi-departmental collaboration,were proposed.A layout optimization framework and a joint scheduling framework for the GGB-integrated system were also developed.[Results]Current research on layout optimization predominantly focuses on the integration of green system and grey system,with relatively fewer studies incorporating blue system infrastructure into the optimization process.Moreover,these studies tend to be on a smaller scale with simpler scenarios,which do not fully capture the complexity of real-world systems.Additionally,optimization objective tend to prioritize environmental and economic goals,while social and ecological factors are less frequently considered.Current research on joint scheduling optimization is often limited to small-scale plots,with insufficient attention paid to the entire system.There is a deficiency in method for real-time,automated determination of optimal control strategies for combinations of multiple system facilities based on actual rainfall-runoff processes.Additionally,the application of emergency facilities during extreme conditions is not sufficiently addressed.Furthermore,both layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization lack consideration of the mute feed effect of flood and waterlogging in urban,watershed and regional scales.[Conclusion]Future research needs to improve the theoretical framework for layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization of GGB-integrated system.Through the comprehensive application of the Internet of things,artificial intelligence,coupling model development,multi-scale analysis,multi-scenario simulation,and the establishment of multi-departmental collaboration mechanisms,it can enhance the flood resilience of urban areas in response to rainfall events of varying intensities,particularly extreme rainfall events.展开更多
Recently,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-aided free-space optical(FSO)communication has attracted widespread attentions.However,most of the existing research focuses on communication performance only.The authors investig...Recently,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-aided free-space optical(FSO)communication has attracted widespread attentions.However,most of the existing research focuses on communication performance only.The authors investigate the integrated scheduling of communication,sensing,and control for UAV-aided FSO communication systems.Initially,a sensing-control model is established via the control theory.Moreover,an FSO communication channel model is established by considering the effects of atmospheric loss,atmospheric turbulence,geometrical loss,and angle-of-arrival fluctuation.Then,the relationship between the motion control of the UAV and radial displacement is obtained to link the control aspect and communication aspect.Assuming that the base station has instantaneous channel state information(CSI)or statistical CSI,the thresholds of the sensing-control pattern activation are designed,respectively.Finally,an integrated scheduling scheme for performing communication,sensing,and control is proposed.Numerical results indicate that,compared with conventional time-triggered scheme,the proposed integrated scheduling scheme obtains comparable communication and control performance,but reduces the sensing consumed power by 52.46%.展开更多
英国新的创新、大学与技能部于2007年发布了白皮书World Class Skills:Implementing the Leitch Review of Skills in England,从世界一流技能的目标、支持个人改善技能、增加雇主的发言权、创设新型的技术发展伙伴关系和重视年轻人工...英国新的创新、大学与技能部于2007年发布了白皮书World Class Skills:Implementing the Leitch Review of Skills in England,从世界一流技能的目标、支持个人改善技能、增加雇主的发言权、创设新型的技术发展伙伴关系和重视年轻人工作和生活所需技能的培训等五个方面,阐述了英国提高全社会劳动力技能的计划及措施,以确保英国在2020年成为世界经济的领跑者。展开更多
Critical care medicine focuses on understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment approaches for life-threatening conditions,including sepsis,severe trauma/burns,hemorrhagic shock,heatstroke,and acute pa...Critical care medicine focuses on understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment approaches for life-threatening conditions,including sepsis,severe trauma/burns,hemorrhagic shock,heatstroke,and acute pancreatitis,all of which have high incidence rates.These conditions are primarily characterized by acute multi-organ dysfunction,with sudden onset,severe illness,and high mortality rates.Additionally,critical care treatment demands substantial medical resources,imposing significant economic burdens on patients’families and society.In recent years,critical care medicine has achieved notable progress,especially in multidisciplinary integration with immunology-based fields.Collaboration across disciplines has not only accelerated advancements in critical care but also propelled the rapid development of modern immunology.This paper provides an overview and assessment of the cross-disciplinary fusion between critical care medicine and immunology,exploring how these fields related extensions mutually enhance each other.It further analyzes China’s potential to become a global leader in this area within the next 5 to 10 years.展开更多
The integration method of exploding foil initiator system(EFIs) used to be researched to broaden its application range in military and aerospace in the last few decades.In order to lower the firing voltage below 1 kV,...The integration method of exploding foil initiator system(EFIs) used to be researched to broaden its application range in military and aerospace in the last few decades.In order to lower the firing voltage below 1 kV,an integrated EFIs with enhanced energy efficiency was designed.Corresponding exploding foil initiator chips were fabricated in batch via micro electromechanical systems technology by integrating a unified foil,a flyer layer and a barrel on a glass substrate successively,meanwhile its package of the whole system was proposed at a volume of 2.194 cm^(3).The structural parameters were determined by predicted performance including flyer velocity,impact behavior and conduction property via the proposed theoretical models and the static electric field simulation.As expect,this integrated EFIs exhibited excellent functions,which could accelerate the flyer to a terminal velocity over 4 km/s and preeminently initiate HNS-IV pellet at a circuit of 0.24 μF/0.9 kV.Furthermore,the theoretical design,fabrication and performance test have been all included to validate the feasibility of this integrated EFIs that was beneficial for its commercial development in the future.展开更多
