Germination,a powerful biofortification technique,holds immense potential in bolstering the micronutrient profile of essential staple grains,thereby paving the way for optimal nutritional enhancement.The primary goal ...Germination,a powerful biofortification technique,holds immense potential in bolstering the micronutrient profile of essential staple grains,thereby paving the way for optimal nutritional enhancement.The primary goal of this study was to improve the technological functionality of germinated wheat flour by incorporating pentosanase(Pn)and glucose oxidase(Gox)enzymes,with particular emphasis on the evolutionary changes in its components.The inclusion of Gox did not produce any substantial impact on the volumetric characteristics of the steamed bread.The incorporation of Pn and Gox has been seen to enhance the overall excellence of steamed bread by optimizing loaf volume and textural characteristics while also improving the thermal stability of the dough.The existence of two endothermic peaks could be attributed to bound water or alterations in the granules within the starch crystallization region.Adding Pn and Gox reduced and increased the formation and stability time of the dough,respectively.A certain ratio was employed to assess alternations in the crystallinity of starch granules over a limited range.After steaming,a significant decrease in IR1047/1022 was observed,indicating that the elevated temperature partially disrupted the internal starch crystal structure,leading to a gelatinization reaction with water.The ratio of tensile resistance(R)and elongation(E)of dough increased significantly compared to the control.The results obtained from this study indicate that the simultaneous inclusion of enzymes(Pn+Gox)holds significant promise for expanding the technological functionality of germinated wheat flour dough and improving the quality attributes of steamed bread.展开更多
Selenium is one of the essential trace elements in human body,however,due to the limitation of geographic factors,the intake of selenium is seriously insufficient in most regions.In this study,selenium-enriched peanut...Selenium is one of the essential trace elements in human body,however,due to the limitation of geographic factors,the intake of selenium is seriously insufficient in most regions.In this study,selenium-enriched peanut sprouts with high selenium content were prepared by soaking peanut seeds in sodium selenite.The content and distribution of selenium in germinated peanuts were investigated.The results showed that 200μmol/L sodium selenite and germination for 6 days resulted in the highest total selenium,organic selenium content,and organic selenium conversion in peanut sprouts.Selenium exists in peanut sprouts mainly in organic selenium form,of which selenoproteins are the most critical organic selenium carriers.ABTS free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power assays showed that alkali-soluble protein had the highest antioxidant activity among the four soluble proteins,attributed to its high selenium binding level.Radicle and cotyledons of peanut seedlings were significantly enriched with selenium compared to hypocotyl.Amino acid analysis and SDS-PAGE results showed that selenium increases significantly after peanut germination and selenium enrichment.This study provides a simple,environmentally friendly,and effective way of selenium enrichment and offers a theoretical basis for applying selenium-enriched foods in food and medicine.展开更多
A semi-greenhouse study was conducted to understand the effects of soil burial depth on seed germination and seedling development. The seeds of wild apricot （Prunus armeniaca） were buried at the soil depths of 0-cm,...A semi-greenhouse study was conducted to understand the effects of soil burial depth on seed germination and seedling development. The seeds of wild apricot （Prunus armeniaca） were buried at the soil depths of 0-cm, 4-cm, 8-cm, and 12-cm, respectively, to simulate the seed hoarding behavior of rodents in the field. The results revealed that the rates of seed germination and established seedlings from buried seeds were both the highest in 4-cm burial depth group, and then decreased with increasing soil depth. The number of rotten seeds increased in deeper burial depth. It is unfavourable for seed germination at 0-cm burial depth （i.e., seeds were laid on soil surface）. There was insignificant effect of burial depth on growth of established seedlings. The results from this study indicated that proper burial depth in soil would be helpful for the seed germination and seedling growth. The seedlings derived from buried seeds at shallower depth （4 cm） in this research have advantage in their early development.展开更多
