The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of high speed indirect-extruded Mg-5%Sn-(1, 2, 4) Zn(mass fraction, %) alloys were investigated by optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning elect...The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of high speed indirect-extruded Mg-5%Sn-(1, 2, 4) Zn(mass fraction, %) alloys were investigated by optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), differential thermal analysis(DTA) and a static tension tester. All the studied alloys can be extruded successfully at a high speed of 10 m/min. The grain size, area fraction of particles and tensile properties are found to be greatly affected by the extrusion speed and Zn content, resulting in tensile properties showing lower strength and ductility as the extrusion speed increases and Zn content decreases. The dependence of grain size and tensile properties on the second phase particles is also discussed.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM),also known as 3D-printing(3DP)technology,is an advanced manufacturing technology that has developed rapidly in the past 40 years.However,the ceramic material printing is still challenging be...Additive manufacturing(AM),also known as 3D-printing(3DP)technology,is an advanced manufacturing technology that has developed rapidly in the past 40 years.However,the ceramic material printing is still challenging because of the issue of cracking.Indirect 3D printing has been designed and drawn attention because of its high manufacturing speed and low cost.Indirect 3D printing separates the one-step forming process of direct 3D printing into binding and material sintering,avoiding the internal stress caused by rapid cooling,making it possible to realize the highquality ceramic component with complex shape.This paper presents the research progress of leading indirect 3D printing technologies,including binder jetting(BJ),stereolithography(SLA),and fused deposition modeling(FDM).At present,the additive manufacturing of ceramic materials is mainly achieved through indirect 3D printing technology,and these materials include silicon nitride,hydroxyapatite functional ceramics,silicon carbide structural ceramics.展开更多
A novel control method for a general class of nonlinear systems using fuzzy logic systems （FLSs） is presertted. Indirect and direct methods are combined to design the adaptive fuzzy output feedback controller and a ...A novel control method for a general class of nonlinear systems using fuzzy logic systems （FLSs） is presertted. Indirect and direct methods are combined to design the adaptive fuzzy output feedback controller and a high-gain observer is used to estimate the derivatives of the system output. The closed-loop system is proven to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. In addition, it is shown that if the approximation accuracy of the fuzzy logic system is high enough and the observer gain is chosen sufficiently large, an arbitrarily small tracking error can be achieved. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the newly designed scheme and the theoretical discussion.展开更多
The photo absorbing, photo transmitting and photoluminescence performances of WiO2 photocatalysts compounded with V2O5 or WO3 were investigated by UV-Vis spectra, transmitting spectra, and PL spectra, respectively. Th...The photo absorbing, photo transmitting and photoluminescence performances of WiO2 photocatalysts compounded with V2O5 or WO3 were investigated by UV-Vis spectra, transmitting spectra, and PL spectra, respectively. The energy band structures of TiO2 photocatalysts were analyzed. The photocatalytic activities of the TiO2 photocatalysts were investigated by splitting of water for 02 evolution. The results indicate that the band gaps of WO3 and V205 are about 2.8 and 2.14 eV, respectively, and the band gap of rutile TiO2 is about 3.08 eV. Speeds of water splitting for 2%WO3-TiO2 and 8%V2O5-TiO2 photocatalysts are 420 and 110 μmol/（L.h）, respectively, under UV light irradiation. V2O5 and WO3 compounded with suitable concentration can improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 with Fe3＋ as electron acceptor.展开更多
Numerical study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of combined heat transfer of radiation, conduction and convection in indirect near infrared ray （N/R） heating chamber. The effects of important design pa...Numerical study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of combined heat transfer of radiation, conduction and convection in indirect near infrared ray （N/R） heating chamber. The effects of important design parameters such as the shape of heat absorbing cylinder and heat releasing fin on the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient were analyzed with different Reynolds numbers. The Reynolds numbers were varied from 103 to 3x106, which was defined based on the hydraulic diameter of the heat absorbing cylinder. Analyses were performed to obtain the inner and outer flow and the temperature distributions in the heat absorbing cylinder and the rates of radiation heat transfer and convection heat transfer. As the Reynolds number increases, the convection heat transfer rate is increased while the radiation heat transfer rate is decreased. The average convection heat transfer rate follows a power rule of the Reynolds number. Addition of three-dimensional heat releasing fin to the outside of the heat absorbing cylinder enhances the convection heat transfer.展开更多
Avian infectious bronchitis(IB)is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus(IBV).In the study,according to IBV gene sequences published in Gen Bank,specific primers were designed to ...Avian infectious bronchitis(IB)is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus(IBV).In the study,according to IBV gene sequences published in Gen Bank,specific primers were designed to clone N gene by RT-PCR,and this gene was inserted into p ET-30a(+)vector resulting in a prokaryotic expression plasma p ET-30a-N.The results of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein was expressed successfully and had good reactivity with IBV positive serum.Using purified recombinant N protein as a coating antigen,the indirect ELISA protocol was established and optimized,in which N protein was 2.5μg·m L^-1 of concentration,sample serum of 1:40 dilution.For clinical specimen,the IBV antibodies could be detected by this method efficiently and got nearly the same results as those of IBV-mediated ELISA.It would provide a good tool for rapid diagnosis and epidemiological study of avian infectious bronchitis.展开更多