近年来,综合能源系统作为一种以多种能源形态和设备相互交互的能源系统方案得到了广泛应用和研究.然而,在面对动态复杂的多能源系统时,传统的优化调度方法往往无法满足其实时性和精准度需求.因此,本文设计了一种软深度确定性策略梯度(So...近年来,综合能源系统作为一种以多种能源形态和设备相互交互的能源系统方案得到了广泛应用和研究.然而,在面对动态复杂的多能源系统时,传统的优化调度方法往往无法满足其实时性和精准度需求.因此,本文设计了一种软深度确定性策略梯度(Soft Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient,Soft-DDPG)算法驱动的综合能源系统优化调度方法,以最小化调度周期内系统总运行成本为目标,建立设备运行综合能效评估模型,再采用Soft-DDPG算法对每个能源设备的能效调度动作进行优化控制.Soft-DDPG算法将softmax算子引入到动作值函数的计算中,有效降低了Q值高估问题.与此同时,该算法在动作选择策略中加入了随机噪声,提高了算法的学习效率.实验结果显示,本文所提出的方法解决了综合能源系统能效调度实时性差、精准度低的瓶颈问题,实现了系统的高效灵活调度,降低了系统的总运行成本.展开更多
Fault prediction technology of running state of electromechanical systems is one of the key technologies that ensure safe and reliable operation of electromechanical equipment in health state. For multiple types of mo...Fault prediction technology of running state of electromechanical systems is one of the key technologies that ensure safe and reliable operation of electromechanical equipment in health state. For multiple types of modern, high-end and key electromechanical equipment, this paper will describe the early faults prediction method for multi-type electromechanical systems, which is favorable for predicting early faults of complex electromechanical systems in non-stationary, nonlinear, variable working conditions and long-time running state; the paper shall introduce the reconfigurable integration technology of series safety monitoring systems based on which the integrated development platform of series safety monitoring systems is built. This platform can adapt to integrated R&D of series safety monitoring systems characterized by high technology, multiple species and low volume. With the help of this platform, series safety monitoring systems were developed, and the Remote Network Security Monitoring Center for Facility Groups was built. Experimental research and engineering applications show that: this new fault prediction method has realized the development trend features extraction of typical electromechanical systems, multi-information fusion, intelligent information decision-making and so on, improving the processing accuracy, relevance and applicability of information; new reconfigurable integration technologies have improved the integration level and R&D efficiency of series safety monitoring systems as well as expanded the scope of application; the series safety monitoring systems developed based on reconfigurable integration platform has already played an important role in many aspects including ensuring safety operation of equipment, stabilizing product quality, optimizing running state, saving energy consumption, reducing environmental pollution, improving working conditions, carrying out scientific maintenance, advancing equipment utilization, saving maintenance charge and enhancing the level of information management.展开更多
With the deepening informationization of Resources & Environment Remote Sensing geological survey conducted,some potential problems and deficiency are:(1) shortage of unified-planed running environment;(2) inconsi...With the deepening informationization of Resources & Environment Remote Sensing geological survey conducted,some potential problems and deficiency are:(1) shortage of unified-planed running environment;(2) inconsistent methods of data integration;and(3) disadvantages of different performing ways of data integration.This paper solves the above problems through overall planning and design,constructs unified running environment, consistent methods of data integration and system structure in order to advance the informationization展开更多
The 3D clearance of a high-speed train(HST) is critical to ensure the safety of railway transportation. Many studies have been conducted on the inspection of the clearance profile in railway operation based on the vis...The 3D clearance of a high-speed train(HST) is critical to ensure the safety of railway transportation. Many studies have been conducted on the inspection of the clearance profile in railway operation based on the vision system, but few researchers have focused on the computation of the 3D clearance in the design phase of an HST. This paper summarizes the virtual 3D clearance computation of an HST based on model integration and the convex hull method. First, both the aerodynamic and kinetic analysis models of the HST are constructed. The two models are then integrated according to the corresponding relationship map, and an array of transformation matrixes of the HST is created to drive the designed model simulating the physical railway motion. Furthermore, the convex hull method is adopted to compute the 3D envelope of the moving train. Finally, the Hausdorff metric is involved in the measurement of the minimum clearance model and the 3D envelope model. In addition, the color map of the Hausdorff distance is established to verify that the designed shape of the HST meets the national standards. This paper provides an effective method to accurately calculate the 3D clearance for the shape design of an HST, which greatly reduces the development cost by minimizing the physical prototype that must be built.展开更多
During the time of building enterprise information System （EIS）, agility of enterprise can＇ t be improved entirely just through implementing the system such as： ERP, PDM, CAPP and so on. There is an information ga...During the time of building enterprise information System （EIS）, agility of enterprise can＇ t be improved entirely just through implementing the system such as： ERP, PDM, CAPP and so on. There is an information gap between bottom rnannfacturing equipment and the top EIS, that makes against elevating the agility of enterprise. Building Web- CNC and realizing its integration with EIS is an effect way to solve this problem. The architecture of Web- CNC, the integration of Web- CNC and EIS are detailed. Lastly, an instance is analyzed and discussed.展开更多