A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being high...A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being highly desiccation-sensitive. The seed moisture content of fresh fruits was higher than 60%. When the seeds were naturally dried for 30 days, their moisture content declined to 30.2% and their viability was completely lost. The seed germination percentage had a small increase at the beginning of desiccation and then decreased rapidly. The relative electrical conductivity of the A. chinensis seeds increased along with a decrease in seed moisture content. However, there was an abnormal increase in relative electrical conductivity when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity decreased rapidly in the period of desiccation except for an abnormality when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased slowly at the early stage of desiccation and then rose rapidly after the moisture content was below 50.9%. The soluble sugar content in seeds slowly increased with the increasing period of desiccation. The seed germination percentage was at the high level when seed moisture content was in range of 47%- 60%, which suggests that this was the optimum moisture content for maintaining A. chinensis seed viability.展开更多
Peltophorum dubium seeds provided by Anhembi, SP were scarified in 98% H2SO4 for 15 min to overcome mechani-cal dormancy. Seeds were primed in solutions of 0.2% Captan at 10 C and 27C, PEG 6000 -1.0 MPa at 10C and 27...Peltophorum dubium seeds provided by Anhembi, SP were scarified in 98% H2SO4 for 15 min to overcome mechani-cal dormancy. Seeds were primed in solutions of 0.2% Captan at 10 C and 27C, PEG 6000 -1.0 MPa at 10C and 27C, 0.5 mol KNO3, 0.75 Mol KNO3, 1.0 Mol KNO3. Eight treatments including the primed seeds and nonprimed seeds, five replicates with 100 seeds for each treatment, were set to 15-cm-Petri dish with double filter paper moistened with testing solution PEG in refrigerator at 27C. For the experiments of all the groups, osmotic potential were 0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.0, -1.2, and -1.4 MPa. P. dubium seeds were also set to water stress experiment in rolled paper with PEG solutions from 0.0 to -1.0 M Pa. Germination percentage decreased with the increase of PEG concentration. Control group had a better germination percentage than other groups. Germination hardly occurred in PEG -1.4 MPa.展开更多
The stimulative effect of trace elements on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus tabulaeformis was tested. The experiments were carried out on seed soak and topdressing with different trace elements and varie...The stimulative effect of trace elements on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus tabulaeformis was tested. The experiments were carried out on seed soak and topdressing with different trace elements and varied concentrations at the nursery of Gardens Research Institute, Harbin, in 2000-2001. The experimental results showed that soaking seed with 1% and 0.2% concentrations of Mn element produced best result for seed germination, and the germination rate was increased by 9%~19% for the seeds treated with 1% concentration and 12%~14% for the seeds treated with 0.2% concentration compared with the control group. The seeds treated with boron element had lowest germination rate. For trace element topdressing, Mn and Mo elements presented good result for seedling growth and the treatment with low concentration was even better. The height or chlorophyll content of the seedlings with spray of low-concentration Mn and Mo element was much higher than that of untreated ones. In the contrast to the treating method of seed soak, topdressing (application of spraying on foliage) had evident effect on seedling growth.展开更多
Seed germination process has closely relation with material transformation and energy exchange within the seed. Study on its thermal effect is important for understanding the mechanism and the influencing factors of t...Seed germination process has closely relation with material transformation and energy exchange within the seed. Study on its thermal effect is important for understanding the mechanism and the influencing factors of the seed germination. The thermogenetic curves of seed germination ofRobinia pseudoacacia was measured by a new-type conductive microcalorimeter made in Wuhan University. The relationship was analyzed between the germination thermogenetic regulation and seed germination physiology. The thermogentic curves were further analyzed by thermokinetic theory to obtain the dynamic parameters and the thermokinetic model on seed germination ofRobinia pseudoacacia. The relationship of the thermogenetic power (μ w) and the germination time(h) of the germination process of 20 grainsRobinia pseudocacia seeds at 25°C wasP=208.77/[0.1937+0.8063exp(?0.06563t)]展开更多
Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology of supercritical CO2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyze allelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of s...Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology of supercritical CO2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyze allelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of seed germination. The results showed that as to the available rate of allelochemicals, the pressure and temperature of extraction were the most important factors. The allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by pure CO2 and ethanol mixed with CO2 have different allelopathic activities to seed germination, and the allelochemicals extracted by ethanol mixed with CO2 had stronger inhibitory effects on seed germination than that extracted by pure CO2.展开更多
