[Objective]Under the combined impact of climate change and urbanization,urban rainstorm flood disasters occur frequently,seriously restricting urban safety and sustainable development.Relying on traditional grey infra...[Objective]Under the combined impact of climate change and urbanization,urban rainstorm flood disasters occur frequently,seriously restricting urban safety and sustainable development.Relying on traditional grey infrastructure such as pipe networks for urban stormwater management is not enough to deal with urban rainstorm flood disasters under extreme rainfall events.The integration of green,grey and blue systems(GGB-integrated system)is gradually gaining recognition in the field of global flood prevention.It is necessary to further clarify the connotation,technical and engineering implementation strategies of the GGB-integrated system,to provide support for the resilient city construction.[Methods]Through literature retrieval and analysis,the relevant research and progress related to the layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization of the GGBintegrated system were systematically reviewed.In response to existing limitations and future engineering application requirements,key supporting technologies including the utilization of overground emergency storage spaces,safety protection of underground important infrastructure and multi-departmental collaboration,were proposed.A layout optimization framework and a joint scheduling framework for the GGB-integrated system were also developed.[Results]Current research on layout optimization predominantly focuses on the integration of green system and grey system,with relatively fewer studies incorporating blue system infrastructure into the optimization process.Moreover,these studies tend to be on a smaller scale with simpler scenarios,which do not fully capture the complexity of real-world systems.Additionally,optimization objective tend to prioritize environmental and economic goals,while social and ecological factors are less frequently considered.Current research on joint scheduling optimization is often limited to small-scale plots,with insufficient attention paid to the entire system.There is a deficiency in method for real-time,automated determination of optimal control strategies for combinations of multiple system facilities based on actual rainfall-runoff processes.Additionally,the application of emergency facilities during extreme conditions is not sufficiently addressed.Furthermore,both layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization lack consideration of the mute feed effect of flood and waterlogging in urban,watershed and regional scales.[Conclusion]Future research needs to improve the theoretical framework for layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization of GGB-integrated system.Through the comprehensive application of the Internet of things,artificial intelligence,coupling model development,multi-scale analysis,multi-scenario simulation,and the establishment of multi-departmental collaboration mechanisms,it can enhance the flood resilience of urban areas in response to rainfall events of varying intensities,particularly extreme rainfall events.展开更多
Recently,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-aided free-space optical(FSO)communication has attracted widespread attentions.However,most of the existing research focuses on communication performance only.The authors investig...Recently,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-aided free-space optical(FSO)communication has attracted widespread attentions.However,most of the existing research focuses on communication performance only.The authors investigate the integrated scheduling of communication,sensing,and control for UAV-aided FSO communication systems.Initially,a sensing-control model is established via the control theory.Moreover,an FSO communication channel model is established by considering the effects of atmospheric loss,atmospheric turbulence,geometrical loss,and angle-of-arrival fluctuation.Then,the relationship between the motion control of the UAV and radial displacement is obtained to link the control aspect and communication aspect.Assuming that the base station has instantaneous channel state information(CSI)or statistical CSI,the thresholds of the sensing-control pattern activation are designed,respectively.Finally,an integrated scheduling scheme for performing communication,sensing,and control is proposed.Numerical results indicate that,compared with conventional time-triggered scheme,the proposed integrated scheduling scheme obtains comparable communication and control performance,but reduces the sensing consumed power by 52.46%.展开更多
The trend of economic globalisation and advances in i nformation technology has led to the emergence of dispersed manufacturing system s as a form of the virtual organisation. New manufacturing strategy pays more at t...The trend of economic globalisation and advances in i nformation technology has led to the emergence of dispersed manufacturing system s as a form of the virtual organisation. New manufacturing strategy pays more at tention to the management of the total value chain and therefore puts emphasis o n outsourcing. In fact, outsourcing is an efficient way of utilizing available r esources and has become one key aspect of the manufacturing strategy. Improved d ecision and organization on outsourcing will result in cost production and short er lead-times. However, most concepts and practice of traditional outsourcing do not adapt to t he changing environment and meet increasing performance requirements. On the oth er hand, virtual organisations might display instability between pure outsourcin g and establishing alliance. Balance and trade-off between independent agents a nd creating alliance are thus required. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a model to support decision-making, management and control on outsou rcing in a dispersed network manufacturing system and to discuss several key iss ues that are relevant to the relationship between the agents of the network. Dev elopment of the model will deploy Applied System Theory and will be built on fou ndations of earlier research on industrial management such the theories of Outso urcing, Order Entry Points, Design of Organisations and Logistic Control. The is sues that will be addressed in this paper are: · The selection of suppliers and co-makers; · Communication between suppliers and clients; · The mechanisms for profit-sharing between agents; · The product data management to integrate the knowledge of the different agent s into product design. Industrial companies will benefit from this research by the practical methods an d implementation extending their business models beyond concepts for outsourcing and alliances. Additionally, the exploration will lead to proactive contributio n of manufacturing during engineering, which would improve management and contro l of dispersed manufacturing systems.展开更多
