An integration process of vacuum residue FCC(VRFCC)and moderate pressure hydro cracking(RMC),developed by RIPP and BDI,opens a new route for maximizing production of both high value products and the feed for steam cra...An integration process of vacuum residue FCC(VRFCC)and moderate pressure hydro cracking(RMC),developed by RIPP and BDI,opens a new route for maximizing production of both high value products and the feed for steam cracking(SC).VRFCC technology has been put on stream at Yanshan Petrochemical Co (YPC)since November 1998.A 79 2%(mass percent)high value product(LPG+GSL+LCO)was surprisingly made on the test run from a resid feedstock of 85 0%(mass percent)Daqing crude VR content.No facility coking was found during the operation.RMC is a renovating moderate pressure hydrocracking technology,the end point of the heavy VGO feed is as high as 534 ℃,and the RMC catalyst performance shows high hydrodenitrogenation activity and high ring opening selectivity.The process highlights the flexibility of product slates——maximum premium mid distillates yield(38 0%(mass percent))and/or maximum hydro unconverted bottoms(Hydro BTMs)yield(50%～70%(mass percent)).Over 30%(mass percent)ethylene was produced from SC process based on Hydro BTMs feed. The application of VRFCC/RMC integration at YPC not only covers the shortages of SC feed for 660 kt/a ethylene production capacity,but also increases the total yield of premium fuel products.展开更多
Ubiquitous radar is a new radar system that provides continuous and uninterrupted multifunction capability within a coverage volume. Continuous coverage from close-in ＂pop-up＂ targets in clutter to long-range target...Ubiquitous radar is a new radar system that provides continuous and uninterrupted multifunction capability within a coverage volume. Continuous coverage from close-in ＂pop-up＂ targets in clutter to long-range targets impacts selection of waveform parameters. The coherent processing interval （CPI） must be long enough to achieve a certain signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） that ensures the efficiency of detection. The condition of detection in the case of low SNR is analyzed, and three different cases that would occur during integration are discussed and a method to determine the CPI is presented. The simulation results show that targets detection with SNR as low as -26 dB in the experimental system can possibly determine the CPI.展开更多
An IMC-PID controller was proposed for unstable second-order time delay system which shows the characteristics of inverse response(RHP zero). A plot of Ms versus λ was suggested to calculate the suitable tuning param...An IMC-PID controller was proposed for unstable second-order time delay system which shows the characteristics of inverse response(RHP zero). A plot of Ms versus λ was suggested to calculate the suitable tuning parameter λ, which provides a trade-off between performance and robustness. Six different forms of process models were selected from literature to show the applicability of the present method. Performance of controller was calculated by ITAE and total variation TV and compared with recently published tuning rules. Undesirable overshoot was removed by using a set-point weighting parameter. Robustness was tested by introducing a perturbation into the various model parameters and closed-loop results show that the designed controller is robust in the case of model uncertainty. The proposed method shows an overall better closed-loop response as compared to other recently reported methods.展开更多
Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) has been introduced as a primary recovery step for protein purification from a whole fermentation broth or unclarified cell homogenates. It can also be integrated with a fermentation or c...Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) has been introduced as a primary recovery step for protein purification from a whole fermentation broth or unclarified cell homogenates. It can also be integrated with a fermentation or cell disruption process. Solid matrix is the principal pillar supporting the successful application of the EBA technology. This article summarizes the solid matrices employed in and developed for the EBA process to date. Further development of solid matrices for the expanded bed technique in the recovery of various biological substances from different sources has been addressed.展开更多
The paper discusses the barriers of integration of management systems （IMS）. A model based on process is explored, It is indicated that integrating management systems should not ignore the characteristics of the man...The paper discusses the barriers of integration of management systems （IMS）. A model based on process is explored, It is indicated that integrating management systems should not ignore the characteristics of the management systems, especially scope issues. IMS needs to take into the continuous improvement.展开更多