This experiment was conducted to diagnose Peste des Petits Ruminants based on the eukaryotically-expressed PPRV nucleoprotein through an indirect ELISA. The full-length PPRV nucleoprotein gene was obtained from viral ...This experiment was conducted to diagnose Peste des Petits Ruminants based on the eukaryotically-expressed PPRV nucleoprotein through an indirect ELISA. The full-length PPRV nucleoprotein gene was obtained from viral genome RNA by RT-PCR. The amplified fragments were cloned into baculovirus donor vectors pFastHTA of the Bac-to-Bac system. These recombinant plasmids, pFastHTA-PPRV-N, were transformed into DH10Bac host bacteria to obtain recombinant shuttle plasmids, pBacmid-PPRV-N. Recombinant baculovirus, Bacmid-PPRV-N, was generated for expression of the PPRV nucleoprotein by transfecting recombinant pBacmid-PPRV-N with Lipofectamine 2000 into Sf21 insect cells. The efficient expression of PPRV Nucleoprotein by baculovirus in Sf21 cells was verified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. An indirect ELISA was developed using recombinant PPRV nucleoprotein as the coating antigen. 37 goat sera from an epidemic area in Tibet and 92 goat sera from a non-infected area in Qinghai Province were simultaneously detected by the indirect ELISA, developed here, and the international standard cELISA kit. The sensitivity and specificity of the indirect ELISA was 100% and 96.2% compared with the cELISA kit. The coincidence rate of the two methods was 96.9%. The results demonstrated that the indirect ELISA established in this study works well for diagnosis of PPR.展开更多
The implied meaning/intention probably varies with the changing context.But the inference of Zen koans is quite different and difficult,because the context for a Zen koan is usually implicit,and more confusing is the ...The implied meaning/intention probably varies with the changing context.But the inference of Zen koans is quite different and difficult,because the context for a Zen koan is usually implicit,and more confusing is the irrelevant words the Zen Master used in it,which costs us more time and effort to infer.Usually,no logical meaning will be inferred from the seemingly irrational expressions,but we may find the intention behind these koans remains the same no matter how changing the contexts will be.Zen Masters created these koans rationally to break down the learners’rigid indulgence in rational thoughts and expressions,because language is just a tool for learners to see their own nature,get enlightened and attain Buddha-nature.So,Zen koans are still inferable—the rational intention is in the disguise of irrational words.The inference of Zen koans is of theoretical significance.展开更多
基金Project(2012R1A1A1012802) supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and TechnologyProject(2013021013-4) supported by Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths,China+1 种基金Project supported by Advanced Programs of Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Shanxi Province for Returned ScholarsProject(2012L003) supported by Foundation for Young Scholars of Taiyuan University of Technology,China
文摘The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of high speed indirect-extruded Mg-5%Sn-(1, 2, 4) Zn(mass fraction, %) alloys were investigated by optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), differential thermal analysis(DTA) and a static tension tester. All the studied alloys can be extruded successfully at a high speed of 10 m/min. The grain size, area fraction of particles and tensile properties are found to be greatly affected by the extrusion speed and Zn content, resulting in tensile properties showing lower strength and ductility as the extrusion speed increases and Zn content decreases. The dependence of grain size and tensile properties on the second phase particles is also discussed.
基金Project(51901020)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2019JZZY010327)supported by Shandong Key Research and Development Plan,China+1 种基金Project(201942074001)supported by Aeronautical Science Foundation of ChinaProject(FRF-IP-20-05)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM),also known as 3D-printing(3DP)technology,is an advanced manufacturing technology that has developed rapidly in the past 40 years.However,the ceramic material printing is still challenging because of the issue of cracking.Indirect 3D printing has been designed and drawn attention because of its high manufacturing speed and low cost.Indirect 3D printing separates the one-step forming process of direct 3D printing into binding and material sintering,avoiding the internal stress caused by rapid cooling,making it possible to realize the highquality ceramic component with complex shape.This paper presents the research progress of leading indirect 3D printing technologies,including binder jetting(BJ),stereolithography(SLA),and fused deposition modeling(FDM).At present,the additive manufacturing of ceramic materials is mainly achieved through indirect 3D printing technology,and these materials include silicon nitride,hydroxyapatite functional ceramics,silicon carbide structural ceramics.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90405011).
文摘A novel control method for a general class of nonlinear systems using fuzzy logic systems （FLSs） is presertted. Indirect and direct methods are combined to design the adaptive fuzzy output feedback controller and a high-gain observer is used to estimate the derivatives of the system output. The closed-loop system is proven to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. In addition, it is shown that if the approximation accuracy of the fuzzy logic system is high enough and the observer gain is chosen sufficiently large, an arbitrarily small tracking error can be achieved. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the newly designed scheme and the theoretical discussion.
