Soybean output and trade are mainly operated in America, Brazil, Argentina and China in recent years, especially in America. For China, the import output is number one, and the export output is the forth. For this rea...Soybean output and trade are mainly operated in America, Brazil, Argentina and China in recent years, especially in America. For China, the import output is number one, and the export output is the forth. For this reason, the soybean industry of China got a huge lash, and the soybean farmers got a large loss, it influenced the building of new countryside construction in China. Both U.S.A＇s soybean output and trade amour are the number one in the world, this achievement should be contributed to U.S.A＇s advanced production ability and its favorable subsidy policies. Contrary to U.S.A＇s large subsidy and cheap loan, Brazil and Argentina raise their soybean output and trade amount by high production technology and ＂untying＂ policies, such as abolishing some unreasonable rules and tax. So if we want to develop Chinese soybean industry and make sure our soybean industry＇s safety, it＇s necessary for us to experience soybean industry development of other countries＇ and improve ours展开更多
Copper smelting is a significant source of SO2 emission. It is important to quantify SO2 emissions from combustion sources for regulatory and control purposes in relation to air quality. The characteristics of SO2 emi...Copper smelting is a significant source of SO2 emission. It is important to quantify SO2 emissions from combustion sources for regulatory and control purposes in relation to air quality. The characteristics of SO2 emissions from copper smelting industry in Yurman Province, China, were examined. Analysis based on the present situation, material balance and measuring method were used to confirm SO2 emission factors of copper smelting industry. Results show that SO2 emission factors for Isa system, side blown-continuous converting system （SB-CC）, blast furnace-continuous converting systems （B-CC） and blast furnace-converter blowing （B-C） are 11.69-18.64, 62.44--101.4, 19.43-37.88 and 45.48-81.03 kg/t（blister copper）, respectively. The comprehensive emission factor based on all smelting plants is found to be in the range of 23-39.99 kg-SO2/t（blister copper） for Yunnan Province, China. The results are compared with those for discharge coefficients of industrial pollutants in the First National General Survey of Pollution Sources and the emission factor of the total amount of major pollutants. It is observed that there are some differences among emission factors.展开更多
This article introduced the new methods on the research of the wild flowers and plants idioplasmic resources, elaborated the introduction and domestication and exploitation of wild flowers and plants idioplasmatic res...This article introduced the new methods on the research of the wild flowers and plants idioplasmic resources, elaborated the introduction and domestication and exploitation of wild flowers and plants idioplasmatic resources and the sustainable development of flowers and plants industry in China, and put forward some proposals on the existing question and the prospects for the development.展开更多
General situation of China plastics industry in 2009 was reviewed,including the output/sales and export/import of plastics products,synthetic resins,plastics processing machinery and additives.
Based on a new perspective of industry chain and selecting monthly data from February2006to December2015,this paper chooses eight Chinese industrial sectors to construct a SVAR model reflecting internal relationships ...Based on a new perspective of industry chain and selecting monthly data from February2006to December2015,this paper chooses eight Chinese industrial sectors to construct a SVAR model reflecting internal relationships among metal chains,analyzes the direct effects and indirect effects of international metal prices on output of various links in metal chains,then it investigates the main transmission path of international metal price shocks through decomposing the inflation pressure sources in metal chains.The results show that international metal price shocks not only affect industrial output in a direct way,but also indirectly affect the growth of output through the increased pressure on industrial inflation and then triggering a tightening of monetary policy implementation.Affected by factors such as the lack of market demand and the price transmission mechanism blocking,the direct effects of international metal price shocks mainly impact the upstream and midstream industry,while the downstream industry is mainly affected by indirect effects;in addition,the international metal price shocks have spillover effects on the industrial inflation,and transmit along the industry chain from upstream to downstream,and their strength weakens in sequence.展开更多
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an efficient t ool which can be used to integrate information about management of enterprise. I t has a lot of functions, such as market management, production planning, finan ce ...Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an efficient t ool which can be used to integrate information about management of enterprise. I t has a lot of functions, such as market management, production planning, finan ce administration, quality control, personnel matters administration, electronic data exchange, business flow optimization and policy decision sustenance. With economy globalization, market internationalization, various and individual requ irement, modern enterprises become more and more to need ERP systems. Different trade patterns, scales,modes of operation and characteristics of products, the c onstruction of the ERP system is different. This article analyzes and discussess the characteristics of production and operation, internal administration models and market requirements about the enterprises that produce communication applia nces. Each piece of production made in the enterprises have small value and vari ed specifications. The enterprises design and produce things according to the or ders from customers. And the quantity of production in a batch is big. And the c ycle that customers remand