A 10 year research programme at Lincoln University, investigating the use of Trichoderma species for biological control of soil-borne diseases of vegetable crops, has resulted in the development of two commercial prod...A 10 year research programme at Lincoln University, investigating the use of Trichoderma species for biological control of soil-borne diseases of vegetable crops, has resulted in the development of two commercial products. Trichodry TM. 6S and Trichoflow TM. 6S based upon Trichoderma hamatum isolate 6SR4, are used to control Sclerotinia lettuce drop disease. The Trichodry 6S product is formulated as a dry flake, which is incorporated into nursery seedling mix and the Trichoflow 6S is a wettable powder which is used as a top-up drench before planting. The treatment stimulates seedling establishment and vigour and protects the developing seedling from Sclerotinia minor infection after transplanting in the field.The second commercial product is Trichopel TM. Ali 52, based upon Trichoderma atroviride isolate C52, which is used to control Sclerotium cepivorum, the causal agent of Allium white rot disease. The product is formulated as a granule and applied into the furrow at planting time. The fungus proliferates in the rhizosphere region and protects the growing seedling from pathogen attack by a combination of nutrient competition, antibiosis and mycoparasitism. The use of Trichopel Ali 52 under low to medium disease pressure in Pukekohe, the main vegetable growing region of New Zealand, gave a three fold cost benefit through yield increases in the 2003-2004 season. Current field development work involves the use of a wettable powder formulation of T. atroviride distributed via a T-tape irrigation system to target mid-season applications of the product to the onion roots. Both products perform well under low to moderate disease pressure but, when there is high disease pressure, an integrated programme is required to give satisfactory control. Current research is focused on gaining a greater understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors, which influence biocontrol activity under field conditions as a means to enhance integrated control approaches. For example, T. atroviride C52, when applied to the planting furrow, is compatible with procymidone, benomyl and captan but not thiram when applied as onion seed treatments. It is also compatible with the majority of other fungicides applied to the onion crop to protect against foliar diseases such as Botrytis and downy mildew. The product can be integrated with the use of the germination stimulant diallyl disulphide (DADS) as long as the Trichoderma product is applied at least two weeks after DADS application. The product is not compatible with the use of nitrogen fertilisers due to the sensitivity of the Trichoderma mycelium to high N, thus, care must be taken to separate fertilizer application from that of the biocontrol product. Expansion of the range of crop diseases targeted by the biocontrol products is currently under investigation with promising results obtained against a number of Botrytis diseases.展开更多
Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senes...Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senescence was thought to be an inherent trait associated with the Bt gene.However,subsequent research and practice have demonstrated that it is not directly linked to the Bt gene but rather results from a physiological imbalance between the sink and source,as well as between the root and shoot in Bt cotton.This short review provides an overview of the causes,mechanisms,and control measures for premature senescence in Bt cotton.It offers valuable insights for future research and the sustainable application of transgenic crops.展开更多
Capacitor-based pulsed power supply(PPS)is widely used in fields related to electromagnetic launch,plasma,and materials'synthesis,modification and processing.As industrial applications place higher requirements on...Capacitor-based pulsed power supply(PPS)is widely used in fields related to electromagnetic launch,plasma,and materials'synthesis,modification and processing.As industrial applications place higher requirements on compact and portable pulsed power supplies,the National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics(NKLTP)recently developed a pulsed power supply consisting of a set of compact pulse-forming units(PFU),each with a capacitor energy storage of 220 kJ.This integrated PPS comes with a complete system configuration,a miniature compact structure,a high rate of repetition,and high power,with energy storage density exceeding 1.2 MJ/m^(3).This paper describes the device-level design of the unit,the system layout,the control system,the thermal management system,and the experimental results of the pulsed power supply.The experimental results verified the good reliability of the PPS at high repetition rates with each unit module delivering an output current of more than 100 kA.Additionally,flexible current pulse shapes can be formed by setting the charging voltage and the trigger sequence of the PFUs.The pulse forming network(PFN)developed from these PFUs was successfully applied to electromagnetic launch.展开更多
In this paper,an integrated estimation guidance and control(IEGC)system is designed based on the command filtered backstepping approach for circular field-of-view(FOV)strapdown missiles.The threedimensional integrated...In this paper,an integrated estimation guidance and control(IEGC)system is designed based on the command filtered backstepping approach for circular field-of-view(FOV)strapdown missiles.The threedimensional integrated estimation guidance and control nonlinear model with limited actuator deflection angle is established considering the seeker's FOV constraint.The boundary time-varying integral barrier Lyapunov function(IBLF)is employed in backstepping design to constrain the body line-of-sight(BLOS)in IEGC system to fit a circular FOV.Then,the nonlinear adaptive controller is designed to estimate the changing aerodynamic parameters.The generalized extended state observer(GESO)is designed to estimate the acceleration of the maneuvering targets and the unmatched time-varying disturbances for improving tracking accuracy.Furthermore,the command filters are used to solve the"differential expansion"problem during the backstepping design.The Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the overall closed-loop IEGC system.Finally,the simulation results validate the integrated system's effectiveness,achieving high accuracy strikes against maneuvering targets.展开更多
To meet the requirements of modern air combat,an integrated fire/flight control(IFFC)system is designed to achieve automatic precision tracking and aiming for armed helicopters and release the pilot from heavy target ...To meet the requirements of modern air combat,an integrated fire/flight control(IFFC)system is designed to achieve automatic precision tracking and aiming for armed helicopters and release the pilot from heavy target burden.Considering the complex dynamic characteristics and the couplings of armed helicopters,an improved automatic attack system is con-structed to integrate the fire control system with the flight con-trol system into a unit.To obtain the optimal command signals,the algorithm is investigated to solve nonconvex optimization problems by the contracting Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shanno(C-BFGS)algorithm combined with the trust region method.To address the uncertainties in the automatic attack system,the memory nominal distribution and Wasserstein distance are introduced to accurately characterize the uncertainties,and the dual solvable problem is analyzed by using the duality the-ory,conjugate function,and dual norm.Simulation results verify the practicality and validity of the proposed method in solving the IFFC problem on the premise of satisfactory aiming accu-racy.展开更多