目的:探索鲜切生菜工业化加工过程中细菌群落的动态变化规律。方法:通过高通量测序结合传统培养技术对鲜切生菜不同加工环节(原料M、预清洗PW、第一道清洗W1、第二道清洗W2、第三道清洗W3、成品P)的细菌组成进行研究。结果:生菜经过四...目的:探索鲜切生菜工业化加工过程中细菌群落的动态变化规律。方法:通过高通量测序结合传统培养技术对鲜切生菜不同加工环节(原料M、预清洗PW、第一道清洗W1、第二道清洗W2、第三道清洗W3、成品P)的细菌组成进行研究。结果:生菜经过四道清洗,菌落总数、大肠菌群和霉菌计数分别下降为2.85±0.06 lg CFU/g、1.01±0.03 lg CFU/g和1.47±0.04 lg CFU/g,低于企业现行标准Q/WWK0002S-2020;高通量测序结果显示,在门水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是鲜切生菜加工过程中的绝对优势菌,相对丰度在整个加工过程中均在70%以上;在属水平上,生菜原料和预清洗环节优势菌为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和Alkanindiges;经过第一道NaClO清洗后,食酸菌属(Acidovorax)成为主要优势菌,均在40%以上,其次为假单胞菌属和不动杆菌属。通过相对丰度热图及PCoA分析可以看出6个样品的菌群差异:样品M和PW菌群组成较相似,聚为一类;样品W1、W2、W3、P四个样品菌群结构更接近。通过传统培养结果发现,解鸟氨酸拉乌尔菌(Raoultella ornithinolytica)是鲜切蔬菜整个加工过程中的优势菌,其次还有不动杆菌属和Enterobacter bugandensis。结论:鲜切生菜加工过程中大量微生物来自于生菜生长的土壤环境,实施标准化规范种植,在源头上减少微生物污染,是控制鲜切生菜品质的首要环节,同时,严格控制加工过程中的交叉污染也是保障品质的关键。明确加工过程中不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属、食酸菌属等优势腐败菌,对于制定针对性的精准杀菌策略,进一步提升鲜切生菜的安全具有重要意义。展开更多
文摘An integration process of vacuum residue FCC(VRFCC)and moderate pressure hydro cracking(RMC),developed by RIPP and BDI,opens a new route for maximizing production of both high value products and the feed for steam cracking(SC).VRFCC technology has been put on stream at Yanshan Petrochemical Co (YPC)since November 1998.A 79 2%(mass percent)high value product(LPG+GSL+LCO)was surprisingly made on the test run from a resid feedstock of 85 0%(mass percent)Daqing crude VR content.No facility coking was found during the operation.RMC is a renovating moderate pressure hydrocracking technology,the end point of the heavy VGO feed is as high as 534 ℃,and the RMC catalyst performance shows high hydrodenitrogenation activity and high ring opening selectivity.The process highlights the flexibility of product slates——maximum premium mid distillates yield(38 0%(mass percent))and/or maximum hydro unconverted bottoms(Hydro BTMs)yield(50%～70%(mass percent)).Over 30%(mass percent)ethylene was produced from SC process based on Hydro BTMs feed. The application of VRFCC/RMC integration at YPC not only covers the shortages of SC feed for 660 kt/a ethylene production capacity,but also increases the total yield of premium fuel products.
文摘Ubiquitous radar is a new radar system that provides continuous and uninterrupted multifunction capability within a coverage volume. Continuous coverage from close-in ＂pop-up＂ targets in clutter to long-range targets impacts selection of waveform parameters. The coherent processing interval （CPI） must be long enough to achieve a certain signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） that ensures the efficiency of detection. The condition of detection in the case of low SNR is analyzed, and three different cases that would occur during integration are discussed and a method to determine the CPI is presented. The simulation results show that targets detection with SNR as low as -26 dB in the experimental system can possibly determine the CPI.
基金India (MHRD, India) for providing financial support
文摘An IMC-PID controller was proposed for unstable second-order time delay system which shows the characteristics of inverse response(RHP zero). A plot of Ms versus λ was suggested to calculate the suitable tuning parameter λ, which provides a trade-off between performance and robustness. Six different forms of process models were selected from literature to show the applicability of the present method. Performance of controller was calculated by ITAE and total variation TV and compared with recently published tuning rules. Undesirable overshoot was removed by using a set-point weighting parameter. Robustness was tested by introducing a perturbation into the various model parameters and closed-loop results show that the designed controller is robust in the case of model uncertainty. The proposed method shows an overall better closed-loop response as compared to other recently reported methods.
文摘Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) has been introduced as a primary recovery step for protein purification from a whole fermentation broth or unclarified cell homogenates. It can also be integrated with a fermentation or cell disruption process. Solid matrix is the principal pillar supporting the successful application of the EBA technology. This article summarizes the solid matrices employed in and developed for the EBA process to date. Further development of solid matrices for the expanded bed technique in the recovery of various biological substances from different sources has been addressed.
文摘The paper discusses the barriers of integration of management systems （IMS）. A model based on process is explored, It is indicated that integrating management systems should not ignore the characteristics of the management systems, especially scope issues. IMS needs to take into the continuous improvement.
文摘目的:探索鲜切生菜工业化加工过程中细菌群落的动态变化规律。方法:通过高通量测序结合传统培养技术对鲜切生菜不同加工环节(原料M、预清洗PW、第一道清洗W1、第二道清洗W2、第三道清洗W3、成品P)的细菌组成进行研究。结果:生菜经过四道清洗,菌落总数、大肠菌群和霉菌计数分别下降为2.85±0.06 lg CFU/g、1.01±0.03 lg CFU/g和1.47±0.04 lg CFU/g,低于企业现行标准Q/WWK0002S-2020;高通量测序结果显示,在门水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是鲜切生菜加工过程中的绝对优势菌,相对丰度在整个加工过程中均在70%以上;在属水平上,生菜原料和预清洗环节优势菌为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和Alkanindiges;经过第一道NaClO清洗后,食酸菌属(Acidovorax)成为主要优势菌,均在40%以上,其次为假单胞菌属和不动杆菌属。通过相对丰度热图及PCoA分析可以看出6个样品的菌群差异:样品M和PW菌群组成较相似,聚为一类;样品W1、W2、W3、P四个样品菌群结构更接近。通过传统培养结果发现,解鸟氨酸拉乌尔菌(Raoultella ornithinolytica)是鲜切蔬菜整个加工过程中的优势菌,其次还有不动杆菌属和Enterobacter bugandensis。结论:鲜切生菜加工过程中大量微生物来自于生菜生长的土壤环境,实施标准化规范种植,在源头上减少微生物污染,是控制鲜切生菜品质的首要环节,同时,严格控制加工过程中的交叉污染也是保障品质的关键。明确加工过程中不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属、食酸菌属等优势腐败菌,对于制定针对性的精准杀菌策略,进一步提升鲜切生菜的安全具有重要意义。