delivering the goods is short. Assigning material and producing according to orders is this kind of enterprise’s principal organizati on pattern. The enterprises buy material according to orders, and negotiate a pr ice in many ways. In connection with this kind of enterprises which produce non -standardized parts, we put forward the construction of ERP system and take som e particular measures. First, putting the ERP system into effect can make enterp rise’s goods flow, fund flow, information flow unblocked in time and accurately, respond the change about market quickly and promote the selling of production. Second, it can make enterprise control some links efficiently, such as producin g, selling, operation plan and so on, and can arrange manufacturing reasonably. Third, it can make enterprise achieve official business automation, improve ente rprise’s administration and official business’ efficiency, supply multiple infor mation service for enterprise’s leads and raise enterprise’s comprehensive image such as trademark, quality, service and so on. Therefore, establishing the ERP system’ structure and putting it into effect is significant to enterprise’s runn ing.展开更多
At present microbiological risk are still the most frequent in the food industry and the disinfection is one of the procedures that can be carried out in the general prevention of foodborne infectious diseases. In the...At present microbiological risk are still the most frequent in the food industry and the disinfection is one of the procedures that can be carried out in the general prevention of foodborne infectious diseases. In the industrial process of food transformation the cleaning and disinfection procedures of surfaces and machinery have to be considered an integrate system with food production,a technological aspect that surely affects the finished product quality and safety. First of all to carry out properly these operations it is necessary that the factory and the equipment have been designed and constructed with high standard of hygiene to reduce the risk of contamination and to facilitate the sanitation. The procedures involve several stages which generally include pre-washing with water,cleaning,real disinfection,and a final rinsing with water. In order to assure a right disinfections of surfaces areas and of processing equipment the choice of disinfectant takes on particular importance. Some of the most widely used disinfectants include the hypochlorous acid,the chlorine dioxide and the peroxides like peracetic acid; the latter is widely used in soft drink and mineral water industries. The efficiency of these chemical agents depends on various factors as pH,temperature and the presence of organic substances with which the disinfectants can react to give by-products which can reduce the activity and can present toxicity. The use of hypochlorite may led to the formation of carcinogenic substance such as trialomethanes (THM) while the use of chlorine dioxide may lead to the formation of chlorites and chlorates. The peracetic acid is a good alternative compounds and it doesn’t lead to the formation of carcinogenic by-products. In our researches we evaluated the effectiveness of peracetic acid to inactivate some resistant micro-organism like hepatitis A virus; our results show that in practical application in CIP (cleaning in place) it’s necessary to use concentration of 600～1300mg/L of peracetic acid for 15～ 30min of contact time for an inactivation >99.99%.展开更多
The willingness to comply with the law or rule is a litmus test of the quality of legislation.Without compliance,there is no rule of law,no matter how well the laws or regulations are designed.Regulatory compliance co...The willingness to comply with the law or rule is a litmus test of the quality of legislation.Without compliance,there is no rule of law,no matter how well the laws or regulations are designed.Regulatory compliance continues to be one of the greatest challenges for energy industry due to factors such as central protectionism,inadequate legal system and weak law enforcement.To meet the challenges of achieving environmental compliance,it is proposed that the environmental compliance system should incorporate three subsystems:a primary environmental compliance system,a primary environmental compliance system,and an environmental noncompliance response system.展开更多
This paper addressed the international transferring t endency of manufacturing industry one by one as follows: (1) The developed count ries realize manufacturing industry structure upgrade reling on worldwide tr ansfe...This paper addressed the international transferring t endency of manufacturing industry one by one as follows: (1) The developed count ries realize manufacturing industry structure upgrade reling on worldwide tr ansference not only domestic transference. On one hand, the TNCs make cross-inv estments, transnational merger & acquisition so as to achieve the optimum colloc ation of R&D resources, and obtain innovation in knowledge and technology. On th e other hand, the developed countries transfer labor and resource intensive indu stry as well as the labor-intensive link of the production chain in highly tech nology industry to the developing countries, to make their industrial structure escalation. (2) The adjustment and upgrade of manufacturing industry presents "m ulti-step type". First, the object of international transference substitutes th e capital-intensive industry and maturing industry with complicate technique fo r the industry with labor-intensive, simple technique or higher pollution, or s ubstitutes non-core complex technological procedure and parts and components fo r assembly in manufacturing process. Secondly, technology transference forms "br ain-hand and foot" pattern, i.e. the developed countries are increasingly p aying more and more attention to the research and control of core technology, th us transferring simple technique and labor-intensive procedure in higher scienc e and technology. Thirdly, the developed countries begins to transfer both capit al and technology intensive production, as well as transfer certain procedures i n higher technology production process to a few developing countries, even t o transfer parts