Field trials with a set of 108 doubled haploid lines(DHs) derived from a cross between the Chinese winter wheat cvs.CA9613 and H1488 were run at Beijing(China).Phenotypic data were recorded for major agronomic yield t...Field trials with a set of 108 doubled haploid lines(DHs) derived from a cross between the Chinese winter wheat cvs.CA9613 and H1488 were run at Beijing(China).Phenotypic data were recorded for major agronomic yield traits,i.e.grain weight per ear,grain number per ear and thousand grain weight(Tgw) in two field trials at Beijing.Based on the phenotypic data and a genetic map comprising 168 SSR markers,an analysis of quantitative trait loci(QTL) was carried out for yield and yield parameters using the composite interval mapping(CIM) approach.A total of 14 QTL were detected for these traits across two environments.Four of these QTL located on chromosomes 1A and 2B,respectively,exhibited pleiotropic effects.Loci showing pleiotropic effects will be very useful for understanding the homeologous relationships of QTL and designing an appropriate marker-assisted selection programme by multi-trait selection in order to accumulate("pyramide") favorable alleles at different loci.展开更多
Although the agriculture in Heilongjiang Province has develope poor historical basis and differences between rural and urban institutional fa d ct effectively in recent years, due to issues such as ors, the backward o...Although the agriculture in Heilongjiang Province has develope poor historical basis and differences between rural and urban institutional fa d ct effectively in recent years, due to issues such as ors, the backward of the agricultural fundamental infrastructure is always the major obstacle in rural economic development of Heilongjiang Province, which prevents the advantage of agricultural production from being fully developed, leading to the increase rate of the grain yield to grow slowly. The backward reflects in the following aspects, the serious aging of water facilities, insufficient agricultural machinery and equipment, low leve of rural roads, lacking of research equipment, shortage of ecological protection facilities, and so on. Based on the latcr data of Heilongjiang Province, this paper analyzed the connection between agricultural fundamental infrastructure and grain yield by using the gray connected model, differentiated primary rural fundamental infrastructure from the secondary one, and provided some suggestions to develop rural areas展开更多
Increased plant density with low N rate was a recommended strategy to increase grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE);however,grain yield,NUE and the total N uptake(TNU)responses of hybrid rice to this strategy at diff...Increased plant density with low N rate was a recommended strategy to increase grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE);however,grain yield,NUE and the total N uptake(TNU)responses of hybrid rice to this strategy at different yield levels(medium yielding site(MYS)Luzhou City and high yielding site(HYS)Deyang City had not been described.Field experiments with hybrid rice Rongyou1015 were conducted to study the effects of two plant densities.High plant density(HD),low plant density(LD)and four N rates(without N,N_(0);a recommended N rate of 195 kg•hm^(-2),N_(CK);a 23%reduction in N rate,N_(-23%);a 46%reduction in N rate,N_(-46%)on yield attributes,grain yield,TNU and NUE of hybrid rice were studied under different yield levels in 2016-2017.The results showed that the grain yield and NUE of hybrid rice