基金Project(11JJ5010) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, ChinaProject(2011RS4069) supported by the Planned Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province, ChinaProject supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University,China
文摘The photo absorbing, photo transmitting and photoluminescence performances of WiO2 photocatalysts compounded with V2O5 or WO3 were investigated by UV-Vis spectra, transmitting spectra, and PL spectra, respectively. The energy band structures of TiO2 photocatalysts were analyzed. The photocatalytic activities of the TiO2 photocatalysts were investigated by splitting of water for 02 evolution. The results indicate that the band gaps of WO3 and V205 are about 2.8 and 2.14 eV, respectively, and the band gap of rutile TiO2 is about 3.08 eV. Speeds of water splitting for 2%WO3-TiO2 and 8%V2O5-TiO2 photocatalysts are 420 and 110 μmol/（L.h）, respectively, under UV light irradiation. V2O5 and WO3 compounded with suitable concentration can improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 with Fe3＋ as electron acceptor.
基金supported by the Second Stage of Brain Korea 21 Projects
文摘Numerical study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of combined heat transfer of radiation, conduction and convection in indirect near infrared ray （N/R） heating chamber. The effects of important design parameters such as the shape of heat absorbing cylinder and heat releasing fin on the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient were analyzed with different Reynolds numbers. The Reynolds numbers were varied from 103 to 3x106, which was defined based on the hydraulic diameter of the heat absorbing cylinder. Analyses were performed to obtain the inner and outer flow and the temperature distributions in the heat absorbing cylinder and the rates of radiation heat transfer and convection heat transfer. As the Reynolds number increases, the convection heat transfer rate is increased while the radiation heat transfer rate is decreased. The average convection heat transfer rate follows a power rule of the Reynolds number. Addition of three-dimensional heat releasing fin to the outside of the heat absorbing cylinder enhances the convection heat transfer.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31172295,31272569)。
文摘Avian infectious bronchitis(IB)is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus(IBV).In the study,according to IBV gene sequences published in Gen Bank,specific primers were designed to clone N gene by RT-PCR,and this gene was inserted into p ET-30a(+)vector resulting in a prokaryotic expression plasma p ET-30a-N.The results of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein was expressed successfully and had good reactivity with IBV positive serum.Using purified recombinant N protein as a coating antigen,the indirect ELISA protocol was established and optimized,in which N protein was 2.5μg·m L^-1 of concentration,sample serum of 1:40 dilution.For clinical specimen,the IBV antibodies could be detected by this method efficiently and got nearly the same results as those of IBV-mediated ELISA.It would provide a good tool for rapid diagnosis and epidemiological study of avian infectious bronchitis.
基金Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of China （NCET-05-0607）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （60774010）, and Project for Fundamental Research of Natural Sciences in Universities of Jiangsu Province （07KJB510114）
文摘This experiment was conducted to diagnose Peste des Petits Ruminants based on the eukaryotically-expressed PPRV nucleoprotein through an indirect ELISA. The full-length PPRV nucleoprotein gene was obtained from viral genome RNA by RT-PCR. The amplified fragments were cloned into baculovirus donor vectors pFastHTA of the Bac-to-Bac system. These recombinant plasmids, pFastHTA-PPRV-N, were transformed into DH10Bac host bacteria to obtain recombinant shuttle plasmids, pBacmid-PPRV-N. Recombinant baculovirus, Bacmid-PPRV-N, was generated for expression of the PPRV nucleoprotein by transfecting recombinant pBacmid-PPRV-N with Lipofectamine 2000 into Sf21 insect cells. The efficient expression of PPRV Nucleoprotein by baculovirus in Sf21 cells was verified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. An indirect ELISA was developed using recombinant PPRV nucleoprotein as the coating antigen. 37 goat sera from an epidemic area in Tibet and 92 goat sera from a non-infected area in Qinghai Province were simultaneously detected by the indirect ELISA, developed here, and the international standard cELISA kit. The sensitivity and specificity of the indirect ELISA was 100% and 96.2% compared with the cELISA kit. The coincidence rate of the two methods was 96.9%. The results demonstrated that the indirect ELISA established in this study works well for diagnosis of PPR.
基金funded by 2015 Hefei Social Sciences Planning Project“English Translation Study of Hefei Public Logos for the Soft Environment Construction”by 2014 Planning Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Anhui Province(AHSKY2014D140)by Project No.(JS2015HGXJ0074)Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘The implied meaning/intention probably varies with the changing context.But the inference of Zen koans is quite different and difficult,because the context for a Zen koan is usually implicit,and more confusing is the irrelevant words the Zen Master used in it,which costs us more time and effort to infer.Usually,no logical meaning will be inferred from the seemingly irrational expressions,but we may find the intention behind these koans remains the same no matter how changing the contexts will be.Zen Masters created these koans rationally to break down the learners’rigid indulgence in rational thoughts and expressions,because language is just a tool for learners to see their own nature,get enlightened and attain Buddha-nature.So,Zen koans are still inferable—the rational intention is in the disguise of irrational words.The inference of Zen koans is of theoretical significance.