of R & D to developing countries. (3) TNCs promote the global m anufacturing network (GMN) by recombination and transfer. TNCs organize producti on, trade, technological research and transference through foreign direct invest ment (FDI) all over the world, as a result, GMN makes the national competence no longer depend on absolute occupation of certain industries, but on national com prehensive strength and comparative superiority. TNCs try to race to seize the h igher location of industrial value chain, only leaving the core technology and h igher value-added chains in mother countries, on the other hand, they transfer lower manufacturing power more and more to other countries. (4) TNCs transfer th eir domestic manufacturing bases abroad, China would become world- manufacturin g center. Chinese market is increasingly arousing foreign investor’s interest, " Made in China" will be a synonym of manufacturing industry in new century, subst ituting for "Made in U.S.", "Made in Japanese" and "Made in Europe". The Chinese manufacturing industry should hold tightly the opportunity to melt into the wor ldwide recombination and transfer and enter GMN, so as to accomplish leaping dev elopment.展开更多
Yunnan University of finance and Trade recording to t he statistics of chain’s output of tea, Yunnan province has entered the ranks of the larger ones of the production in China. Yunnan’s tea industry has the natur ...Yunnan University of finance and Trade recording to t he statistics of chain’s output of tea, Yunnan province has entered the ranks of the larger ones of the production in China. Yunnan’s tea industry has the natur al resources and the economic effects envied, on the orther hand, Yunnan’s tea m arket has gradually become less and the economic effects have been poor. Through our comprehensive investigation and study, we consider that because the supply chain has seriously been disjointed among production, supply and sale of tea ind ustry in Yunnan, the supply chain of Yunnan’s tea industry need to be reorganize d for the promoting the development of Yunnan’s tea industry. The essence of reengineering of Yunnan’s tea industrial supply chain is to set u p the model of the trailed operation,to strengthen the strategic partnership man agement between the supply chain, to optimize the design of the supply chain and build up and improve the working mechanism for management of the tea industrial supply chain. The structure of Yunnan’s model of tea industrial supply chain: the model of com mercial flow; the model of logistics flow; the model of information flow and the model of cash flow. The solutions and policies for the reorganization of Yunnan’s tea industrial sup ply chain: planning, logistics and distribution and sales. Set up the supporting system of information technology. Build up the control system of production and planning.Improve the working mechanism of Yunnan’s tea industrial supply chain. Implement the engineering of exporting Yunnan’s tea into the markets of other p rovinces and foreign markets. Have many the channels that raise the funds of dev elopment for Yunnan’s tea industry.展开更多
This paper selected the corn processing industry technology innovation alliance in Heilongjiang Province as the research object, evaluated the operational performance of the alliance by using analytic hierarchy proces...This paper selected the corn processing industry technology innovation alliance in Heilongjiang Province as the research object, evaluated the operational performance of the alliance by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods. AHP empirical results showed that the satisfaction of information communication and the satisfaction of the management process were the weakest. And the order from high to low on the level of indicators of the impact for the alliance was the result of alliance operations and the process of alliance operations, the behavioral attitude of alliance members. Besides, the results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation showed that the operational performance of the corn processing industry technology innovation alliance in Heilongjiang Province was in the general level.展开更多
Aerospace microelectronic technology has become the core competence of aerospace technology. For evaluating the aerospace microelectronic industry, it is necessary to change descriptive language of goal to quantitativ...Aerospace microelectronic technology has become the core competence of aerospace technology. For evaluating the aerospace microelectronic industry, it is necessary to change descriptive language of goal to quantitative index that can be measured. Knowing quantified goals or tree structure and array of general goal system, with certain algorithm and processing each corresponding list or array, we can bring out a quantified general goal value. The multi-objective (multi-attribute) evaluation method and the relevant weight sum algorithm have been adopted to quantitatively evaluate and forecast the developing state of the industry. A practical example illustrates that the applied decision technique and the algorithm are feasible and effective.展开更多
With the development of China＇s market economy, the international grain supply situation is increasingly tense, and the grain has been regarded as an important international strategic resource in the international ma...With the development of China＇s market economy, the international grain supply situation is increasingly tense, and the grain has been regarded as an important international strategic resource in the international market. Due to the reduction of international grain output and expected inflation, the gap between maize supply shortage and increasing demand is apparent in China, so that China is described as a worrying importer country. By using SWOT analysis belonging to the field of enterprise strategic management, this paper analyzed the current maize industry development in Heilongjiang Province as an entry point, the strength, weakness and opportunity and threat were put forward. Thereby, the developing principles and strategies were proposed to stimulate the maize industry development in Heilongjiang Province, which would lay a good foundation of 50 billion kilograms grain production capacity by 2015 in China, as well as the economic development and local farmers＇ income increase.展开更多