The globalization and the intensive competition of th e automotive market require shortening the product development cycle, improving the quality and reducing the cost. Optimizing the product development process, b ui...The globalization and the intensive competition of th e automotive market require shortening the product development cycle, improving the quality and reducing the cost. Optimizing the product development process, b uilding product’s consistent defining model for life cycle, and realizing the in tegration of CAD/CAM/CAE and Concurrent Engineering (CE) become the means to acc ept the challenge. A new product modeling technology, Multi Model Technology (MM T), is provided in this paper to meet the needs of the challenge for automotive powertrain product development. First, the paper introduces the concept of Multi Model Technology. MMT introduce s Object-oriented Technology (OT) into product modeling process and combine OT with feature-based modeling technology. With the help of OT, MMT builds product object model to support system level management in product development. The obj ect model of the product is a Multi Model Structure. The MMS consists of finish part model level (assembly model level), rough part model level (part model leve l), function model level and basic model level. Every models in the MMS is creat ed by feature-based technology in design process. In this case, models in the M MS of product can be shared by casting mould, sand core and sand core mould. The refore, CAD engineers, CAE engineers and CAM engineers can work concurrently and the integration of CAD/CAM/CAE can be realized. Second, MMT is applied in cylinder head development. The multi model structures of cylinder head, its casting mould, sand core and sand core mould are built, an d the process-oriented feature models of every objects in the multi model struc tures are modeled, the application of different model objects in development pro cess is analyzed. The integrated modeling technology of cylinder head, its casti ng mould, sand core and sand core mould under MMT is studied. And the concurrent engineering oriented integration method of CAD/CAE and the method to realize th e integration of CAD/CAE under MMT are also discussed. Based on above, the integ ration of CAD/CAM/CAE of cylinder head is realized in automotive powertrain prod uct. The practice results shows that the modeling technology in this paper can optimi ze the development process, realize the data sharing and concurrent engineering in the product development process.展开更多
In this paper,an integrated estimation guidance and control(IEGC)system is designed based on the command filtered backstepping approach for circular field-of-view(FOV)strapdown missiles.The threedimensional integrated...In this paper,an integrated estimation guidance and control(IEGC)system is designed based on the command filtered backstepping approach for circular field-of-view(FOV)strapdown missiles.The threedimensional integrated estimation guidance and control nonlinear model with limited actuator deflection angle is established considering the seeker's FOV constraint.The boundary time-varying integral barrier Lyapunov function(IBLF)is employed in backstepping design to constrain the body line-of-sight(BLOS)in IEGC system to fit a circular FOV.Then,the nonlinear adaptive controller is designed to estimate the changing aerodynamic parameters.The generalized extended state observer(GESO)is designed to estimate the acceleration of the maneuvering targets and the unmatched time-varying disturbances for improving tracking accuracy.Furthermore,the command filters are used to solve the"differential expansion"problem during the backstepping design.The Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the overall closed-loop IEGC system.Finally,the simulation results validate the integrated system's effectiveness,achieving high accuracy strikes against maneuvering targets.展开更多
Silicon(Si)diffraction microlens arrays are usually used to integrating with infrared focal plane arrays(IRFPAs)to improve their performance.The errors of lithography are unavoidable in the process of the Si diffrac-t...Silicon(Si)diffraction microlens arrays are usually used to integrating with infrared focal plane arrays(IRFPAs)to improve their performance.The errors of lithography are unavoidable in the process of the Si diffrac-tion microlens arrays preparation in the conventional engraving method.It has a serious impact on its performance and subsequent applications.In response to the problem of errors of Si diffraction microlens arrays in the conven-tional method,a novel self-alignment method for high precision Si diffraction microlens arrays preparation is pro-posed.The accuracy of the Si diffractive microlens arrays preparation is determined by the accuracy of the first li-thography mask in the novel self-alignment method.In the subsequent etching,the etched area will be protected by the mask layer and the sacrifice layer or the protective layer.The unprotection area is carved to effectively block the non-etching areas,accurately etch the etching area required,and solve the problem of errors.The high precision Si diffraction microlens arrays are obtained by the novel self-alignment method and the diffraction effi-ciency could reach 92.6%.After integrating with IRFPAs,the average blackbody responsity increased by 8.3%,and the average blackbody detectivity increased by 10.3%.It indicates that the Si diffraction microlens arrays can improve the filling factor and reduce crosstalk of IRFPAs through convergence,thereby improving the perfor-mance of the IRFPAs.The results are of great reference significance for improving their performance through opti-mizing the preparation level of micro nano devices.展开更多
Various application domains require the integration of distributed real-time or near-real-time systems with non-real-time systems.Smart cities,smart homes,ambient intelligent systems,or network-centric defense systems...Various application domains require the integration of distributed real-time or near-real-time systems with non-real-time systems.Smart cities,smart homes,ambient intelligent systems,or network-centric defense systems are among these application domains.Data Distribution Service(DDS)is a communication mechanism based on Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe(DCPS)model.It is used for distributed systems with real-time operational constraints.Java Message Service(JMS)is a messaging standard for enterprise systems using Service Oriented Architecture(SOA)for non-real-time operations.JMS allows Java programs to exchange messages in a loosely coupled fashion.JMS also supports sending and receiving messages using a messaging queue and a publish-subscribe interface.In this article,we propose an architecture enabling the automated integration of distributed real-time and non-real-time systems.We test our proposed architecture using a distributed Command,Control,Communications,Computers,and Intelligence(C4I)system.The system has DDS-based real-time Combat Management System components deployed to naval warships,and SOA-based non-real-time Command and Control components used at headquarters.The proposed solution enables the exchange of data between these two systems efficiently.We compare the proposed solution with a similar study.Our solution is superior in terms of automation support,ease of implementation,scalability,and performance.展开更多
