The National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone has been assigned the unique mission of demonstrating and leading national innovation and playing a key supportive role in enhancing green innovation.Based on the...The National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone has been assigned the unique mission of demonstrating and leading national innovation and playing a key supportive role in enhancing green innovation.Based on the sample data of A-share listed companies in China from 2007 to 2021,we apply a multi-period difference-in-differences model to analyze whether the implementation of the National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone policies plays a leverage effect or a crowd out effect on the green innovation efficiency of enterprises and systematically test the regulatory mechanism of government grants and media attention in the process of this influence.The empirical results show that the imple-mentation of the National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone policies has a positive impact on the green innovation efficiency of enterprises and that the green innovation induced by this reform is not the leverage effect of additional R&D investment on the basis of the existing innovation activities of enterprises but rather the result of the reallocation of resources to crowd out existing non-green innovation.It is further found that government grants and media attention positively moderate the positive driving effect of National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone policies on the green innovation efficiency of enterprises.展开更多
Policy被越来越多地应用于大型分布式系统的管理 .提出了一种基于逻辑的 Policy定义语言 L PDL ,定义了 L PDL的语法、运行模型和语义 ,为基于 Policy的网络管理提供了一种形式化的框架 .L PDL具有简单的语法规则和与图灵机等价的计算能...Policy被越来越多地应用于大型分布式系统的管理 .提出了一种基于逻辑的 Policy定义语言 L PDL ,定义了 L PDL的语法、运行模型和语义 ,为基于 Policy的网络管理提供了一种形式化的框架 .L PDL具有简单的语法规则和与图灵机等价的计算能力 ,管理人员可以根据实际需要 ,灵活地将系统的解释决策功能用 L PDL语言定义成Policy或封装在系统物理实现代码中 .最后给出了基于 L PDL 的网络管理模型及其原型实现和应用 ,表明 L PDL能很好满足网络管理动态发展的需要 .展开更多
The direct cause for the voidance of economic policy is that the government has ignored the game behavior of the microeconomy.Only if we formulate and implement policy strictly according to the game rules can it be pr...The direct cause for the voidance of economic policy is that the government has ignored the game behavior of the microeconomy.Only if we formulate and implement policy strictly according to the game rules can it be promoted to realize its desired objective.展开更多
The land use planning system in England is governed by legislation which is implemented through national policy and incorporated into development plans.Regional and local development plans form the basis for the plann...The land use planning system in England is governed by legislation which is implemented through national policy and incorporated into development plans.Regional and local development plans form the basis for the planning decisions made by planning officials.Population density in England is very high and competition for land use is intense.Since the introduction of Minerals Policy Statement 1(MPS1)展开更多
Against the backdrop of the knowledge economy, global economy is goingthrough a major transformation. How to alleviate the pressure of resources and the environ-ment and to achieve the sustainable development of the e...Against the backdrop of the knowledge economy, global economy is goingthrough a major transformation. How to alleviate the pressure of resources and the environ-ment and to achieve the sustainable development of the economy has become a global agenda.China＇ s economy growth has been rapid for decades since the reform and opening up policy,but this has also been a great drain on China＇ s resources and the environment, which is an ur-gent problem to tackle. In recently years, the Chinese government has launched many environ-mental policies in the hope of encouraging technological innovation to guarantee the sustain-able development of the economy. However, research suggested that technological innovationis negatively correlated with environmental policies in most scenarios. In some cases, the num-ber of technological innovation decreases after policies take effect and increases after a whilelike a U - curve. In order to solve this problem, I decided to analyze the panel data from 80provinces in China between 2008 and 2014 and conclude that local governance can implementenvironmental regulations while having a positive impact on the technological innovation inenterprises. In the conclusion, suggestions are given to local governments on how to better en-force environmental policies.展开更多
A replenishment decision-making model for supply-hub is firstly established from the angle of supplier, and optimal replenishment decision of the supplier is analyzed. Then, inventory optimization model for supply-hub...A replenishment decision-making model for supply-hub is firstly established from the angle of supplier, and optimal replenishment decision of the supplier is analyzed. Then, inventory optimization model for supply-hub is formulated from the angle of the manufacturer, and the optimization algorithm for obtaining optimal inventory levels is given. The result shows that liability period decides the share of the inventory cost between two sides in supply chain. With the increase of liability period, the service level has been quickly reduced even though the manufacturer's cost has been cut down by transferring the inventory cost to the supplier. As to the safety inventory, if the lower bound of components safety inventory increases, the supplier's cost will rise up more slowly than the liability period does, while the service levels increases as the safety inventory's lower bound is raised.展开更多