We report the photoluminescence（PL） of Eu^3＋-doped glass with Bi^3＋as a sensitizer. The specific glass system with the strong enhancement of the red emission of Eu3＋is obtained by adding a small number of Bi3＋io...We report the photoluminescence（PL） of Eu^3＋-doped glass with Bi^3＋as a sensitizer. The specific glass system with the strong enhancement of the red emission of Eu3＋is obtained by adding a small number of Bi3＋ions instead of increasing the Eu^3＋ concentration. The emission band of Bi3＋overlaps with the excitation band of Eu^3＋ and the lifetime decay curves,resulting in a very efficient energy transfer from Bi^3＋ to Eu^3＋. The probability of energy transfer is strongly dependent on Bi^3＋ concentration. In addition, the intensity of 4f–4f transition is much stronger than that of a charge-transfer（CT） band in the excitation spectrum, which indicates that the Na2O–Ca O–Ge O2-Si O2 glass is a suitable red-emitting phosphor with high stability as a candidate for light-emitting diodes（LEDs）.展开更多
Tomato seeds （Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill. cv. zhongshu No. 6） were treated by magnetized plasma before being sown to investigate its effect on the growth and yield of tomatoes. Biochemical analysis showed that ...Tomato seeds （Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill. cv. zhongshu No. 6） were treated by magnetized plasma before being sown to investigate its effect on the growth and yield of tomatoes. Biochemical analysis showed that dehydrogenase activity increased with the increase of the current but decreased when the current was higher than 1.5 A. The activities of peroxidase （POD） isoenzyme changed in the same pattern. There was no difference in germination percentage between treatments and control, which were carried out in laboratory conditions. However, significant （c~ = 0.01） difference was observed in germination percentage in the pot experiment. In the pot experiment, the sprouting rate for the treatment with a 1.5 A current was 32.75%, whereas the untreated was only 4.75% on the eleventh day. Germination time is more than one day earlier than the control. The 1.5 A treatment increased the tomato yield by 20.7%.展开更多
This study investigated the effect of cold helium plasma treatment on seed germina- tion, growth and yield of wheat. The effects of different power of cold plasma on the germination of treated wheat seeds were studied...This study investigated the effect of cold helium plasma treatment on seed germina- tion, growth and yield of wheat. The effects of different power of cold plasma on the germination of treated wheat seeds were studied. We found that the treatment of 80 W could significantly improve seed germination potential （6.0%） and germination rate （6.7%） compared to the control group. Field experiments were carried out for wheat seeds treated with 80 W cold plasma. Com- pared with the control, plant height （20.3%）, root length （9.0%） and fresh weight （21.8%） were improved significantly at seedling stage. At booting stage, plant height, root length, fresh weight, stem diameter, leaf area and leaf thickness of the treated plant were respectively increased by 21.8%, 11.0%, 7.0%, 9.0%, 13.0% and 25.5%. At the same time, the chlorophyll content （9.8%）, nitrogen （10.0%） and moisture content （10.0%） were higher than those of the control, indicating that cold plasma treatment could promote the growth of wheat. The yield of treated wheat was 7.55 t-ha-1, 5.89% more than that of the control. Therefore, our results show that cold plasma has important application prospects for increasing wheat yield.展开更多
Effects of NaCI on seed germination, leaf gas exchange and seedling growth were investigated. The germination of P. tatarinowii seeds was delayed in the presence of NaCl, and was significantly inhibited when NaCl conc...Effects of NaCI on seed germination, leaf gas exchange and seedling growth were investigated. The germination of P. tatarinowii seeds was delayed in the presence of NaCl, and was significantly inhibited when NaCl concentration exceeded 17 mM （1.0 g·L^-1）. NaCl treatments induced reductions of transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate and their reductions were significant with the increasing of NaCl concentration. However, intercellular CO2 concentration in seedling leaves under salt stress was significantly higher than that of controls. There was a significant reduction in survival, basal diameter increment and height increment witl increasing NaCl concentration 50 days after NaCl treatment, and a significant reduction in the dry weight increment of roots, stems, and leaves was also observed in the NaCl treatments. The deleterious effect on the biomass increment was more evident in the case of stems and leaves. Results from this study suggest that P. tatarinowii is sensitive to salinity stress and the salinity threshold for seedling growth might be less 34 mM （2.0 g· L^-1）.展开更多