Fault prediction technology of running state of electromechanical systems is one of the key technologies that ensure safe and reliable operation of electromechanical equipment in health state. For multiple types of mo...Fault prediction technology of running state of electromechanical systems is one of the key technologies that ensure safe and reliable operation of electromechanical equipment in health state. For multiple types of modern, high-end and key electromechanical equipment, this paper will describe the early faults prediction method for multi-type electromechanical systems, which is favorable for predicting early faults of complex electromechanical systems in non-stationary, nonlinear, variable working conditions and long-time running state; the paper shall introduce the reconfigurable integration technology of series safety monitoring systems based on which the integrated development platform of series safety monitoring systems is built. This platform can adapt to integrated R&D of series safety monitoring systems characterized by high technology, multiple species and low volume. With the help of this platform, series safety monitoring systems were developed, and the Remote Network Security Monitoring Center for Facility Groups was built. Experimental research and engineering applications show that: this new fault prediction method has realized the development trend features extraction of typical electromechanical systems, multi-information fusion, intelligent information decision-making and so on, improving the processing accuracy, relevance and applicability of information; new reconfigurable integration technologies have improved the integration level and R&D efficiency of series safety monitoring systems as well as expanded the scope of application; the series safety monitoring systems developed based on reconfigurable integration platform has already played an important role in many aspects including ensuring safety operation of equipment, stabilizing product quality, optimizing running state, saving energy consumption, reducing environmental pollution, improving working conditions, carrying out scientific maintenance, advancing equipment utilization, saving maintenance charge and enhancing the level of information management.展开更多
The paper discusses the barriers of integration of management systems （IMS）. A model based on process is explored, It is indicated that integrating management systems should not ignore the characteristics of the man...The paper discusses the barriers of integration of management systems （IMS）. A model based on process is explored, It is indicated that integrating management systems should not ignore the characteristics of the management systems, especially scope issues. IMS needs to take into the continuous improvement.展开更多
Due to soaring fuel prices and environmental concerns, hybrid electric vehicle(HEV) technology attracts more attentions in last decade. Energy management system, configuration of HEV and traffic conditions are the mai...Due to soaring fuel prices and environmental concerns, hybrid electric vehicle(HEV) technology attracts more attentions in last decade. Energy management system, configuration of HEV and traffic conditions are the main factors which affect HEV's fuel consumption, emission and performance. Therefore, optimal management of the energy components is a key element for the success of a HEV. An optimal energy management system is developed for HEV based on genetic algorithm. Then, different powertrain system component combinations effects are investigated in various driving cycles. HEV simulation results are compared for default rule-based, fuzzy and GA-fuzzy controllers by using ADVISOR. The results indicate the effectiveness of proposed optimal controller over real world driving cycles. Also, an optimal powertrain configuration to improve fuel consumption and emission efficiency is proposed for each driving condition. Finally, the effects of batteries in initial state of charge and hybridization factor are investigated on HEV performance to evaluate fuel consumption and emissions. Fuel consumption average reduction of about 14% is obtained for optimal configuration data in contrast to default configuration. Also results indicate that proposed controller has reduced emission of about 10% in various traffic conditions.展开更多
The path-following control of the asymmetry underactuated unmanned surface vehicle(USV) under external disturbances such as unknown constant and irrational ocean currents is discussed, and an adaptive sliding-mode pat...The path-following control of the asymmetry underactuated unmanned surface vehicle(USV) under external disturbances such as unknown constant and irrational ocean currents is discussed, and an adaptive sliding-mode path-following control system is proposed, which comprises a path-variable updated law,a modified integral line-of-sight(ILOS) guidance law based on a time-varying lookahead distance and adaptive feedback linearizing controllers combined with sliding-mode technique. A more accurate USV model without the assumption of having diagonal inertia and damping matrices is first presented, aiming at improving the performance of the path-following control. Next, the coordinate transformation is adopted to decouple the sway dynamic from the rudder angle, and the path-following errors dynamics without non-singular problem are presented in the moving Frenet-Serret frame. Then, based on the cascaded theorem and the adaptive sliding-mode method, the adaptive control law of position errors and course error are designed, among which the lookahead distance and integral gain are all computed as different functions of cross-track error to estimate and compensate the sideslip angle caused by external disturbances adaptively. Finally, according to the Lyapunov and cascaded theorem, the control system proposed is proved to be uniform globally asymptotic stability(UGAS) and uniform semiglobal exponential stability(USGES) when the control objectives are all achieved. Simulation results illustrate the precision and high-quality performance of this new controller.展开更多
This paper studies the multi-sensor management problem for low earth orbit(LEO) infrared warning constellation used to track a midcourse missile. A covariance control approach, which selects sensor combinations or sub...This paper studies the multi-sensor management problem for low earth orbit(LEO) infrared warning constellation used to track a midcourse missile. A covariance control approach, which selects sensor combinations or subset based on the difference between the desired covariance matrix and the actual covariance of each target, is used for sensor management, including some matrix metrics to measure the differentia between two covariance matrices. Besides, to meet the requirements of the space based warning system, the original covariance control approach is improved. Simulation results demonstrate that the covariance control approach is able to provide a better tracking performance by providing a well-designed desired covariance and balance tracking performance goals with system demands.展开更多
A linear matrix inequality （LMI）-based sliding surface design method for integral sliding mode control of uncertain time- delay systems with mismatching uncertainties is proposed. The uncertain time-delay system und...A linear matrix inequality （LMI）-based sliding surface design method for integral sliding mode control of uncertain time- delay systems with mismatching uncertainties is proposed. The uncertain time-delay system under consideration may have mis- matching norm bounded uncertainties in the state matrix as well as the input matrix, A sufficient condition for the existence of a sliding surface is given to guarantee asymptotic stability of the full order slJdJng mode dynamics. An LMI characterization of the slid- ing surface is given, together with an integral sliding mode control law guaranteeing the existence of a sliding mode from the initial time. Finally, a simulation is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