In order to cope with the increasing threat of the ballistic missile(BM)in a shorter reaction time,the shooting policy of the layered defense system needs to be optimized.The main decisionmaking problem of shooting op...In order to cope with the increasing threat of the ballistic missile(BM)in a shorter reaction time,the shooting policy of the layered defense system needs to be optimized.The main decisionmaking problem of shooting optimization is how to choose the next BM which needs to be shot according to the previous engagements and results,thus maximizing the expected return of BMs killed or minimizing the cost of BMs penetration.Motivated by this,this study aims to determine an optimal shooting policy for a two-layer missile defense(TLMD)system.This paper considers a scenario in which the TLMD system wishes to shoot at a collection of BMs one at a time,and to maximize the return obtained from BMs killed before the system demise.To provide a policy analysis tool,this paper develops a general model for shooting decision-making,the shooting engagements can be described as a discounted reward Markov decision process.The index shooting policy is a strategy that can effectively balance the shooting returns and the risk that the defense mission fails,and the goal is to maximize the return obtained from BMs killed before the system demise.The numerical results show that the index policy is better than a range of competitors,especially the mean returns and the mean killing BM number.展开更多
The availability of a periodic inspection system under mixed maintenance policies is studied in this paper.To accommodate the characteristic of multiple failure modes for complex systems,the system failures can be div...The availability of a periodic inspection system under mixed maintenance policies is studied in this paper.To accommodate the characteristic of multiple failure modes for complex systems,the system failures can be divided into two failure modes:hard failure and soft failure.When hard failure occurs,the corresponding corrective maintenance will be performed,taking a random time under the perfect maintenance policy;in contrast,if the soft failure is found,the corresponding preventive maintenance will be performed,taking a random time under the imperfect maintenance policy.The dynamic age setback model is adopted for imperfect maintenance,which can accurately reflect the fault characteristics of the degraded system.Then an analytical model for system steady state availability and instantaneous availability are derived.Moreover,the optimal method to maximize the system steady-state availability through adjusting the inspection interval is researched.According to the above research,the optimization of system unit time cost,preventive maintenance intervals and availability is researched.Finally,the developed approach is demonstrated by a numerical example.展开更多
This study explores childcare policy change in South Korea by employing the gradual institutional change model and in relation to the concept of defamilialization.T his study measured the degree of defamilialization q...This study explores childcare policy change in South Korea by employing the gradual institutional change model and in relation to the concept of defamilialization.T his study measured the degree of defamilialization quantitatively using the data of Childcare Statistics between 2001-2016 and conducted hierarchical cluster analysis.The analysis results showed that the trajectories of childcare policy in South Korea could be divided into three clusters-2001-2006 for the first cluster,2007-2012 for the second cluster,and2013-2016 for the third cluster-and there were two changes-conversion and layering.Childcare policy in South Korea has taken the path of familialization,market defamilialization,and active familialization.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72474034)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by SAST(20240123)+1 种基金Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China(21YJC630037,21YJC630057)Social Science Foundation of Xi’an(25JX218).
文摘The National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone has been assigned the unique mission of demonstrating and leading national innovation and playing a key supportive role in enhancing green innovation.Based on the sample data of A-share listed companies in China from 2007 to 2021,we apply a multi-period difference-in-differences model to analyze whether the implementation of the National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone policies plays a leverage effect or a crowd out effect on the green innovation efficiency of enterprises and systematically test the regulatory mechanism of government grants and media attention in the process of this influence.The empirical results show that the imple-mentation of the National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone policies has a positive impact on the green innovation efficiency of enterprises and that the green innovation induced by this reform is not the leverage effect of additional R&D investment on the basis of the existing innovation activities of enterprises but rather the result of the reallocation of resources to crowd out existing non-green innovation.It is further found that government grants and media attention positively moderate the positive driving effect of National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone policies on the green innovation efficiency of enterprises.
文摘Policy被越来越多地应用于大型分布式系统的管理 .提出了一种基于逻辑的 Policy定义语言 L PDL ,定义了 L PDL的语法、运行模型和语义 ,为基于 Policy的网络管理提供了一种形式化的框架 .L PDL具有简单的语法规则和与图灵机等价的计算能力 ,管理人员可以根据实际需要 ,灵活地将系统的解释决策功能用 L PDL语言定义成Policy或封装在系统物理实现代码中 .最后给出了基于 L PDL 的网络管理模型及其原型实现和应用 ,表明 L PDL能很好满足网络管理动态发展的需要 .
文摘The direct cause for the voidance of economic policy is that the government has ignored the game behavior of the microeconomy.Only if we formulate and implement policy strictly according to the game rules can it be promoted to realize its desired objective.