in response to plant density and N rate varied with yield levels.For MYS,reducing N rate by 46%result in significantly lower grain yield at LD treatment;whereas at HD treatment the grain yield of hybrid rice under N_(-46%) and N_(CK) were equal.For HYS,reducing N rate by 46% result in significantly lower grain yield regardless of low plant density and high plant density;however,a reduction in N rate by 23%increased grain yield,AE_(N) by 36%,PFP_(N) by 31% and RE_(N) by 11% over N_(CK) at HD treatment.Higher grain yield of hybrid rice under the combination of HD with low N rate was attributable to improvement in spikelets per panicle and harvest index.The results suggested that high plant density with low N rate might be an effective approach to improve grain yield and NUE in rice production,but reduction in N application rate was determined,according to yield levels.展开更多
有机肥部分替代化肥是一种实现化肥减量的可持续农业生产措施。本研究于2020和2021连续2年以“沁黄2号”为供试材料,设不施氮(CK)、常量化肥氮(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化肥氮(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化肥氮(75%M...有机肥部分替代化肥是一种实现化肥减量的可持续农业生产措施。本研究于2020和2021连续2年以“沁黄2号”为供试材料,设不施氮(CK)、常量化肥氮(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化肥氮(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化肥氮(75%M)和有机肥替代100%化肥氮(100%M) 6个处理,研究不同替代率对谷子产量构成和氮素吸收的影响,并分析氮素吸收调控小米米色、糊化特性和类胡萝卜素组分的效应,明确谷子生产中有机肥最佳替代率。结果表明,2年中较低的有机肥替代化肥氮率显著提高了谷子植株氮素累积,但随着替代率的持续增加,植株氮素累积量呈降低趋势,最终影响谷子产量和小米品质。2020年, 25%M处理显著提高了谷子地上部氮素累积量,较NPK处理提高9.6%;2021年,25%M处理谷子地上部氮素累积量、生物量、穗粒数和产量达到最高,较NPK处理分别提高6.1%、12.0%、15.4%和12.0%。50%M处理显著影响了小米的米色、糊化特征和类胡萝卜素含量,与NPK相比,小米籽粒红绿值、橘色值、支链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量、小米糊化最终黏度、叶黄素含量、玉米黄质含量和黄色素含量的增幅分别可达6.0%、6.0%、7.4%、4.3%、7.8%、20.7%、17.4%和2.8%。但有机肥完全替代化肥降低了谷子地上部氮素吸收、地上部生物量、穗粒数及谷子产量,也抑制了小米叶黄素和玉米黄质含量的提升。2年均表现出谷子地上部氮吸收量与小米单粒重、直链淀粉含量和小米糊化回升值呈显著的负相关。且2021年谷子地上部氮吸收量还与小米总淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、小米粉糊化峰值黏度和小米黄色素含量呈显著的负相关,与小米糊化峰谷黏度呈显著的正相关。综上,施氮总量120 kg hm^(–2)下,有机肥替代25%~50%化肥氮能通过促进植株氮素的吸收,实现产量、米色、蒸煮特性及类胡萝卜素的协同提升,为谷子化肥减量和提质增效生产提供技术支撑。展开更多
明确不同秸秆还田方式下氮肥对春玉米籽粒产量与品质的影响,分析玉米淀粉糊化特性与热特性,探究不同秸秆还田方式的玉米最佳施肥量,为完善玉米高品质的农田栽培措施提供科学依据。针对东北地区春玉米产量不稳、产质难以协同等问题,于201...明确不同秸秆还田方式下氮肥对春玉米籽粒产量与品质的影响,分析玉米淀粉糊化特性与热特性,探究不同秸秆还田方式的玉米最佳施肥量,为完善玉米高品质的农田栽培措施提供科学依据。针对东北地区春玉米产量不稳、产质难以协同等问题,于2015年在辽宁省铁岭县蔡牛镇沈阳农业大学试验基地建立长期定位试验,于2021—2022年研究了2种秸秆还田方式(旋耕秸秆还田,RTS;翻耕秸秆还田,PTS)和5个施氮水平(0、112、187、262和337 kg hm^(-2))下玉米籽粒产量和品质的变化规律。结果表明,与RTS处理相比,PTS处理籽粒产量提高6.09%,且增加籽粒总淀粉、直链淀粉含量和直链/支链淀粉,有效降低脂肪含量,促进玉米淀粉的糊化与回升。同时,PTS处理的糊化焓(?H)增加14.09%,有利于优化淀粉的相对结晶度和组织度。相比耕作方式,施氮对玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和糖含量的影响更为显著,262 kg hm^(-2)的施氮量使其达到最大值。与不施氮相比,氮肥处理下的玉米籽粒粗蛋白、粗脂肪、蔗糖、可溶性糖、直链淀粉的含量和直链/支链淀粉增幅分别为17.99%~31.20%、3.19%~14.91%、32.88%~45.41%、13.93%~23.73%、6.80%~21.02%和10.26%~33.77%。但过高施氮(337 kg hm^(-2))会削弱玉米淀粉和脂肪含量,降低总淀粉和支链淀粉含量,导致玉米淀粉峰值黏度、最终黏度和破损值下降,影响玉米淀粉加工过程中糊化。施氮使玉米淀粉峰值时间和糊化温度上升,分别升高1.42%和6.79%,有助于提高食品的黏稠性、口感和烹饪稳定性。相关性分析表明,玉米籽粒总淀粉含量与峰值、谷值及最终黏度之间存在显著的正相关关系,而蛋白质含量则与这些指标呈显著负相关。此外,不同耕作方式与氮肥施用量的交互作用对玉米产量、籽粒蔗糖含量、淀粉热焓特性及糊化特性均产生显著影响,进一步证明两者的协同作用能够有效提升玉米产量与品质。综上所述,翻耕秸秆还田(PTS)配施262 kg hm^(-2)氮肥,能有效提升玉米产量,促进玉米籽粒淀粉积累,改善热特性与糊化特性,从而实现春玉米品质的全面提升。展开更多