A novel integrated guidance and control (IGC) design method is proposed to solve problems of low control accuracy for a suicide unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) in the terminal attack stage. First of all, the IGC...A novel integrated guidance and control (IGC) design method is proposed to solve problems of low control accuracy for a suicide unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) in the terminal attack stage. First of all, the IGC system model of the UCAV is built based on the three-channel independent design idea, which reduces the difficulties of designing the controller. Then, IGC control laws are designed using the trajectory linearization control (TLC). A nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is introduced to the IGC controller to reject various uncertainties, such as the aerodynamic parameter perturbation and the measurement error interference. The stability of the closed-loop system is proven by using the Lyapunov theorem. The performance of the proposed IGC design method is verified in a terminal attack mission of the suicide UCAV. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness in the aspects of guidance accuracy and system robustness.展开更多
Based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface(FADS),an integrated guidance and control(IGC)approach was proposed for large caliber naval gun guided projectile,which was robust to target maneuver,canard dynamic character...Based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface(FADS),an integrated guidance and control(IGC)approach was proposed for large caliber naval gun guided projectile,which was robust to target maneuver,canard dynamic characteristics,and multiple constraints,such as impact angle,limited measurement of line of sight(LOS)angle rate and nonlinear saturation of canard deflection.Initially,a strict feedback cascade model of IGC in longitudinal plane was established,and extended state observer(ESO)was designed to estimate LOS angle rate and uncertain disturbances with unknown boundary inside and outside of system,including aerodynamic parameters perturbation,target maneuver and model errors.Secondly,aiming at zeroing LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate in finite time,a nonsingular terminal sliding mode(NTSM)was designed with adaptive exponential reaching law.Furthermore,combining with dynamic surface,which prevented the complex differential of virtual control laws,the fuzzy adaptive systems were designed to approximate observation errors of uncertain disturbances and to reduce chatter of control law.Finally,the adaptive Nussbaum gain function was introduced to compensate nonlinear saturation of canard deflection.The LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate were convergent in finite time and whole system states were uniform ultimately bounded,rigorously proven by Lyapunov stability theory.Hardware-in-the-loop simulation(HILS)and digital simulation experiments both showed FADS provided guided projectile with good guidance performance while striking targets with different maneuvering forms.展开更多
Aiming at the issue of yaw and rollover stability control for off-road vehicles with non-pneumatic mechanical elastic wheel(MEW),an integrated control system based on fuzzy differential braking is developed.By simplif...Aiming at the issue of yaw and rollover stability control for off-road vehicles with non-pneumatic mechanical elastic wheel(MEW),an integrated control system based on fuzzy differential braking is developed.By simplifying the structure of the MEW,a corresponding fitting brush tire model is constructed and its longitudinal and lateral tire force expressions are set up,respectively.Then,a nonlinear vehicle simulation model with MEW is established to validate the proposed control scheme based on Carsim.The designed yaw and rollover control system is a two-level structure with the upper additional moment controller,which utilizes a predictive load transfer ratio(PLTR)as the rollover index.In order to design the upper integrated control algorithm,fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative(PID)is adopted to coordinate the yaw and rollover control,simultaneously.And the lower control allocator realizes the additional moment to the vehicle by differential braking.Finally,a Carsim-simulink co-simulation model is constructed,and simulation results show that the integrated control system could improve the vehicle yaw and roll stability,and prevent rollover happening.展开更多
In order to improve the detection accuracy of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne(DASH)interferometer in harsh temperatures,an opto-mechanical-thermal integration analysis is carried out.Firstly,the correlation betw...In order to improve the detection accuracy of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne(DASH)interferometer in harsh temperatures,an opto-mechanical-thermal integration analysis is carried out.Firstly,the correlation between the interference phase and temperature is established according to the working principle and the phase algorithm of the interferometer.Secondly,the optical mechanical thermal analysis model and thermal deformation data acquisition model are designed.The deformation data of the interference module and the imaging optical system at different temperatures are given by temperature load simulation analysis,and the phase error caused by thermal deformation is obtained by fitting.Finally,based on the wind speed error caused by thermal deformation of each component,a reasonable temperature control scheme is proposed.The results show that the interference module occupies the main cause,the temperature must be controlled within(20±0.05)℃,and the temperature control should be carried out for the temperature sensitive parts,and the wind speed error caused by the part is 3.8 m/s.The thermal drift between the magnification of the imaging optical system and the thermal drift of the relative position between the imaging optical system and the detector should occupy the secondary cause,which should be controlled within(20±2)℃,and the wind speed error caused by the part is 3.05 m/s.In summary,the wind measurement error caused by interference module,imaging optical system,and the relative position between the imaging optical system and the detector can be controlled within 6.85 m/s.The analysis and temperature control schemes presented in this paper can provide theoretical basis for DASH interferometer engineering applications.展开更多
A fast self-adapting high-order sliding mode(FSHOSM)controller is designed for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown uncertainties.As for uncertainty-free nonlinear system,a new switching condition is introduced i...A fast self-adapting high-order sliding mode(FSHOSM)controller is designed for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown uncertainties.As for uncertainty-free nonlinear system,a new switching condition is introduced into the standard geometric homogeneity.Different from the existing geometric homogeneity method,both state variables and their derivatives are considered to bring a reasonable effective switching condition.As a result,a faster convergence rate of state variables is achieved.Furthermore,based on the integral sliding mode(ISM)and above geometric homogeneity,a self-adapting high-order sliding mode(HOSM)control law is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertainties.The resulting controller allows the closed-loop system to conduct with the expected properties of strong robustness and fast convergence.Stable analysis of the nonlinear system is also proved based on the Lyapunov approach.The effectiveness of the resulting controller is verified by several simulation results.展开更多