In order to improve the detection accuracy of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne(DASH)interferometer in harsh temperatures,an opto-mechanical-thermal integration analysis is carried out.Firstly,the correlation betw...In order to improve the detection accuracy of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne(DASH)interferometer in harsh temperatures,an opto-mechanical-thermal integration analysis is carried out.Firstly,the correlation between the interference phase and temperature is established according to the working principle and the phase algorithm of the interferometer.Secondly,the optical mechanical thermal analysis model and thermal deformation data acquisition model are designed.The deformation data of the interference module and the imaging optical system at different temperatures are given by temperature load simulation analysis,and the phase error caused by thermal deformation is obtained by fitting.Finally,based on the wind speed error caused by thermal deformation of each component,a reasonable temperature control scheme is proposed.The results show that the interference module occupies the main cause,the temperature must be controlled within(20±0.05)℃,and the temperature control should be carried out for the temperature sensitive parts,and the wind speed error caused by the part is 3.8 m/s.The thermal drift between the magnification of the imaging optical system and the thermal drift of the relative position between the imaging optical system and the detector should occupy the secondary cause,which should be controlled within(20±2)℃,and the wind speed error caused by the part is 3.05 m/s.In summary,the wind measurement error caused by interference module,imaging optical system,and the relative position between the imaging optical system and the detector can be controlled within 6.85 m/s.The analysis and temperature control schemes presented in this paper can provide theoretical basis for DASH interferometer engineering applications.展开更多
Globally exponential stability （which implies convergence and uniqueness） of their classical iterative algorithm is established using methods of heat equations and energy integral after embedding the discrete iterat...Globally exponential stability （which implies convergence and uniqueness） of their classical iterative algorithm is established using methods of heat equations and energy integral after embedding the discrete iteration into a continuous flow. The stability condition depends explicitly on smoothness of the image sequence, size of image domain, value of the regularization parameter, and finally discretization step. Specifically, as the discretization step approaches to zero, stability holds unconditionally. The analysis also clarifies relations among the iterative algorithm, the original variation formulation and the PDE system. The proper regularity of solution and natural images is briefly surveyed and discussed. Experimental results validate the theoretical claims both on convergence and exponential stability.展开更多
The paper is devoted to the analytic theory of differential equations.In paper shown that how to establish the analytical properties of solutions of an autonomous system of the third order special type(meromorphy of g...The paper is devoted to the analytic theory of differential equations.In paper shown that how to establish the analytical properties of solutions of an autonomous system of the third order special type(meromorphy of general solutions,instances of availability logarithmic branch points).The method for constructing the first integrals of the systems under consideration is indicated.展开更多
The integration of building with solar collector was studied. The theoretical model of integration of building envelopes and flat plate solar collectors was set up and the thermal performance of integration was studie...The integration of building with solar collector was studied. The theoretical model of integration of building envelopes and flat plate solar collectors was set up and the thermal performance of integration was studied in winter and summer,and compared to envelopes without solar collectors. The results show that the solar collection efficiency is raised in the integration of building envelopes and solar collectors with the air layer doors closed. This is true whether in winter or summer. The increment is higher as the inlet water temperature increases or the ambient temperature is low. In winter,the heat loss is significantly reduced through integration of the building envelopes and solar collectors with the closed air layer doors. The integration with the open air layer door is worse than that without collectors. In summer,the heat gains of the integration of envelopes and solar collectors are more obviously reduced than envelopes without collectors,the integration with the open air layer door is a little better than the closed one,but the difference is very small.展开更多
基金2024 Science and Technology Commissioner Service Group's Emergency Science and Technology Research Project for Wind Disaster Relief in Hainan Province(ZDYF2024YJGG002-8)China Huaneng Group Co.,Ltd.Headquarters Technology Project,Optimization of Photovoltaic Vegetable Greenhouse Structure and Research on Planting Agronomy in Tropical Regions(HNKJ22-HF77)。