文摘Field trials with a set of 108 doubled haploid lines(DHs) derived from a cross between the Chinese winter wheat cvs.CA9613 and H1488 were run at Beijing(China).Phenotypic data were recorded for major agronomic yield traits,i.e.grain weight per ear,grain number per ear and thousand grain weight(Tgw) in two field trials at Beijing.Based on the phenotypic data and a genetic map comprising 168 SSR markers,an analysis of quantitative trait loci(QTL) was carried out for yield and yield parameters using the composite interval mapping(CIM) approach.A total of 14 QTL were detected for these traits across two environments.Four of these QTL located on chromosomes 1A and 2B,respectively,exhibited pleiotropic effects.Loci showing pleiotropic effects will be very useful for understanding the homeologous relationships of QTL and designing an appropriate marker-assisted selection programme by multi-trait selection in order to accumulate("pyramide") favorable alleles at different loci.
文摘Although the agriculture in Heilongjiang Province has develope poor historical basis and differences between rural and urban institutional fa d ct effectively in recent years, due to issues such as ors, the backward of the agricultural fundamental infrastructure is always the major obstacle in rural economic development of Heilongjiang Province, which prevents the advantage of agricultural production from being fully developed, leading to the increase rate of the grain yield to grow slowly. The backward reflects in the following aspects, the serious aging of water facilities, insufficient agricultural machinery and equipment, low leve of rural roads, lacking of research equipment, shortage of ecological protection facilities, and so on. Based on the latcr data of Heilongjiang Province, this paper analyzed the connection between agricultural fundamental infrastructure and grain yield by using the gray connected model, differentiated primary rural fundamental infrastructure from the secondary one, and provided some suggestions to develop rural areas
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology of China(CARS-01-25)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301705)Foundation of Youth Science Program of Sichuan Agricultural Sciences Academy(2019QNJJ-020)。
文摘Increased plant density with low N rate was a recommended strategy to increase grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE);however,grain yield,NUE and the total N uptake(TNU)responses of hybrid rice to this strategy at different yield levels(medium yielding site(MYS)Luzhou City and high yielding site(HYS)Deyang City had not been described.Field experiments with hybrid rice Rongyou1015 were conducted to study the effects of two plant densities.High plant density(HD),low plant density(LD)and four N rates(without N,N_(0);a recommended N rate of 195 kg•hm^(-2),N_(CK);a 23%reduction in N rate,N_(-23%);a 46%reduction in N rate,N_(-46%)on yield attributes,grain yield,TNU and NUE of hybrid rice were studied under different yield levels in 2016-2017.The results showed that the grain yield and NUE of hybrid rice in response to plant density and N rate varied with yield levels.For MYS,reducing N rate by 46%result in significantly lower grain yield at LD treatment;whereas at HD treatment the grain yield of hybrid rice under N_(-46%) and N_(CK) were equal.For HYS,reducing N rate by 46% result in significantly lower grain yield regardless of low plant density and high plant density;however,a reduction in N rate by 23%increased grain yield,AE_(N) by 36%,PFP_(N) by 31% and RE_(N) by 11% over N_(CK) at HD treatment.Higher grain yield of hybrid rice under the combination of HD with low N rate was attributable to improvement in spikelets per panicle and harvest index.The results suggested that high plant density with low N rate might be an effective approach to improve grain yield and NUE in rice production,but reduction in N application rate was determined,according to yield levels.