An IMC-PID controller was proposed for unstable second-order time delay system which shows the characteristics of inverse response(RHP zero). A plot of Ms versus λ was suggested to calculate the suitable tuning param...An IMC-PID controller was proposed for unstable second-order time delay system which shows the characteristics of inverse response(RHP zero). A plot of Ms versus λ was suggested to calculate the suitable tuning parameter λ, which provides a trade-off between performance and robustness. Six different forms of process models were selected from literature to show the applicability of the present method. Performance of controller was calculated by ITAE and total variation TV and compared with recently published tuning rules. Undesirable overshoot was removed by using a set-point weighting parameter. Robustness was tested by introducing a perturbation into the various model parameters and closed-loop results show that the designed controller is robust in the case of model uncertainty. The proposed method shows an overall better closed-loop response as compared to other recently reported methods.展开更多
文摘[Objective]Under the combined impact of climate change and urbanization,urban rainstorm flood disasters occur frequently,seriously restricting urban safety and sustainable development.Relying on traditional grey infrastructure such as pipe networks for urban stormwater management is not enough to deal with urban rainstorm flood disasters under extreme rainfall events.The integration of green,grey and blue systems(GGB-integrated system)is gradually gaining recognition in the field of global flood prevention.It is necessary to further clarify the connotation,technical and engineering implementation strategies of the GGB-integrated system,to provide support for the resilient city construction.[Methods]Through literature retrieval and analysis,the relevant research and progress related to the layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization of the GGBintegrated system were systematically reviewed.In response to existing limitations and future engineering application requirements,key supporting technologies including the utilization of overground emergency storage spaces,safety protection of underground important infrastructure and multi-departmental collaboration,were proposed.A layout optimization framework and a joint scheduling framework for the GGB-integrated system were also developed.[Results]Current research on layout optimization predominantly focuses on the integration of green system and grey system,with relatively fewer studies incorporating blue system infrastructure into the optimization process.Moreover,these studies tend to be on a smaller scale with simpler scenarios,which do not fully capture the complexity of real-world systems.Additionally,optimization objective tend to prioritize environmental and economic goals,while social and ecological factors are less frequently considered.Current research on joint scheduling optimization is often limited to small-scale plots,with insufficient attention paid to the entire system.There is a deficiency in method for real-time,automated determination of optimal control strategies for combinations of multiple system facilities based on actual rainfall-runoff processes.Additionally,the application of emergency facilities during extreme conditions is not sufficiently addressed.Furthermore,both layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization lack consideration of the mute feed effect of flood and waterlogging in urban,watershed and regional scales.[Conclusion]Future research needs to improve the theoretical framework for layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization of GGB-integrated system.Through the comprehensive application of the Internet of things,artificial intelligence,coupling model development,multi-scale analysis,multi-scenario simulation,and the establishment of multi-departmental collaboration mechanisms,it can enhance the flood resilience of urban areas in response to rainfall events of varying intensities,particularly extreme rainfall events.
文摘Recently,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-aided free-space optical(FSO)communication has attracted widespread attentions.However,most of the existing research focuses on communication performance only.The authors investigate the integrated scheduling of communication,sensing,and control for UAV-aided FSO communication systems.Initially,a sensing-control model is established via the control theory.Moreover,an FSO communication channel model is established by considering the effects of atmospheric loss,atmospheric turbulence,geometrical loss,and angle-of-arrival fluctuation.Then,the relationship between the motion control of the UAV and radial displacement is obtained to link the control aspect and communication aspect.Assuming that the base station has instantaneous channel state information(CSI)or statistical CSI,the thresholds of the sensing-control pattern activation are designed,respectively.Finally,an integrated scheduling scheme for performing communication,sensing,and control is proposed.Numerical results indicate that,compared with conventional time-triggered scheme,the proposed integrated scheduling scheme obtains comparable communication and control performance,but reduces the sensing consumed power by 52.46%.
文摘The trend of economic globalisation and advances in i nformation technology has led to the emergence of dispersed manufacturing system s as a form of the virtual organisation. New manufacturing strategy pays more at tention to the management of the total value chain and therefore puts emphasis o n outsourcing. In fact, outsourcing is an efficient way of utilizing available r esources and has become one key aspect of the manufacturing strategy. Improved d ecision and organization on outsourcing will result in cost production and short er lead-times. However, most concepts and practice of traditional outsourcing do not adapt to t he changing environment and meet increasing performance requirements. On the oth er hand, virtual organisations might display instability between pure outsourcin g and establishing alliance. Balance and trade-off between independent agents a nd creating alliance are thus required. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a model to support decision-making, management and control on outsou rcing in a dispersed network manufacturing system and to discuss several key iss ues that are relevant to the relationship between the agents of the network. Dev elopment of the model will deploy Applied System Theory and will be built on fou ndations of earlier research on industrial management such the theories of Outso urcing, Order Entry Points, Design of Organisations and Logistic Control. The is sues that will be addressed in this paper are: · The selection of suppliers and co-makers; · Communication between suppliers and clients; · The mechanisms for profit-sharing between agents; · The product data management to integrate the knowledge of the different agent s into product design. Industrial companies will benefit from this research by the practical methods an d implementation extending their business models beyond concepts for outsourcing and alliances. Additionally, the exploration will lead to proactive contributio n of manufacturing during engineering, which would improve management and contro l of dispersed manufacturing systems.