Seed morphology,germination and seedlings growth of Acacia auriculiformis were studied.The experiment was conducted in the nursery of Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline,Khulna University,Bangladesh.Matured seeds ...Seed morphology,germination and seedlings growth of Acacia auriculiformis were studied.The experiment was conducted in the nursery of Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline,Khulna University,Bangladesh.Matured seeds of the species were collected from healthy trees of road side plantation from different areas of Khulna District,Bangladesh and treated with five pre-sowing treatments（control,immersion in cold water,immersion in hot water,scarification with sand paper and immersion in concentrated H2SO4）.The average length,breadth and thickness were found to be（0.58±0.017） cm,（0.44±0.007） cm and（0.20±0.089） cm,respectively.Germination was conducted in polybags with a mixture of top soil,coconut husk,coarse sand,and fine sand in a ratio of 3：4：1：1.Results reveal that pre-sowing treatments influences the germination rates of seeds that significantly increase the percentage germination compared with those in control（43%） and cold water treatment（52%）.The highest germination success rate was found 83% in hot water treatment followed by 78% in scarification with sand paper,and 75% with immersion in H2SO4.Germination started from 7 to 12 days and completed between 28 and 35 days period in all treatments.ANOVA showed the significant difference（p0.05） among the treatments in seed germination,but no significant difference among treatment with regard to starting day,closing day and total germination period.In case of height and diameter growth,seedlings originated from the seeds with hot water treatment shows significantly higher in wet season（from May to July）.Hot water treatment can be recommended on seed germination of the species in rural Bangladesh.展开更多
A study was conducted to determine the effects of electrostatic field （ESF） treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of Sorbus pohuashanesis. The experiments were arranged by uniform design computed by the ...A study was conducted to determine the effects of electrostatic field （ESF） treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of Sorbus pohuashanesis. The experiments were arranged by uniform design computed by the Data Processing System （DPS）, including three levels of seeds soaking time, four levels of ESF intensity and four levels of ESF treatment time, with 12 treatments. Ten seeds were used in each treatment with three replicates. Seed vigor, seed germinating ability, emergence rate of seedling, survival rate of seedling, and seedling height and diameter, as well as the change in activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, soluble protein contents, total chlorophyll contents, soluble total sugar contents in leaves of S. pohuashanensis seedlings were measured after ESF treatments. The experiment results show that ESF treatment could improve the water absorption ability of dry seeds of S. pohuashanensis, resulting in fast germination at room temperature under light conditions. Combined treatment of ESF with cold stratification could increase seed germination percentage significantly （to 42.20%）, promote seedling height growth, affect leaf SOD activity, and could raise contents of total chlorophyll, soluble protein, and total soluble sugar in leaves. Seed soaking time had a significant effect on seed relative electroconductivity, seed germination under light, SOD activity, soluble protein content and total soluble sugar content of seedling leaves. ESF intensity exerted a moderate effect on these indexes. ESF treatment time only had significant effect on total chlorophyll contents, no evident effect on other indexes.展开更多
Abstract The effects of water potential, NaCl and Na2SO4 on germination and radicle growth of two riparian tree species, Populus euphratica Oliv. and P. pruinosa Schrenk （Salicaceae）, were tested. Growth chamber stu...Abstract The effects of water potential, NaCl and Na2SO4 on germination and radicle growth of two riparian tree species, Populus euphratica Oliv. and P. pruinosa Schrenk （Salicaceae）, were tested. Growth chamber studies revealed an optimum temperature range for seed germination of both species between 15-35℃. The final germination percentage of both species decreases with decreasing water potential in all types of solution applied in the experiments. P. pruinosa was less tolerant to low ψw stress than P. euphratica, especially in salt solutions. Germination percentages fell below 20% for P. pruinosa at -0.6 MPa （NaCl） or -0.4 MPa （Na2SO4） and for P. euphratica at -1.2 