This paper presents the importance of innovation in t he manufacturing enterprise and the need for the engineering education to conver ge with research and innovation. In pursuit of the ultimate manufacturing proces s...This paper presents the importance of innovation in t he manufacturing enterprise and the need for the engineering education to conver ge with research and innovation. In pursuit of the ultimate manufacturing proces s. Change is inevitable which constantly creates new demands on both engineers a nd the educational system. These demands are consistent with the economic, cultu ral, and social evolution, which finally influence the end technology. In parall el, the change in industrial heating is imminent due to the rises in the cost of fossil fuel and the environmental considerations. Microwave processing offers t he process industry an alternative with some distinct advantages.展开更多
The paper viewed the current problem that state-owned enterprises in northeast industry base hadn＇t technologies of their own intellectual property right, whose sources mainly depended on imitation and introduction f...The paper viewed the current problem that state-owned enterprises in northeast industry base hadn＇t technologies of their own intellectual property right, whose sources mainly depended on imitation and introduction from abroad. Operational evaluation method and index criteria system of enterprises technology innovation ability were put forward in this paper, different enterprises may revise the model according to their actual situations to evaluate the enterprise technological innovation ability scientifically and quickly. The findings will be helpful to correlative departments to formulate the related policies and also has important theoretical and practical value in technological innovation project of enterprise.展开更多
Background: The Occupational Safety and Health Council(OSHC) is committed to improve the safety performance of the high risk construction industry.In the past three years,about 40% of the fatal accidents in the constr...Background: The Occupational Safety and Health Council(OSHC) is committed to improve the safety performance of the high risk construction industry.In the past three years,about 40% of the fatal accidents in the construction industry were related to Renovation,Maintenance,Alteration and Addition(RMAA).Due to the poor safety record,some of the RMAA contractors have difficulty in obtaining the Employees' Compensation Insurance(ECI) cover in the market,or if they could obtain the ECI,the premium rate would be exceedingly high.In view of this,the OSHC,the Labour Department jointly launched"OSH Star Enterprise-Pilot Scheme on Safety Accreditation for the RMAA Industry",which prompts the industry to take practicable safety measures to improve the safety of working environment and reduce occupational injuries.The program also helps the stakeholders and insurers to identify safety-conscious contractors and thereby provide them with a favourable premium rate under the Employees' Compensation Insurance Residual Scheme(ECIRS).Objectives: The OSHC launches the Pilot Scheme to improve the safety performance of the RMAA industry through providing safety training,subsidizing enterprise to purchase safety equipment and providing safety audit.We also use financial incentive to encourage RMAA enterprises to join the Pilot Scheme-for those who are accredited as "OSH Star Enterprise"could receive a premium discount from the ERIRS when obtaining the ECI.The scheme also differentiates those safety-conscious and law-abiding enterprises from the poor performers,which helps the industry and public identifying the RMAA contractors who pay attention to work safety.Methods: The Pilot Scheme targets RMAA enterprises that employ less than 50 employees in Hong Kong.A three-pronged approach is used to improve the safety performance of the RMAA industry: the Pilot Scheme provides(1) financial support for the RMAA contractors to buy a transportable temporary anchor device and full body safety harness and its anchor system;(2) safety training on RMAA work safety and safety & health supervisor course;and(3) safety audit.Results: Enterprises that successfully pass the safety audit and satisfied the Scheme requirements will be accredited as"OSH Star Enterprise",which will be valid for two years.These enterprises can also be upgraded to"OSH Gold Star Enterprise"based on their continuous improvement in safety performance.OSHC will set up a register of OSH-accredited enterprises in RMAA works for reference of the public to facilitate their choosing of accredited contractors.The Employees' Compensation Insurance Residual Scheme Bureau will provide privileged premium rate for enterprises with OSH accreditation."OSH Star Enterprise"could enjoy 40% discounts when joining their insurance scheme.For example,a skilled worker's annual premium can be reduced by about HK $ 36,000.While,the "OSH Gold Star Enterprise"could enjoy 50% discounts when joining their insurance scheme,which means a skilled worker's annual premium can be reduced up to HK $ 45,000.Achievements: This Pilot Scheme offers practical assistance as well as attractive financial incentives for the RMAA industry to improve their safety performance.The Employees'Compensation Insurance Residual Scheme provides premium discounts for enterprises that have a good safety record.It provides incentive for RMAA contractors to actively participate in the Pilot Scheme.The Scheme demonstrates that by providing a safe working environment and appropriate personal protective equipment to workers,the enterprise not only helps to reduce the accident rate of the industry but also receive an economic return.The Pilot Scheme bridges stakeholders of RMAA industry,the government and the insurance industry creating an "all-win"situation.This partnership approach to prevent injuries and accidents in the construction industry could be an effective model for other industries.展开更多