文摘A 10 year research programme at Lincoln University, investigating the use of Trichoderma species for biological control of soil-borne diseases of vegetable crops, has resulted in the development of two commercial products. Trichodry TM. 6S and Trichoflow TM. 6S based upon Trichoderma hamatum isolate 6SR4, are used to control Sclerotinia lettuce drop disease. The Trichodry 6S product is formulated as a dry flake, which is incorporated into nursery seedling mix and the Trichoflow 6S is a wettable powder which is used as a top-up drench before planting. The treatment stimulates seedling establishment and vigour and protects the developing seedling from Sclerotinia minor infection after transplanting in the field.The second commercial product is Trichopel TM. Ali 52, based upon Trichoderma atroviride isolate C52, which is used to control Sclerotium cepivorum, the causal agent of Allium white rot disease. The product is formulated as a granule and applied into the furrow at planting time. The fungus proliferates in the rhizosphere region and protects the growing seedling from pathogen attack by a combination of nutrient competition, antibiosis and mycoparasitism. The use of Trichopel Ali 52 under low to medium disease pressure in Pukekohe, the main vegetable growing region of New Zealand, gave a three fold cost benefit through yield increases in the 2003-2004 season. Current field development work involves the use of a wettable powder formulation of T. atroviride distributed via a T-tape irrigation system to target mid-season applications of the product to the onion roots. Both products perform well under low to moderate disease pressure but, when there is high disease pressure, an integrated programme is required to give satisfactory control. Current research is focused on gaining a greater understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors, which influence biocontrol activity under field conditions as a means to enhance integrated control approaches. For example, T. atroviride C52, when applied to the planting furrow, is compatible with procymidone, benomyl and captan but not thiram when applied as onion seed treatments. It is also compatible with the majority of other fungicides applied to the onion crop to protect against foliar diseases such as Botrytis and downy mildew. The product can be integrated with the use of the germination stimulant diallyl disulphide (DADS) as long as the Trichoderma product is applied at least two weeks after DADS application. The product is not compatible with the use of nitrogen fertilisers due to the sensitivity of the Trichoderma mycelium to high N, thus, care must be taken to separate fertilizer application from that of the biocontrol product. Expansion of the range of crop diseases targeted by the biocontrol products is currently under investigation with promising results obtained against a number of Botrytis diseases.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300221)China Agricultural Research System(CARS-15–15)+1 种基金Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2024D03)Dong Hezhong Studio for Popularization of Science and Technology in Salt Tolerant Industrial Crops(202228297).
文摘Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senescence was thought to be an inherent trait associated with the Bt gene.However,subsequent research and practice have demonstrated that it is not directly linked to the Bt gene but rather results from a physiological imbalance between the sink and source,as well as between the root and shoot in Bt cotton.This short review provides an overview of the causes,mechanisms,and control measures for premature senescence in Bt cotton.It offers valuable insights for future research and the sustainable application of transgenic crops.
基金financial support from the National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics,Nanjing University of Science and Technology(Grant No.6142604230101)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant Nos.KYCX20_0321 and KYCX20_0322).
文摘Capacitor-based pulsed power supply(PPS)is widely used in fields related to electromagnetic launch,plasma,and materials'synthesis,modification and processing.As industrial applications place higher requirements on compact and portable pulsed power supplies,the National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics(NKLTP)recently developed a pulsed power supply consisting of a set of compact pulse-forming units(PFU),each with a capacitor energy storage of 220 kJ.This integrated PPS comes with a complete system configuration,a miniature compact structure,a high rate of repetition,and high power,with energy storage density exceeding 1.2 MJ/m^(3).This paper describes the device-level design of the unit,the system layout,the control system,the thermal management system,and the experimental results of the pulsed power supply.The experimental results verified the good reliability of the PPS at high repetition rates with each unit module delivering an output current of more than 100 kA.Additionally,flexible current pulse shapes can be formed by setting the charging voltage and the trigger sequence of the PFUs.The pulse forming network(PFN)developed from these PFUs was successfully applied to electromagnetic launch.
文摘In this paper,an integrated estimation guidance and control(IEGC)system is designed based on the command filtered backstepping approach for circular field-of-view(FOV)strapdown missiles.The threedimensional integrated estimation guidance and control nonlinear model with limited actuator deflection angle is established considering the seeker's FOV constraint.The boundary time-varying integral barrier Lyapunov function(IBLF)is employed in backstepping design to constrain the body line-of-sight(BLOS)in IEGC system to fit a circular FOV.Then,the nonlinear adaptive controller is designed to estimate the changing aerodynamic parameters.The generalized extended state observer(GESO)is designed to estimate the acceleration of the maneuvering targets and the unmatched time-varying disturbances for improving tracking accuracy.Furthermore,the command filters are used to solve the"differential expansion"problem during the backstepping design.The Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the overall closed-loop IEGC system.Finally,the simulation results validate the integrated system's effectiveness,achieving high accuracy strikes against maneuvering targets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373187)Forward-looking Layout Special Projects(ILA220591A22).