文摘In the tropical regions represented by Hainan,there are abundant solar and thermal resources,and it is relatively suitable for the construction of photovoltaic greenhouse(PVG).However,the construction of PVG still relies mainly on experience and is incapable of quantifying the balance between the photovoltaic(PV)generation and the light requirements for agricultural production.As a result,actual PVGs are primarily PV-based,without carefully considering the needs of agricultural daylighting.To quantify the influence of the design parameters of PVGs and the layout of PV panels on the internal daylighting of serrated PVGs,and to optimize the daylighting design of the roof,this paper utilizes the Design Builder software to establish gradient models for a multi-span serrated-type PVG in tropical regions.Gradient models were established in terms of aspects,namely span,width of longitudinal/transverse daylighting strip,height,roof angle,and photovoltaic panel coverage rate(PCR).Daylighting in the greenhouse of each gradient model was simulated,and with the annual average daily light integral(A_(DLI))and distribution uniformity(DU)as evaluation indicators,the influence of various design parameters on the daylighting inside the greenhouse was quantified.The result reveals that:(1)PCR is the decisive indicator for daylighting in the PVG,and a function between PCR and the A_(DLI) is derived as A_(DLI)=-15.5 PCR+16.841;(2)Increasing the width of longitudinal daylighting strip significantly improves the A_(DLI) and enhances DU while increasing the span has a noticeable effect on improving A_(DLI) but does not significantly enhance DU;(3)Increasing the eave height without changing PCR does not enhance A_(DLI) but effectively improves DU;increasing the transverse daylighting strip and adjusting the roof angle hardly improves A_(DLI).In summary,it is recommended that the optimal span for PVGs in tropical regions be set within the range of 6.5-8.0m,and the eave height be set within the range of 2.5-3.5m.Preferably,the longitudinal daylighting strip with a width ranging from 0.5-0.8m should be installed.Based on the above relationship function,the PCR can be calculated according to the appropriate light demand for the cultivated crops.The daylighting design theory proposed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the healthy development of the PV industry in tropical regions.
文摘[Objective]Under the combined impact of climate change and urbanization,urban rainstorm flood disasters occur frequently,seriously restricting urban safety and sustainable development.Relying on traditional grey infrastructure such as pipe networks for urban stormwater management is not enough to deal with urban rainstorm flood disasters under extreme rainfall events.The integration of green,grey and blue systems(GGB-integrated system)is gradually gaining recognition in the field of global flood prevention.It is necessary to further clarify the connotation,technical and engineering implementation strategies of the GGB-integrated system,to provide support for the resilient city construction.[Methods]Through literature retrieval and analysis,the relevant research and progress related to the layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization of the GGBintegrated system were systematically reviewed.In response to existing limitations and future engineering application requirements,key supporting technologies including the utilization of overground emergency storage spaces,safety protection of underground important infrastructure and multi-departmental collaboration,were proposed.A layout optimization framework and a joint scheduling framework for the GGB-integrated system were also developed.[Results]Current research on layout optimization predominantly focuses on the integration of green system and grey system,with relatively fewer studies incorporating blue system infrastructure into the optimization process.Moreover,these studies tend to be on a smaller scale with simpler scenarios,which do not fully capture the complexity of real-world systems.Additionally,optimization objective tend to prioritize environmental and economic goals,while social and ecological factors are less frequently considered.Current research on joint scheduling optimization is often limited to small-scale plots,with insufficient attention paid to the entire system.There is a deficiency in method for real-time,automated determination of optimal control strategies for combinations of multiple system facilities based on actual rainfall-runoff processes.Additionally,the application of emergency facilities during extreme conditions is not sufficiently addressed.Furthermore,both layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization lack consideration of the mute feed effect of flood and waterlogging in urban,watershed and regional scales.[Conclusion]Future research needs to improve the theoretical framework for layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization of GGB-integrated system.Through the comprehensive application of the Internet of things,artificial intelligence,coupling model development,multi-scale analysis,multi-scenario simulation,and the establishment of multi-departmental collaboration mechanisms,it can enhance the flood resilience of urban areas in response to rainfall events of varying intensities,particularly extreme rainfall events.
文摘Recently,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-aided free-space optical(FSO)communication has attracted widespread attentions.However,most of the existing research focuses on communication performance only.The authors investigate the integrated scheduling of communication,sensing,and control for UAV-aided FSO communication systems.Initially,a sensing-control model is established via the control theory.Moreover,an FSO communication channel model is established by considering the effects of atmospheric loss,atmospheric turbulence,geometrical loss,and angle-of-arrival fluctuation.Then,the relationship between the motion control of the UAV and radial displacement is obtained to link the control aspect and communication aspect.Assuming that the base station has instantaneous channel state information(CSI)or statistical CSI,the thresholds of the sensing-control pattern activation are designed,respectively.Finally,an integrated scheduling scheme for performing communication,sensing,and control is proposed.Numerical results indicate that,compared with conventional time-triggered scheme,the proposed integrated scheduling scheme obtains comparable communication and control performance,but reduces the sensing consumed power by 52.46%.