The re-establishment of the Hong Kong manufacturin g industry as a local pillar of economy is vital in the restructuring of the e conomy in Hong Kong. The SMEs should play a key role in such a process. It requi res ma...The re-establishment of the Hong Kong manufacturin g industry as a local pillar of economy is vital in the restructuring of the e conomy in Hong Kong. The SMEs should play a key role in such a process. It requi res major changes to take place in the operation of the enterprises in order to enhance their competitiveness and therefore the chance of success in the restruc turing process. It is suggested that the strategy of going for high value-added products and related services together with the practice of "focused factory" s hould be adopted by the SMEs in the industry. Effective change management by the top managers and owners in the SMEs is an underpinning element for the success. Basing upon the characteristics of the SMEs in the industry, a model of change is proposed. The roles that should be played by the top management and owners in the industry are suggested and discussed. It is believe that the proposal and s uggestions made would help the industry to effectively manage the changes that a re necessary for the industry to shape the competitiveness of the industry in th e world arena in future.展开更多
Natural Gas Industry B创刊于2014年,是天然气工业杂志社与KeAi公司合作出版的一本开放获取型国际期刊,在爱思唯尔旗下的ScienceDirect平台双月出版。创刊至今,Natural Gas Industry B始终秉承“报道天然气领域前沿学术研究,展示工程...Natural Gas Industry B创刊于2014年,是天然气工业杂志社与KeAi公司合作出版的一本开放获取型国际期刊,在爱思唯尔旗下的ScienceDirect平台双月出版。创刊至今,Natural Gas Industry B始终秉承“报道天然气领域前沿学术研究,展示工程技术发展趋势,以理论研究成果推动工程技术进步”的办刊宗旨,服务全球天然气产业,并积极推动能源行业碳减排和低碳转型的发展。期刊现被ESCI、Scopus、GeoRef、INSPEC、NASA ADS等数据库检索,获得了国际学术界的广泛认可。2024年,期刊获得Web of Science影响因子4.2,进入科睿唯安JCR报告ENERGY&FUELS学科Q2区,2025年,期刊进入中科院《期刊分区表》工程技术大类2区,能源与燃料小类2区。展开更多
Natural Gas Industry B创刊于2014年,是天然气工业杂志社与KeAi公司合作出版的一本开放获取型国际期刊,在爱思唯尔旗下的ScienceDirect平台双月出版。创刊至今,Natural Gas Industry B始终秉承“报道天然气领域前沿学术研究,展示工程...Natural Gas Industry B创刊于2014年,是天然气工业杂志社与KeAi公司合作出版的一本开放获取型国际期刊,在爱思唯尔旗下的ScienceDirect平台双月出版。创刊至今,Natural Gas Industry B始终秉承“报道天然气领域前沿学术研究,展示工程技术发展趋势,以理论研究成果推动工程技术进步”的办刊宗旨,服务全球天然气产业,并积极推动能源行业碳减排和低碳转型的发展。展开更多
文摘Soybean output and trade are mainly operated in America, Brazil, Argentina and China in recent years, especially in America. For China, the import output is number one, and the export output is the forth. For this reason, the soybean industry of China got a huge lash, and the soybean farmers got a large loss, it influenced the building of new countryside construction in China. Both U.S.A＇s soybean output and trade amour are the number one in the world, this achievement should be contributed to U.S.A＇s advanced production ability and its favorable subsidy policies. Contrary to U.S.A＇s large subsidy and cheap loan, Brazil and Argentina raise their soybean output and trade amount by high production technology and ＂untying＂ policies, such as abolishing some unreasonable rules and tax. So if we want to develop Chinese soybean industry and make sure our soybean industry＇s safety, it＇s necessary for us to experience soybean industry development of other countries＇ and improve ours
基金Projects(KKK0201022137,KKK0201122183) supported by the Special Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau,China
文摘Copper smelting is a significant source of SO2 emission. It is important to quantify SO2 emissions from combustion sources for regulatory and control purposes in relation to air quality. The characteristics of SO2 emissions from copper smelting industry in Yurman Province, China, were examined. Analysis based on the present situation, material balance and measuring method were used to confirm SO2 emission factors of copper smelting industry. Results show that SO2 emission factors for Isa system, side blown-continuous converting system （SB-CC）, blast furnace-continuous converting systems （B-CC） and blast furnace-converter blowing （B-C） are 11.69-18.64, 62.44--101.4, 19.43-37.88 and 45.48-81.03 kg/t（blister copper）, respectively. The comprehensive emission factor based on all smelting plants is found to be in the range of 23-39.99 kg-SO2/t（blister copper） for Yunnan Province, China. The results are compared with those for discharge coefficients of industrial pollutants in the First National General Survey of Pollution Sources and the emission factor of the total amount of major pollutants. It is observed that there are some differences among emission factors.
文摘This article introduced the new methods on the research of the wild flowers and plants idioplasmic resources, elaborated the introduction and domestication and exploitation of wild flowers and plants idioplasmatic resources and the sustainable development of flowers and plants industry in China, and put forward some proposals on the existing question and the prospects for the development.
文摘General situation of China plastics industry in 2009 was reviewed,including the output/sales and export/import of plastics products,synthetic resins,plastics processing machinery and additives.
基金Projects(71633006,71573282)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Based on a new perspective of industry chain and selecting monthly data from February2006to December2015,this paper chooses eight Chinese industrial sectors to construct a SVAR model reflecting internal relationships among metal chains,analyzes the direct effects and indirect effects of international metal prices on output of various links in metal chains,then it investigates the main transmission path of international metal price shocks through decomposing the inflation pressure sources in metal chains.The results show that international metal price shocks not only affect industrial output in a direct way,but also indirectly affect the growth of output through the increased pressure on industrial inflation and then triggering a tightening of monetary policy implementation.Affected by factors such as the lack of market demand and the price transmission mechanism blocking,the direct effects of international metal price shocks mainly impact the upstream and midstream industry,while the downstream industry is mainly affected by indirect effects;in addition,the international metal price shocks have spillover effects on the industrial inflation,and transmit along the industry chain from upstream to downstream,and their strength weakens in sequence.