MPa （NaCl） or -0.6 MPa （Na2SO4）. Radicle growth of both species was inhibited by high concentrations of PEG1 NaCl and Na2SO4. However, growth was enhanced at -0.13 and -0.29 MPa in PEG or at -0.13 MPa in NaCl solutions compared to distilled water. Radicle growth of P. euphratica was higher than that of P pruinosa. Germination and radicle growth of both species exhibited ion toxicity. Na2SO4 was more toxic than iso-osmotic solutions of NaCl. Radicle growth proved to be more sensitive than seed germination. Thus, flooding does not only yield the necessary soil moisture for germination but also favors seedling establishment of both species through leaching of salts from the soil surface. The different sensitivity of the species during their early growth stages might, moreover, contribute to the observed differences in their distribution in the Talim Basin （northwest China）.展开更多
Emmenopterys henryi Oliv. (Rubiaceae) is an endangered tree species that is native to China. The wild populations of E. henryi have declined rapidly because of its poor natural regeneration, but the actual regeneratio...Emmenopterys henryi Oliv. (Rubiaceae) is an endangered tree species that is native to China. The wild populations of E. henryi have declined rapidly because of its poor natural regeneration, but the actual regeneration processes are not yet understood. In field tracking surveys and experiments in the Wuyishan Nature Reserve in Southeast China to determine the most important stage that affects the regeneration process, seed bank characteristics, seed germination, and seedling growth dynamics were studied in the typical habitats of E. henryi, Phyllostachys pubescens and broad-leaved forests. Results showed that in both P. pubescens and broad-leaved forests, more than 70% of the E. henryi seeds were distributed in moss and litter layers, and few were found in the soil beneath them. However, seed germination in the soil layer was significantly higher than in the moss and litter layers. Seed density, overall seed quality, and germination rate in the broad-leaved forest were significantly higher than in P. pubescens forest. Seed germination was highest in the microsites around the edge of the crown projection area of E. henryi mother trees. The order of survival rate of the seedlings on different ground surfaces was soil > moss > litter. In both habitats, the average seed density was 24.9 seeds m(-2), and the total germination rate was less than 3.5 parts per thousand. However, seedlings developed from only 1% of the germinated seeds, indicating that the seed germination is the most important stage in the natural regeneration of E. henryi.展开更多
We studied seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinus densata to explore the range of variability within the species and to inform afforestation practices. Phenotypes were evaluated at a forest tree nursery u...We studied seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinus densata to explore the range of variability within the species and to inform afforestation practices. Phenotypes were evaluated at a forest tree nursery under conditions that support Pinus yunnanensis, one of the presumed parental species of P. densata. Seeds were col- lected from 20 open-pollinated trees within each of eight autochthonous populations representing the natural distri- bution of P. densata in China to assess variation in ger- mination traits and early seedling growth, and to examine the relationships among these traits. Results showed that seeds from all populations germinated and seedlings established successfully. There were significant differences among populations in 13 of 14 traits evaluated. Seed germination and early seedling growth were strongly related to seed size and seed weight. Bigger seeds germi- nated earlier and faster than small seeds, and seedling size was positively correlated with seed size. Some germination traits were strongly and significantly correlated with cli- matic variables associated with the provenance of the studied populations. Based on these observations, we conclude there were large, significant, and biologically important differences among P. densata populations in seed germination and seedling growth traits. The observed variability probably reflects a high degree of adaptive dif- ferentiation among populations that is likely to be relevant for future afforestation.