文摘The land use planning system in England is governed by legislation which is implemented through national policy and incorporated into development plans.Regional and local development plans form the basis for the planning decisions made by planning officials.Population density in England is very high and competition for land use is intense.Since the introduction of Minerals Policy Statement 1(MPS1)
文摘Against the backdrop of the knowledge economy, global economy is goingthrough a major transformation. How to alleviate the pressure of resources and the environ-ment and to achieve the sustainable development of the economy has become a global agenda.China＇ s economy growth has been rapid for decades since the reform and opening up policy,but this has also been a great drain on China＇ s resources and the environment, which is an ur-gent problem to tackle. In recently years, the Chinese government has launched many environ-mental policies in the hope of encouraging technological innovation to guarantee the sustain-able development of the economy. However, research suggested that technological innovationis negatively correlated with environmental policies in most scenarios. In some cases, the num-ber of technological innovation decreases after policies take effect and increases after a whilelike a U - curve. In order to solve this problem, I decided to analyze the panel data from 80provinces in China between 2008 and 2014 and conclude that local governance can implementenvironmental regulations while having a positive impact on the technological innovation inenterprises. In the conclusion, suggestions are given to local governments on how to better en-force environmental policies.
基金Projects(71102174,70971036) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(9123028) supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China+3 种基金Project(20111101120019) supported by the Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaProject(11JGC106) supported by the Beijing Philosophy&Social Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(NCET-10-0048,NCET-10-0043) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of ChinaProject(2010YC1307) supported by the Excellent Young Teacher in Beijing Institute of Technology of China
文摘A replenishment decision-making model for supply-hub is firstly established from the angle of supplier, and optimal replenishment decision of the supplier is analyzed. Then, inventory optimization model for supply-hub is formulated from the angle of the manufacturer, and the optimization algorithm for obtaining optimal inventory levels is given. The result shows that liability period decides the share of the inventory cost between two sides in supply chain. With the increase of liability period, the service level has been quickly reduced even though the manufacturer's cost has been cut down by transferring the inventory cost to the supplier. As to the safety inventory, if the lower bound of components safety inventory increases, the supplier's cost will rise up more slowly than the liability period does, while the service levels increases as the safety inventory's lower bound is raised.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(7170120971771216)+1 种基金Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation(2019JQ-250)China Post-doctoral Fund(2019M653962)
文摘In order to cope with the increasing threat of the ballistic missile(BM)in a shorter reaction time,the shooting policy of the layered defense system needs to be optimized.The main decisionmaking problem of shooting optimization is how to choose the next BM which needs to be shot according to the previous engagements and results,thus maximizing the expected return of BMs killed or minimizing the cost of BMs penetration.Motivated by this,this study aims to determine an optimal shooting policy for a two-layer missile defense(TLMD)system.This paper considers a scenario in which the TLMD system wishes to shoot at a collection of BMs one at a time,and to maximize the return obtained from BMs killed before the system demise.To provide a policy analysis tool,this paper develops a general model for shooting decision-making,the shooting engagements can be described as a discounted reward Markov decision process.The index shooting policy is a strategy that can effectively balance the shooting returns and the risk that the defense mission fails,and the goal is to maximize the return obtained from BMs killed before the system demise.The numerical results show that the index policy is better than a range of competitors,especially the mean returns and the mean killing BM number.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M653929)the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR201910310210)the Green Innovation Science and Technology Plan of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province(2020KJA014).
文摘The availability of a periodic inspection system under mixed maintenance policies is studied in this paper.To accommodate the characteristic of multiple failure modes for complex systems,the system failures can be divided into two failure modes:hard failure and soft failure.When hard failure occurs,the corresponding corrective maintenance will be performed,taking a random time under the perfect maintenance policy;in contrast,if the soft failure is found,the corresponding preventive maintenance will be performed,taking a random time under the imperfect maintenance policy.The dynamic age setback model is adopted for imperfect maintenance,which can accurately reflect the fault characteristics of the degraded system.Then an analytical model for system steady state availability and instantaneous availability are derived.Moreover,the optimal method to maximize the system steady-state availability through adjusting the inspection interval is researched.According to the above research,the optimization of system unit time cost,preventive maintenance intervals and availability is researched.Finally,the developed approach is demonstrated by a numerical example.
文摘This study explores childcare policy change in South Korea by employing the gradual institutional change model and in relation to the concept of defamilialization.T his study measured the degree of defamilialization quantitatively using the data of Childcare Statistics between 2001-2016 and conducted hierarchical cluster analysis.The analysis results showed that the trajectories of childcare policy in South Korea could be divided into three clusters-2001-2006 for the first cluster,2007-2012 for the second cluster,and2013-2016 for the third cluster-and there were two changes-conversion and layering.Childcare policy in South Korea has taken the path of familialization,market defamilialization,and active familialization.