文摘To meet the requirements of modern air combat,an integrated fire/flight control(IFFC)system is designed to achieve automatic precision tracking and aiming for armed helicopters and release the pilot from heavy target burden.Considering the complex dynamic characteristics and the couplings of armed helicopters,an improved automatic attack system is con-structed to integrate the fire control system with the flight con-trol system into a unit.To obtain the optimal command signals,the algorithm is investigated to solve nonconvex optimization problems by the contracting Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shanno(C-BFGS)algorithm combined with the trust region method.To address the uncertainties in the automatic attack system,the memory nominal distribution and Wasserstein distance are introduced to accurately characterize the uncertainties,and the dual solvable problem is analyzed by using the duality the-ory,conjugate function,and dual norm.Simulation results verify the practicality and validity of the proposed method in solving the IFFC problem on the premise of satisfactory aiming accu-racy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Fund Project(51275052)Key project supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(3131002)Open topic of Key Laboratory of Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement & Control Technology,Ministry of Education(KF20141123202,KF20111123201)
文摘Fault prediction technology of running state of electromechanical systems is one of the key technologies that ensure safe and reliable operation of electromechanical equipment in health state. For multiple types of modern, high-end and key electromechanical equipment, this paper will describe the early faults prediction method for multi-type electromechanical systems, which is favorable for predicting early faults of complex electromechanical systems in non-stationary, nonlinear, variable working conditions and long-time running state; the paper shall introduce the reconfigurable integration technology of series safety monitoring systems based on which the integrated development platform of series safety monitoring systems is built. This platform can adapt to integrated R&D of series safety monitoring systems characterized by high technology, multiple species and low volume. With the help of this platform, series safety monitoring systems were developed, and the Remote Network Security Monitoring Center for Facility Groups was built. Experimental research and engineering applications show that: this new fault prediction method has realized the development trend features extraction of typical electromechanical systems, multi-information fusion, intelligent information decision-making and so on, improving the processing accuracy, relevance and applicability of information; new reconfigurable integration technologies have improved the integration level and R&D efficiency of series safety monitoring systems as well as expanded the scope of application; the series safety monitoring systems developed based on reconfigurable integration platform has already played an important role in many aspects including ensuring safety operation of equipment, stabilizing product quality, optimizing running state, saving energy consumption, reducing environmental pollution, improving working conditions, carrying out scientific maintenance, advancing equipment utilization, saving maintenance charge and enhancing the level of information management.
文摘The paper discusses the barriers of integration of management systems （IMS）. A model based on process is explored, It is indicated that integrating management systems should not ignore the characteristics of the management systems, especially scope issues. IMS needs to take into the continuous improvement.
文摘Due to soaring fuel prices and environmental concerns, hybrid electric vehicle(HEV) technology attracts more attentions in last decade. Energy management system, configuration of HEV and traffic conditions are the main factors which affect HEV's fuel consumption, emission and performance. Therefore, optimal management of the energy components is a key element for the success of a HEV. An optimal energy management system is developed for HEV based on genetic algorithm. Then, different powertrain system component combinations effects are investigated in various driving cycles. HEV simulation results are compared for default rule-based, fuzzy and GA-fuzzy controllers by using ADVISOR. The results indicate the effectiveness of proposed optimal controller over real world driving cycles. Also, an optimal powertrain configuration to improve fuel consumption and emission efficiency is proposed for each driving condition. Finally, the effects of batteries in initial state of charge and hybridization factor are investigated on HEV performance to evaluate fuel consumption and emissions. Fuel consumption average reduction of about 14% is obtained for optimal configuration data in contrast to default configuration. Also results indicate that proposed controller has reduced emission of about 10% in various traffic conditions.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(15GJ003-278)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71501182)
文摘The path-following control of the asymmetry underactuated unmanned surface vehicle(USV) under external disturbances such as unknown constant and irrational ocean currents is discussed, and an adaptive sliding-mode path-following control system is proposed, which comprises a path-variable updated law,a modified integral line-of-sight(ILOS) guidance law based on a time-varying lookahead distance and adaptive feedback linearizing controllers combined with sliding-mode technique. A more accurate USV model without the assumption of having diagonal inertia and damping matrices is first presented, aiming at improving the performance of the path-following control. Next, the coordinate transformation is adopted to decouple the sway dynamic from the rudder angle, and the path-following errors dynamics without non-singular problem are presented in the moving Frenet-Serret frame. Then, based on the cascaded theorem and the adaptive sliding-mode method, the adaptive control law of position errors and course error are designed, among which the lookahead distance and integral gain are all computed as different functions of cross-track error to estimate and compensate the sideslip angle caused by external disturbances adaptively. Finally, according to the Lyapunov and cascaded theorem, the control system proposed is proved to be uniform globally asymptotic stability(UGAS) and uniform semiglobal exponential stability(USGES) when the control objectives are all achieved. Simulation results illustrate the precision and high-quality performance of this new controller.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61690210 61690213)
文摘This paper studies the multi-sensor management problem for low earth orbit(LEO) infrared warning constellation used to track a midcourse missile. A covariance control approach, which selects sensor combinations or subset based on the difference between the desired covariance matrix and the actual covariance of each target, is used for sensor management, including some matrix metrics to measure the differentia between two covariance matrices. Besides, to meet the requirements of the space based warning system, the original covariance control approach is improved. Simulation results demonstrate that the covariance control approach is able to provide a better tracking performance by providing a well-designed desired covariance and balance tracking performance goals with system demands.
基金supported in part by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(61334)
文摘A linear matrix inequality （LMI）-based sliding surface design method for integral sliding mode control of uncertain time- delay systems with mismatching uncertainties is proposed. The uncertain time-delay system under consideration may have mis- matching norm bounded uncertainties in the state matrix as well as the input matrix, A sufficient condition for the existence of a sliding surface is given to guarantee asymptotic stability of the full order slJdJng mode dynamics. An LMI characterization of the slid- ing surface is given, together with an integral sliding mode control law guaranteeing the existence of a sliding mode from the initial time. Finally, a simulation is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6160150571501184)the National Aviation Science Foundation of China(20155196022)
文摘A novel integrated guidance and control (IGC) design method is proposed to solve problems of low control accuracy for a suicide unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) in the terminal attack stage. First of all, the IGC system model of the UCAV is built based on the three-channel independent design idea, which reduces the difficulties of designing the controller. Then, IGC control laws are designed using the trajectory linearization control (TLC). A nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is introduced to the IGC controller to reject various uncertainties, such as the aerodynamic parameter perturbation and the measurement error interference. The stability of the closed-loop system is proven by using the Lyapunov theorem. The performance of the proposed IGC design method is verified in a terminal attack mission of the suicide UCAV. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness in the aspects of guidance accuracy and system robustness.