文摘英国新的创新、大学与技能部于2007年发布了白皮书World Class Skills:Implementing the Leitch Review of Skills in England,从世界一流技能的目标、支持个人改善技能、增加雇主的发言权、创设新型的技术发展伙伴关系和重视年轻人工作和生活所需技能的培训等五个方面,阐述了英国提高全社会劳动力技能的计划及措施,以确保英国在2020年成为世界经济的领跑者。
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(82025021).
文摘Critical care medicine focuses on understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment approaches for life-threatening conditions,including sepsis,severe trauma/burns,hemorrhagic shock,heatstroke,and acute pancreatitis,all of which have high incidence rates.These conditions are primarily characterized by acute multi-organ dysfunction,with sudden onset,severe illness,and high mortality rates.Additionally,critical care treatment demands substantial medical resources,imposing significant economic burdens on patients’families and society.In recent years,critical care medicine has achieved notable progress,especially in multidisciplinary integration with immunology-based fields.Collaboration across disciplines has not only accelerated advancements in critical care but also propelled the rapid development of modern immunology.This paper provides an overview and assessment of the cross-disciplinary fusion between critical care medicine and immunology,exploring how these fields related extensions mutually enhance each other.It further analyzes China’s potential to become a global leader in this area within the next 5 to 10 years.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11872013) to provide fund for conducting experiments。
文摘The integration method of exploding foil initiator system(EFIs) used to be researched to broaden its application range in military and aerospace in the last few decades.In order to lower the firing voltage below 1 kV,an integrated EFIs with enhanced energy efficiency was designed.Corresponding exploding foil initiator chips were fabricated in batch via micro electromechanical systems technology by integrating a unified foil,a flyer layer and a barrel on a glass substrate successively,meanwhile its package of the whole system was proposed at a volume of 2.194 cm^(3).The structural parameters were determined by predicted performance including flyer velocity,impact behavior and conduction property via the proposed theoretical models and the static electric field simulation.As expect,this integrated EFIs exhibited excellent functions,which could accelerate the flyer to a terminal velocity over 4 km/s and preeminently initiate HNS-IV pellet at a circuit of 0.24 μF/0.9 kV.Furthermore,the theoretical design,fabrication and performance test have been all included to validate the feasibility of this integrated EFIs that was beneficial for its commercial development in the future.
文摘近年来,综合能源系统作为一种以多种能源形态和设备相互交互的能源系统方案得到了广泛应用和研究.然而,在面对动态复杂的多能源系统时,传统的优化调度方法往往无法满足其实时性和精准度需求.因此,本文设计了一种软深度确定性策略梯度(Soft Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient,Soft-DDPG)算法驱动的综合能源系统优化调度方法,以最小化调度周期内系统总运行成本为目标,建立设备运行综合能效评估模型,再采用Soft-DDPG算法对每个能源设备的能效调度动作进行优化控制.Soft-DDPG算法将softmax算子引入到动作值函数的计算中,有效降低了Q值高估问题.与此同时,该算法在动作选择策略中加入了随机噪声,提高了算法的学习效率.实验结果显示,本文所提出的方法解决了综合能源系统能效调度实时性差、精准度低的瓶颈问题,实现了系统的高效灵活调度,降低了系统的总运行成本.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Fund Project(51275052)Key project supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(3131002)Open topic of Key Laboratory of Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement & Control Technology,Ministry of Education(KF20141123202,KF20111123201)
文摘Fault prediction technology of running state of electromechanical systems is one of the key technologies that ensure safe and reliable operation of electromechanical equipment in health state. For multiple types of modern, high-end and key electromechanical equipment, this paper will describe the early faults prediction method for multi-type electromechanical systems, which is favorable for predicting early faults of complex electromechanical systems in non-stationary, nonlinear, variable working conditions and long-time running state; the paper shall introduce the reconfigurable integration technology of series safety monitoring systems based on which the integrated development platform of series safety monitoring systems is built. This platform can adapt to integrated R&D of series safety monitoring systems characterized by high technology, multiple species and low volume. With the help of this platform, series safety monitoring systems were developed, and the Remote Network Security Monitoring Center for Facility Groups was built. Experimental research and engineering applications show that: this new fault prediction method has realized the development trend features extraction of typical electromechanical systems, multi-information fusion, intelligent information decision-making and so on, improving the processing accuracy, relevance and applicability of information; new reconfigurable integration technologies have improved the integration level and R&D efficiency of series safety monitoring systems as well as expanded the scope of application; the series safety monitoring systems developed based on reconfigurable integration platform has already played an important role in many aspects including ensuring safety operation of equipment, stabilizing product quality, optimizing running state, saving energy consumption, reducing environmental pollution, improving working conditions, carrying out scientific maintenance, advancing equipment utilization, saving maintenance charge and enhancing the level of information management.