文摘Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an efficient t ool which can be used to integrate information about management of enterprise. I t has a lot of functions, such as market management, production planning, finan ce administration, quality control, personnel matters administration, electronic data exchange, business flow optimization and policy decision sustenance. With economy globalization, market internationalization, various and individual requ irement, modern enterprises become more and more to need ERP systems. Different trade patterns, scales,modes of operation and characteristics of products, the c onstruction of the ERP system is different. This article analyzes and discussess the characteristics of production and operation, internal administration models and market requirements about the enterprises that produce communication applia nces. Each piece of production made in the enterprises have small value and vari ed specifications. The enterprises design and produce things according to the or ders from customers. And the quantity of production in a batch is big. And the c ycle that customers remand delivering the goods is short. Assigning material and producing according to orders is this kind of enterprise’s principal organizati on pattern. The enterprises buy material according to orders, and negotiate a pr ice in many ways. In connection with this kind of enterprises which produce non -standardized parts, we put forward the construction of ERP system and take som e particular measures. First, putting the ERP system into effect can make enterp rise’s goods flow, fund flow, information flow unblocked in time and accurately, respond the change about market quickly and promote the selling of production. Second, it can make enterprise control some links efficiently, such as producin g, selling, operation plan and so on, and can arrange manufacturing reasonably. Third, it can make enterprise achieve official business automation, improve ente rprise’s administration and official business’ efficiency, supply multiple infor mation service for enterprise’s leads and raise enterprise’s comprehensive image such as trademark, quality, service and so on. Therefore, establishing the ERP system’ structure and putting it into effect is significant to enterprise’s runn ing.
文摘At present microbiological risk are still the most frequent in the food industry and the disinfection is one of the procedures that can be carried out in the general prevention of foodborne infectious diseases. In the industrial process of food transformation the cleaning and disinfection procedures of surfaces and machinery have to be considered an integrate system with food production,a technological aspect that surely affects the finished product quality and safety. First of all to carry out properly these operations it is necessary that the factory and the equipment have been designed and constructed with high standard of hygiene to reduce the risk of contamination and to facilitate the sanitation. The procedures involve several stages which generally include pre-washing with water,cleaning,real disinfection,and a final rinsing with water. In order to assure a right disinfections of surfaces areas and of processing equipment the choice of disinfectant takes on particular importance. Some of the most widely used disinfectants include the hypochlorous acid,the chlorine dioxide and the peroxides like peracetic acid; the latter is widely used in soft drink and mineral water industries. The efficiency of these chemical agents depends on various factors as pH,temperature and the presence of organic substances with which the disinfectants can react to give by-products which can reduce the activity and can present toxicity. The use of hypochlorite may led to the formation of carcinogenic substance such as trialomethanes (THM) while the use of chlorine dioxide may lead to the formation of chlorites and chlorates. The peracetic acid is a good alternative compounds and it doesn’t lead to the formation of carcinogenic by-products. In our researches we evaluated the effectiveness of peracetic acid to inactivate some resistant micro-organism like hepatitis A virus; our results show that in practical application in CIP (cleaning in place) it’s necessary to use concentration of 600～1300mg/L of peracetic acid for 15～ 30min of contact time for an inactivation >99.99%.
基金the staged achievement of National Social Science Project(15CFX053)supported by scientific research project of SWPU(2017RW010)funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council and the Energy Law Research Team of SWPU(2018CXTD13)。
文摘The willingness to comply with the law or rule is a litmus test of the quality of legislation.Without compliance,there is no rule of law,no matter how well the laws or regulations are designed.Regulatory compliance continues to be one of the greatest challenges for energy industry due to factors such as central protectionism,inadequate legal system and weak law enforcement.To meet the challenges of achieving environmental compliance,it is proposed that the environmental compliance system should incorporate three subsystems:a primary environmental compliance system,a primary environmental compliance system,and an environmental noncompliance response system.
文摘This paper addressed the international transferring t endency of manufacturing industry one by one as follows: (1) The developed count ries realize manufacturing industry structure upgrade reling on worldwide tr ansference not only domestic transference. On one hand, the TNCs make cross-inv estments, transnational merger & acquisition so as to achieve the optimum colloc ation of R&D resources, and obtain innovation in knowledge and technology. On th e other hand, the developed countries transfer labor and resource intensive indu stry as well as the labor-intensive link of the production chain in highly tech nology industry to the developing countries, to make their industrial structure escalation. (2) The adjustment and upgrade of manufacturing industry presents "m ulti-step type". First, the object of international transference substitutes th e capital-intensive industry and maturing industry with complicate technique fo r the industry with labor-intensive, simple technique or higher pollution, or s ubstitutes non-core complex technological procedure and parts and components fo r assembly in manufacturing process. Secondly, technology transference forms "br ain-hand and foot" pattern, i.e. the developed countries are increasingly p aying more and more attention to the research and control of core technology, th us transferring simple technique and labor-intensive procedure in higher scienc e and technology. Thirdly, the developed countries begins to transfer both capit al and technology intensive production, as well as transfer certain procedures i n higher technology production process to a few developing countries, even t o transfer parts of R & D to developing countries. (3) TNCs promote the global m anufacturing network (GMN) by recombination and transfer. TNCs organize producti on, trade, technological research and transference through foreign direct invest ment (FDI) all over the world, as a result, GMN makes the national competence no longer depend on absolute occupation of certain industries, but on national com prehensive strength and comparative superiority. TNCs try to race to seize the h igher location of industrial value chain, only leaving the core technology and h igher value-added chains in mother countries, on the other hand, they transfer lower manufacturing power more and more to other countries. (4) TNCs transfer th eir domestic manufacturing bases abroad, China would become world- manufacturin g center. Chinese market is increasingly arousing foreign investor’s interest, " Made in China" will be a synonym of manufacturing industry in new century, subst ituting for "Made in U.S.", "Made in Japanese" and "Made in Europe". The Chinese manufacturing industry should hold tightly the opportunity to melt into the wor ldwide recombination and transfer and enter GMN, so as to accomplish leaping dev elopment.