基金supported by Naval Weapons and Equipment Pre-Research Project(Grant No.3020801010105).
文摘Based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface(FADS),an integrated guidance and control(IGC)approach was proposed for large caliber naval gun guided projectile,which was robust to target maneuver,canard dynamic characteristics,and multiple constraints,such as impact angle,limited measurement of line of sight(LOS)angle rate and nonlinear saturation of canard deflection.Initially,a strict feedback cascade model of IGC in longitudinal plane was established,and extended state observer(ESO)was designed to estimate LOS angle rate and uncertain disturbances with unknown boundary inside and outside of system,including aerodynamic parameters perturbation,target maneuver and model errors.Secondly,aiming at zeroing LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate in finite time,a nonsingular terminal sliding mode(NTSM)was designed with adaptive exponential reaching law.Furthermore,combining with dynamic surface,which prevented the complex differential of virtual control laws,the fuzzy adaptive systems were designed to approximate observation errors of uncertain disturbances and to reduce chatter of control law.Finally,the adaptive Nussbaum gain function was introduced to compensate nonlinear saturation of canard deflection.The LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate were convergent in finite time and whole system states were uniform ultimately bounded,rigorously proven by Lyapunov stability theory.Hardware-in-the-loop simulation(HILS)and digital simulation experiments both showed FADS provided guided projectile with good guidance performance while striking targets with different maneuvering forms.
基金Project(11672127)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NHAl3002)supported by the Major Exploration Project of the General Armaments Department of China+1 种基金Project(KYCX17_0240)supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProjects(NP2016412,NP2018403,NT2018002)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Aiming at the issue of yaw and rollover stability control for off-road vehicles with non-pneumatic mechanical elastic wheel(MEW),an integrated control system based on fuzzy differential braking is developed.By simplifying the structure of the MEW,a corresponding fitting brush tire model is constructed and its longitudinal and lateral tire force expressions are set up,respectively.Then,a nonlinear vehicle simulation model with MEW is established to validate the proposed control scheme based on Carsim.The designed yaw and rollover control system is a two-level structure with the upper additional moment controller,which utilizes a predictive load transfer ratio(PLTR)as the rollover index.In order to design the upper integrated control algorithm,fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative(PID)is adopted to coordinate the yaw and rollover control,simultaneously.And the lower control allocator realizes the additional moment to the vehicle by differential braking.Finally,a Carsim-simulink co-simulation model is constructed,and simulation results show that the integrated control system could improve the vehicle yaw and roll stability,and prevent rollover happening.
文摘In order to improve the detection accuracy of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne(DASH)interferometer in harsh temperatures,an opto-mechanical-thermal integration analysis is carried out.Firstly,the correlation between the interference phase and temperature is established according to the working principle and the phase algorithm of the interferometer.Secondly,the optical mechanical thermal analysis model and thermal deformation data acquisition model are designed.The deformation data of the interference module and the imaging optical system at different temperatures are given by temperature load simulation analysis,and the phase error caused by thermal deformation is obtained by fitting.Finally,based on the wind speed error caused by thermal deformation of each component,a reasonable temperature control scheme is proposed.The results show that the interference module occupies the main cause,the temperature must be controlled within(20±0.05)℃,and the temperature control should be carried out for the temperature sensitive parts,and the wind speed error caused by the part is 3.8 m/s.The thermal drift between the magnification of the imaging optical system and the thermal drift of the relative position between the imaging optical system and the detector should occupy the secondary cause,which should be controlled within(20±2)℃,and the wind speed error caused by the part is 3.05 m/s.In summary,the wind measurement error caused by interference module,imaging optical system,and the relative position between the imaging optical system and the detector can be controlled within 6.85 m/s.The analysis and temperature control schemes presented in this paper can provide theoretical basis for DASH interferometer engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61433003,60904003,11602019).
文摘A fast self-adapting high-order sliding mode(FSHOSM)controller is designed for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown uncertainties.As for uncertainty-free nonlinear system,a new switching condition is introduced into the standard geometric homogeneity.Different from the existing geometric homogeneity method,both state variables and their derivatives are considered to bring a reasonable effective switching condition.As a result,a faster convergence rate of state variables is achieved.Furthermore,based on the integral sliding mode(ISM)and above geometric homogeneity,a self-adapting high-order sliding mode(HOSM)control law is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertainties.The resulting controller allows the closed-loop system to conduct with the expected properties of strong robustness and fast convergence.Stable analysis of the nonlinear system is also proved based on the Lyapunov approach.The effectiveness of the resulting controller is verified by several simulation results.
基金India (MHRD, India) for providing financial support
文摘An IMC-PID controller was proposed for unstable second-order time delay system which shows the characteristics of inverse response(RHP zero). A plot of Ms versus λ was suggested to calculate the suitable tuning parameter λ, which provides a trade-off between performance and robustness. Six different forms of process models were selected from literature to show the applicability of the present method. Performance of controller was calculated by ITAE and total variation TV and compared with recently published tuning rules. Undesirable overshoot was removed by using a set-point weighting parameter. Robustness was tested by introducing a perturbation into the various model parameters and closed-loop results show that the designed controller is robust in the case of model uncertainty. The proposed method shows an overall better closed-loop response as compared to other recently reported methods.