文摘With the deepening informationization of Resources & Environment Remote Sensing geological survey conducted,some potential problems and deficiency are:(1) shortage of unified-planed running environment;(2) inconsistent methods of data integration;and(3) disadvantages of different performing ways of data integration.This paper solves the above problems through overall planning and design,constructs unified running environment, consistent methods of data integration and system structure in order to advance the informationization
基金Projects(51605495,51575541)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2015JJ2168)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China
文摘The 3D clearance of a high-speed train(HST) is critical to ensure the safety of railway transportation. Many studies have been conducted on the inspection of the clearance profile in railway operation based on the vision system, but few researchers have focused on the computation of the 3D clearance in the design phase of an HST. This paper summarizes the virtual 3D clearance computation of an HST based on model integration and the convex hull method. First, both the aerodynamic and kinetic analysis models of the HST are constructed. The two models are then integrated according to the corresponding relationship map, and an array of transformation matrixes of the HST is created to drive the designed model simulating the physical railway motion. Furthermore, the convex hull method is adopted to compute the 3D envelope of the moving train. Finally, the Hausdorff metric is involved in the measurement of the minimum clearance model and the 3D envelope model. In addition, the color map of the Hausdorff distance is established to verify that the designed shape of the HST meets the national standards. This paper provides an effective method to accurately calculate the 3D clearance for the shape design of an HST, which greatly reduces the development cost by minimizing the physical prototype that must be built.
文摘During the time of building enterprise information System （EIS）, agility of enterprise can＇ t be improved entirely just through implementing the system such as： ERP, PDM, CAPP and so on. There is an information gap between bottom rnannfacturing equipment and the top EIS, that makes against elevating the agility of enterprise. Building Web- CNC and realizing its integration with EIS is an effect way to solve this problem. The architecture of Web- CNC, the integration of Web- CNC and EIS are detailed. Lastly, an instance is analyzed and discussed.
文摘The globalization and the intensive competition of th e automotive market require shortening the product development cycle, improving the quality and reducing the cost. Optimizing the product development process, b uilding product’s consistent defining model for life cycle, and realizing the in tegration of CAD/CAM/CAE and Concurrent Engineering (CE) become the means to acc ept the challenge. A new product modeling technology, Multi Model Technology (MM T), is provided in this paper to meet the needs of the challenge for automotive powertrain product development. First, the paper introduces the concept of Multi Model Technology. MMT introduce s Object-oriented Technology (OT) into product modeling process and combine OT with feature-based modeling technology. With the help of OT, MMT builds product object model to support system level management in product development. The obj ect model of the product is a Multi Model Structure. The MMS consists of finish part model level (assembly model level), rough part model level (part model leve l), function model level and basic model level. Every models in the MMS is creat ed by feature-based technology in design process. In this case, models in the M MS of product can be shared by casting mould, sand core and sand core mould. The refore, CAD engineers, CAE engineers and CAM engineers can work concurrently and the integration of CAD/CAM/CAE can be realized. Second, MMT is applied in cylinder head development. The multi model structures of cylinder head, its casting mould, sand core and sand core mould are built, an d the process-oriented feature models of every objects in the multi model struc tures are modeled, the application of different model objects in development pro cess is analyzed. The integrated modeling technology of cylinder head, its casti ng mould, sand core and sand core mould under MMT is studied. And the concurrent engineering oriented integration method of CAD/CAE and the method to realize th e integration of CAD/CAE under MMT are also discussed. Based on above, the integ ration of CAD/CAM/CAE of cylinder head is realized in automotive powertrain prod uct. The practice results shows that the modeling technology in this paper can optimi ze the development process, realize the data sharing and concurrent engineering in the product development process.
文摘In this paper,an integrated estimation guidance and control(IEGC)system is designed based on the command filtered backstepping approach for circular field-of-view(FOV)strapdown missiles.The threedimensional integrated estimation guidance and control nonlinear model with limited actuator deflection angle is established considering the seeker's FOV constraint.The boundary time-varying integral barrier Lyapunov function(IBLF)is employed in backstepping design to constrain the body line-of-sight(BLOS)in IEGC system to fit a circular FOV.Then,the nonlinear adaptive controller is designed to estimate the changing aerodynamic parameters.The generalized extended state observer(GESO)is designed to estimate the acceleration of the maneuvering targets and the unmatched time-varying disturbances for improving tracking accuracy.Furthermore,the command filters are used to solve the"differential expansion"problem during the backstepping design.The Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the overall closed-loop IEGC system.Finally,the simulation results validate the integrated system's effectiveness,achieving high accuracy strikes against maneuvering targets.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 62105100)the National Key research and development program in the 14th five year plan(2021YFA1200700)。
文摘Silicon(Si)diffraction microlens arrays are usually used to integrating with infrared focal plane arrays(IRFPAs)to improve their performance.The errors of lithography are unavoidable in the process of the Si diffrac-tion microlens arrays preparation in the conventional engraving method.It has a serious impact on its performance and subsequent applications.In response to the problem of errors of Si diffraction microlens arrays in the conven-tional method,a novel self-alignment method for high precision Si diffraction microlens arrays preparation is pro-posed.The accuracy of the Si diffractive microlens arrays preparation is determined by the accuracy of the first li-thography mask in the novel self-alignment method.In the subsequent etching,the etched area will be protected by the mask layer and the sacrifice layer or the protective layer.The unprotection area is carved to effectively block the non-etching areas,accurately etch the etching area required,and solve the problem of errors.The high precision Si diffraction microlens arrays are obtained by the novel self-alignment method and the diffraction effi-ciency could reach 92.6%.After integrating with IRFPAs,the average blackbody responsity increased by 8.3%,and the average blackbody detectivity increased by 10.3%.It indicates that the Si diffraction microlens arrays can improve the filling factor and reduce crosstalk of IRFPAs through convergence,thereby improving the perfor-mance of the IRFPAs.The results are of great reference significance for improving their performance through opti-mizing the preparation level of micro nano devices.