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate whether air plasma can change the seed germination characteristics, seedling emergence, as well as biochemical reactivity, in Andrographis paniculata （A. paniculata） see...The objective of this paper is to demonstrate whether air plasma can change the seed germination characteristics, seedling emergence, as well as biochemical reactivity, in Andrographis paniculata （A. paniculata） seedlings by modifying the seed coat and finding a beneficial treatment dose. Eight treatment doses and one control were used to conduct electrical conductivity determination, a germination test, a seedling emergence test and a biochemical assay. The results showed that after being treated with air plasma excited at 5950 V for 10 s, the perme- ability of the seeds was improved significantly, resulting in the acceleration of seed germination and seedling emergence. In the meantime, the catalase activity and catalase isoenzyme expression were also improved, while the malondialdehyde content in the seedlings was decreased （which means greater counteraction with environmental stress）. After being treated with 4250 V for 10 s and 5950 V for 20 s, the seed germination was enhanced, but without an obvious change in seedUng emergence. However, after treatment with 3400 V for 20 s and 5100 V for 10 s, the permeability of the seeds was decreased, resulting in a delay in seedling emergence. These results indicate that air plasma can change the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Andrographis paniculata seeds by modifying the seed coat, combined with the effects of the active plasma species, and that different treating doses have different effects.展开更多
Seeds of many woody plant species have one of several types of dormancy. They do not germinate unless ,specific environmental signals are in place or events occur. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of s...Seeds of many woody plant species have one of several types of dormancy. They do not germinate unless ,specific environmental signals are in place or events occur. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of scarification treatments on seed dormancy and germination of Acacia nilotica （L.） Willd. ex Del., Prosopis juliflora （Sw.） DC. ：and Dodonaea viscosa （L.） Jacq. The following treatments were applied： T1, untreated seed （control）; T2, sulphuric acid （97%） for 45 min; T3, boiling water for 5 min. The seeds were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium after sterilization. The responses of seeds to treatments were compared with each other and with the control treatment. Germination was observed daily for a 30-day period. Results indicated positive responses to treatments, while impermeable Seed coats may be responsible for low germination rates in intact seeds as seen experimentally in the untreated control. The highest germination was obtained for P. juliflora and D. viscosa acid-scarified seeds （80.8%-90.8%） and for scarified seeds of A. nilotica （50.2%） boiled in water. The germination indices, i.e., final germination percentage （FG）, mean daily germination （MDG） and germination rate （GR）, were significantly affected by treatments and species （p 〈 0.01）.展开更多
基金supported by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)National Key Research and Development Plan Project(2022YFD2301401)+4 种基金Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211576)the Central Government Guides Local Funds(ZYYD2023A13)Key Technology Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(ZDYF2022XDNY233)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018 M630564)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Germination,a powerful biofortification technique,holds immense potential in bolstering the micronutrient profile of essential staple grains,thereby paving the way for optimal nutritional enhancement.The primary goal of this study was to improve the technological functionality of germinated wheat flour by incorporating pentosanase(Pn)and glucose oxidase(Gox)enzymes,with particular emphasis on the evolutionary changes in its components.The inclusion of Gox did not produce any substantial impact on the volumetric characteristics of the steamed bread.The incorporation of Pn and Gox has been seen to enhance the overall excellence of steamed bread by optimizing loaf volume and textural characteristics while also improving the thermal stability of the dough.The existence of two endothermic peaks could be attributed to bound water or alterations in the granules within the starch crystallization region.Adding Pn and Gox reduced and increased the formation and stability time of the dough,respectively.A certain ratio was employed to assess alternations in the crystallinity of starch granules over a limited range.After steaming,a significant decrease in IR1047/1022 was observed,indicating that the elevated temperature partially disrupted the internal starch crystal structure,leading to a gelatinization reaction with water.The ratio of tensile resistance(R)and elongation(E)of dough increased significantly compared to the control.The results obtained from this study indicate that the simultaneous inclusion of enzymes(Pn+Gox)holds significant promise for expanding the technological functionality of germinated wheat flour dough and improving the quality attributes of steamed bread.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[32172259]Key Research and Development Project of Henan Province[231111111800]+1 种基金Innovative Funds Plan of Henan University of Technology [2021ZKCJ03]The Program for the Top Young Talents of Henan Associate for Science and Technology.