文摘Yunnan University of finance and Trade recording to t he statistics of chain’s output of tea, Yunnan province has entered the ranks of the larger ones of the production in China. Yunnan’s tea industry has the natur al resources and the economic effects envied, on the orther hand, Yunnan’s tea m arket has gradually become less and the economic effects have been poor. Through our comprehensive investigation and study, we consider that because the supply chain has seriously been disjointed among production, supply and sale of tea ind ustry in Yunnan, the supply chain of Yunnan’s tea industry need to be reorganize d for the promoting the development of Yunnan’s tea industry. The essence of reengineering of Yunnan’s tea industrial supply chain is to set u p the model of the trailed operation,to strengthen the strategic partnership man agement between the supply chain, to optimize the design of the supply chain and build up and improve the working mechanism for management of the tea industrial supply chain. The structure of Yunnan’s model of tea industrial supply chain: the model of com mercial flow; the model of logistics flow; the model of information flow and the model of cash flow. The solutions and policies for the reorganization of Yunnan’s tea industrial sup ply chain: planning, logistics and distribution and sales. Set up the supporting system of information technology. Build up the control system of production and planning.Improve the working mechanism of Yunnan’s tea industrial supply chain. Implement the engineering of exporting Yunnan’s tea into the markets of other p rovinces and foreign markets. Have many the channels that raise the funds of dev elopment for Yunnan’s tea industry.
基金Supported by Technology Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province(GB14D202)
文摘This paper selected the corn processing industry technology innovation alliance in Heilongjiang Province as the research object, evaluated the operational performance of the alliance by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods. AHP empirical results showed that the satisfaction of information communication and the satisfaction of the management process were the weakest. And the order from high to low on the level of indicators of the impact for the alliance was the result of alliance operations and the process of alliance operations, the behavioral attitude of alliance members. Besides, the results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation showed that the operational performance of the corn processing industry technology innovation alliance in Heilongjiang Province was in the general level.
文摘Aerospace microelectronic technology has become the core competence of aerospace technology. For evaluating the aerospace microelectronic industry, it is necessary to change descriptive language of goal to quantitative index that can be measured. Knowing quantified goals or tree structure and array of general goal system, with certain algorithm and processing each corresponding list or array, we can bring out a quantified general goal value. The multi-objective (multi-attribute) evaluation method and the relevant weight sum algorithm have been adopted to quantitatively evaluate and forecast the developing state of the industry. A practical example illustrates that the applied decision technique and the algorithm are feasible and effective.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2011BAD16B11)
文摘With the development of China＇s market economy, the international grain supply situation is increasingly tense, and the grain has been regarded as an important international strategic resource in the international market. Due to the reduction of international grain output and expected inflation, the gap between maize supply shortage and increasing demand is apparent in China, so that China is described as a worrying importer country. By using SWOT analysis belonging to the field of enterprise strategic management, this paper analyzed the current maize industry development in Heilongjiang Province as an entry point, the strength, weakness and opportunity and threat were put forward. Thereby, the developing principles and strategies were proposed to stimulate the maize industry development in Heilongjiang Province, which would lay a good foundation of 50 billion kilograms grain production capacity by 2015 in China, as well as the economic development and local farmers＇ income increase.
文摘This paper presents the importance of innovation in t he manufacturing enterprise and the need for the engineering education to conver ge with research and innovation. In pursuit of the ultimate manufacturing proces s. Change is inevitable which constantly creates new demands on both engineers a nd the educational system. These demands are consistent with the economic, cultu ral, and social evolution, which finally influence the end technology. In parall el, the change in industrial heating is imminent due to the rises in the cost of fossil fuel and the environmental considerations. Microwave processing offers t he process industry an alternative with some distinct advantages.
文摘The paper viewed the current problem that state-owned enterprises in northeast industry base hadn＇t technologies of their own intellectual property right, whose sources mainly depended on imitation and introduction from abroad. Operational evaluation method and index criteria system of enterprises technology innovation ability were put forward in this paper, different enterprises may revise the model according to their actual situations to evaluate the enterprise technological innovation ability scientifically and quickly. The findings will be helpful to correlative departments to formulate the related policies and also has important theoretical and practical value in technological innovation project of enterprise.