文摘Various application domains require the integration of distributed real-time or near-real-time systems with non-real-time systems.Smart cities,smart homes,ambient intelligent systems,or network-centric defense systems are among these application domains.Data Distribution Service(DDS)is a communication mechanism based on Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe(DCPS)model.It is used for distributed systems with real-time operational constraints.Java Message Service(JMS)is a messaging standard for enterprise systems using Service Oriented Architecture(SOA)for non-real-time operations.JMS allows Java programs to exchange messages in a loosely coupled fashion.JMS also supports sending and receiving messages using a messaging queue and a publish-subscribe interface.In this article,we propose an architecture enabling the automated integration of distributed real-time and non-real-time systems.We test our proposed architecture using a distributed Command,Control,Communications,Computers,and Intelligence(C4I)system.The system has DDS-based real-time Combat Management System components deployed to naval warships,and SOA-based non-real-time Command and Control components used at headquarters.The proposed solution enables the exchange of data between these two systems efficiently.We compare the proposed solution with a similar study.Our solution is superior in terms of automation support,ease of implementation,scalability,and performance.
文摘In order to improve the detection accuracy of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne(DASH)interferometer in harsh temperatures,an opto-mechanical-thermal integration analysis is carried out.Firstly,the correlation between the interference phase and temperature is established according to the working principle and the phase algorithm of the interferometer.Secondly,the optical mechanical thermal analysis model and thermal deformation data acquisition model are designed.The deformation data of the interference module and the imaging optical system at different temperatures are given by temperature load simulation analysis,and the phase error caused by thermal deformation is obtained by fitting.Finally,based on the wind speed error caused by thermal deformation of each component,a reasonable temperature control scheme is proposed.The results show that the interference module occupies the main cause,the temperature must be controlled within(20±0.05)℃,and the temperature control should be carried out for the temperature sensitive parts,and the wind speed error caused by the part is 3.8 m/s.The thermal drift between the magnification of the imaging optical system and the thermal drift of the relative position between the imaging optical system and the detector should occupy the secondary cause,which should be controlled within(20±2)℃,and the wind speed error caused by the part is 3.05 m/s.In summary,the wind measurement error caused by interference module,imaging optical system,and the relative position between the imaging optical system and the detector can be controlled within 6.85 m/s.The analysis and temperature control schemes presented in this paper can provide theoretical basis for DASH interferometer engineering applications.
基金Foundation item： Projects（60835005, 90820302） supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project（2007CB311001） supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Globally exponential stability （which implies convergence and uniqueness） of their classical iterative algorithm is established using methods of heat equations and energy integral after embedding the discrete iteration into a continuous flow. The stability condition depends explicitly on smoothness of the image sequence, size of image domain, value of the regularization parameter, and finally discretization step. Specifically, as the discretization step approaches to zero, stability holds unconditionally. The analysis also clarifies relations among the iterative algorithm, the original variation formulation and the PDE system. The proper regularity of solution and natural images is briefly surveyed and discussed. Experimental results validate the theoretical claims both on convergence and exponential stability.
文摘The paper is devoted to the analytic theory of differential equations.In paper shown that how to establish the analytical properties of solutions of an autonomous system of the third order special type(meromorphy of general solutions,instances of availability logarithmic branch points).The method for constructing the first integrals of the systems under consideration is indicated.
基金Project(2006BAJ01A12-10-03) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(J50502) supported by the Leading Discipline of Shanghai Education Commission,China
文摘The integration of building with solar collector was studied. The theoretical model of integration of building envelopes and flat plate solar collectors was set up and the thermal performance of integration was studied in winter and summer,and compared to envelopes without solar collectors. The results show that the solar collection efficiency is raised in the integration of building envelopes and solar collectors with the air layer doors closed. This is true whether in winter or summer. The increment is higher as the inlet water temperature increases or the ambient temperature is low. In winter,the heat loss is significantly reduced through integration of the building envelopes and solar collectors with the closed air layer doors. The integration with the open air layer door is worse than that without collectors. In summer,the heat gains of the integration of envelopes and solar collectors are more obviously reduced than envelopes without collectors,the integration with the open air layer door is a little better than the closed one,but the difference is very small.