文摘有机肥部分替代化肥是一种实现化肥减量的可持续农业生产措施。本研究于2020和2021连续2年以“沁黄2号”为供试材料,设不施氮(CK)、常量化肥氮(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化肥氮(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化肥氮(75%M)和有机肥替代100%化肥氮(100%M) 6个处理,研究不同替代率对谷子产量构成和氮素吸收的影响,并分析氮素吸收调控小米米色、糊化特性和类胡萝卜素组分的效应,明确谷子生产中有机肥最佳替代率。结果表明,2年中较低的有机肥替代化肥氮率显著提高了谷子植株氮素累积,但随着替代率的持续增加,植株氮素累积量呈降低趋势,最终影响谷子产量和小米品质。2020年, 25%M处理显著提高了谷子地上部氮素累积量,较NPK处理提高9.6%;2021年,25%M处理谷子地上部氮素累积量、生物量、穗粒数和产量达到最高,较NPK处理分别提高6.1%、12.0%、15.4%和12.0%。50%M处理显著影响了小米的米色、糊化特征和类胡萝卜素含量,与NPK相比,小米籽粒红绿值、橘色值、支链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量、小米糊化最终黏度、叶黄素含量、玉米黄质含量和黄色素含量的增幅分别可达6.0%、6.0%、7.4%、4.3%、7.8%、20.7%、17.4%和2.8%。但有机肥完全替代化肥降低了谷子地上部氮素吸收、地上部生物量、穗粒数及谷子产量,也抑制了小米叶黄素和玉米黄质含量的提升。2年均表现出谷子地上部氮吸收量与小米单粒重、直链淀粉含量和小米糊化回升值呈显著的负相关。且2021年谷子地上部氮吸收量还与小米总淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、小米粉糊化峰值黏度和小米黄色素含量呈显著的负相关,与小米糊化峰谷黏度呈显著的正相关。综上,施氮总量120 kg hm^(–2)下,有机肥替代25%~50%化肥氮能通过促进植株氮素的吸收,实现产量、米色、蒸煮特性及类胡萝卜素的协同提升,为谷子化肥减量和提质增效生产提供技术支撑。
文摘明确不同秸秆还田方式下氮肥对春玉米籽粒产量与品质的影响,分析玉米淀粉糊化特性与热特性,探究不同秸秆还田方式的玉米最佳施肥量,为完善玉米高品质的农田栽培措施提供科学依据。针对东北地区春玉米产量不稳、产质难以协同等问题,于2015年在辽宁省铁岭县蔡牛镇沈阳农业大学试验基地建立长期定位试验,于2021—2022年研究了2种秸秆还田方式(旋耕秸秆还田,RTS;翻耕秸秆还田,PTS)和5个施氮水平(0、112、187、262和337 kg hm^(-2))下玉米籽粒产量和品质的变化规律。结果表明,与RTS处理相比,PTS处理籽粒产量提高6.09%,且增加籽粒总淀粉、直链淀粉含量和直链/支链淀粉,有效降低脂肪含量,促进玉米淀粉的糊化与回升。同时,PTS处理的糊化焓(?H)增加14.09%,有利于优化淀粉的相对结晶度和组织度。相比耕作方式,施氮对玉米籽粒蛋白质、脂肪和糖含量的影响更为显著,262 kg hm^(-2)的施氮量使其达到最大值。与不施氮相比,氮肥处理下的玉米籽粒粗蛋白、粗脂肪、蔗糖、可溶性糖、直链淀粉的含量和直链/支链淀粉增幅分别为17.99%~31.20%、3.19%~14.91%、32.88%~45.41%、13.93%~23.73%、6.80%~21.02%和10.26%~33.77%。但过高施氮(337 kg hm^(-2))会削弱玉米淀粉和脂肪含量,降低总淀粉和支链淀粉含量,导致玉米淀粉峰值黏度、最终黏度和破损值下降,影响玉米淀粉加工过程中糊化。施氮使玉米淀粉峰值时间和糊化温度上升,分别升高1.42%和6.79%,有助于提高食品的黏稠性、口感和烹饪稳定性。相关性分析表明,玉米籽粒总淀粉含量与峰值、谷值及最终黏度之间存在显著的正相关关系,而蛋白质含量则与这些指标呈显著负相关。此外,不同耕作方式与氮肥施用量的交互作用对玉米产量、籽粒蔗糖含量、淀粉热焓特性及糊化特性均产生显著影响,进一步证明两者的协同作用能够有效提升玉米产量与品质。综上所述,翻耕秸秆还田(PTS)配施262 kg hm^(-2)氮肥,能有效提升玉米产量,促进玉米籽粒淀粉积累,改善热特性与糊化特性,从而实现春玉米品质的全面提升。