文摘Background: The Occupational Safety and Health Council(OSHC) is committed to improve the safety performance of the high risk construction industry.In the past three years,about 40% of the fatal accidents in the construction industry were related to Renovation,Maintenance,Alteration and Addition(RMAA).Due to the poor safety record,some of the RMAA contractors have difficulty in obtaining the Employees' Compensation Insurance(ECI) cover in the market,or if they could obtain the ECI,the premium rate would be exceedingly high.In view of this,the OSHC,the Labour Department jointly launched"OSH Star Enterprise-Pilot Scheme on Safety Accreditation for the RMAA Industry",which prompts the industry to take practicable safety measures to improve the safety of working environment and reduce occupational injuries.The program also helps the stakeholders and insurers to identify safety-conscious contractors and thereby provide them with a favourable premium rate under the Employees' Compensation Insurance Residual Scheme(ECIRS).Objectives: The OSHC launches the Pilot Scheme to improve the safety performance of the RMAA industry through providing safety training,subsidizing enterprise to purchase safety equipment and providing safety audit.We also use financial incentive to encourage RMAA enterprises to join the Pilot Scheme-for those who are accredited as "OSH Star Enterprise"could receive a premium discount from the ERIRS when obtaining the ECI.The scheme also differentiates those safety-conscious and law-abiding enterprises from the poor performers,which helps the industry and public identifying the RMAA contractors who pay attention to work safety.Methods: The Pilot Scheme targets RMAA enterprises that employ less than 50 employees in Hong Kong.A three-pronged approach is used to improve the safety performance of the RMAA industry: the Pilot Scheme provides(1) financial support for the RMAA contractors to buy a transportable temporary anchor device and full body safety harness and its anchor system;(2) safety training on RMAA work safety and safety & health supervisor course;and(3) safety audit.Results: Enterprises that successfully pass the safety audit and satisfied the Scheme requirements will be accredited as"OSH Star Enterprise",which will be valid for two years.These enterprises can also be upgraded to"OSH Gold Star Enterprise"based on their continuous improvement in safety performance.OSHC will set up a register of OSH-accredited enterprises in RMAA works for reference of the public to facilitate their choosing of accredited contractors.The Employees' Compensation Insurance Residual Scheme Bureau will provide privileged premium rate for enterprises with OSH accreditation."OSH Star Enterprise"could enjoy 40% discounts when joining their insurance scheme.For example,a skilled worker's annual premium can be reduced by about HK $ 36,000.While,the "OSH Gold Star Enterprise"could enjoy 50% discounts when joining their insurance scheme,which means a skilled worker's annual premium can be reduced up to HK $ 45,000.Achievements: This Pilot Scheme offers practical assistance as well as attractive financial incentives for the RMAA industry to improve their safety performance.The Employees'Compensation Insurance Residual Scheme provides premium discounts for enterprises that have a good safety record.It provides incentive for RMAA contractors to actively participate in the Pilot Scheme.The Scheme demonstrates that by providing a safe working environment and appropriate personal protective equipment to workers,the enterprise not only helps to reduce the accident rate of the industry but also receive an economic return.The Pilot Scheme bridges stakeholders of RMAA industry,the government and the insurance industry creating an "all-win"situation.This partnership approach to prevent injuries and accidents in the construction industry could be an effective model for other industries.
文摘The re-establishment of the Hong Kong manufacturin g industry as a local pillar of economy is vital in the restructuring of the e conomy in Hong Kong. The SMEs should play a key role in such a process. It requi res major changes to take place in the operation of the enterprises in order to enhance their competitiveness and therefore the chance of success in the restruc turing process. It is suggested that the strategy of going for high value-added products and related services together with the practice of "focused factory" s hould be adopted by the SMEs in the industry. Effective change management by the top managers and owners in the SMEs is an underpinning element for the success. Basing upon the characteristics of the SMEs in the industry, a model of change is proposed. The roles that should be played by the top management and owners in the industry are suggested and discussed. It is believe that the proposal and s uggestions made would help the industry to effectively manage the changes that a re necessary for the industry to shape the competitiveness of the industry in th e world arena in future.
文摘Natural Gas Industry B创刊于2014年,是天然气工业杂志社与KeAi公司合作出版的一本开放获取型国际期刊,在爱思唯尔旗下的ScienceDirect平台双月出版。创刊至今,Natural Gas Industry B始终秉承“报道天然气领域前沿学术研究,展示工程技术发展趋势,以理论研究成果推动工程技术进步”的办刊宗旨,服务全球天然气产业,并积极推动能源行业碳减排和低碳转型的发展。期刊现被ESCI、Scopus、GeoRef、INSPEC、NASA ADS等数据库检索,获得了国际学术界的广泛认可。2024年,期刊获得Web of Science影响因子4.2,进入科睿唯安JCR报告ENERGY&FUELS学科Q2区,2025年,期刊进入中科院《期刊分区表》工程技术大类2区,能源与燃料小类2区。
文摘Natural Gas Industry B创刊于2014年,是天然气工业杂志社与KeAi公司合作出版的一本开放获取型国际期刊,在爱思唯尔旗下的ScienceDirect平台双月出版。创刊至今,Natural Gas Industry B始终秉承“报道天然气领域前沿学术研究,展示工程技术发展趋势,以理论研究成果推动工程技术进步”的办刊宗旨,服务全球天然气产业,并积极推动能源行业碳减排和低碳转型的发展。