文摘Selenium is one of the essential trace elements in human body,however,due to the limitation of geographic factors,the intake of selenium is seriously insufficient in most regions.In this study,selenium-enriched peanut sprouts with high selenium content were prepared by soaking peanut seeds in sodium selenite.The content and distribution of selenium in germinated peanuts were investigated.The results showed that 200μmol/L sodium selenite and germination for 6 days resulted in the highest total selenium,organic selenium content,and organic selenium conversion in peanut sprouts.Selenium exists in peanut sprouts mainly in organic selenium form,of which selenoproteins are the most critical organic selenium carriers.ABTS free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power assays showed that alkali-soluble protein had the highest antioxidant activity among the four soluble proteins,attributed to its high selenium binding level.Radicle and cotyledons of peanut seedlings were significantly enriched with selenium compared to hypocotyl.Amino acid analysis and SDS-PAGE results showed that selenium increases significantly after peanut germination and selenium enrichment.This study provides a simple,environmentally friendly,and effective way of selenium enrichment and offers a theoretical basis for applying selenium-enriched foods in food and medicine.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2007CB109106)by the Zoology Key Subject Fund of Henan Province
文摘A semi-greenhouse study was conducted to understand the effects of soil burial depth on seed germination and seedling development. The seeds of wild apricot （Prunus armeniaca） were buried at the soil depths of 0-cm, 4-cm, 8-cm, and 12-cm, respectively, to simulate the seed hoarding behavior of rodents in the field. The results revealed that the rates of seed germination and established seedlings from buried seeds were both the highest in 4-cm burial depth group, and then decreased with increasing soil depth. The number of rotten seeds increased in deeper burial depth. It is unfavourable for seed germination at 0-cm burial depth （i.e., seeds were laid on soil surface）. There was insignificant effect of burial depth on growth of established seedlings. The results from this study indicated that proper burial depth in soil would be helpful for the seed germination and seedling growth. The seedlings derived from buried seeds at shallower depth （4 cm） in this research have advantage in their early development.
文摘A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being highly desiccation-sensitive. The seed moisture content of fresh fruits was higher than 60%. When the seeds were naturally dried for 30 days, their moisture content declined to 30.2% and their viability was completely lost. The seed germination percentage had a small increase at the beginning of desiccation and then decreased rapidly. The relative electrical conductivity of the A. chinensis seeds increased along with a decrease in seed moisture content. However, there was an abnormal increase in relative electrical conductivity when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity decreased rapidly in the period of desiccation except for an abnormality when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased slowly at the early stage of desiccation and then rose rapidly after the moisture content was below 50.9%. The soluble sugar content in seeds slowly increased with the increasing period of desiccation. The seed germination percentage was at the high level when seed moisture content was in range of 47%- 60%, which suggests that this was the optimum moisture content for maintaining A. chinensis seed viability.
基金This work is Supported by CAPES Brazil. Open research laboratory of forest plant ecology NEFU. The State's tenth five-year "211 Project"-supported key academic discipline program of ECNU。
文摘Peltophorum dubium seeds provided by Anhembi, SP were scarified in 98% H2SO4 for 15 min to overcome mechani-cal dormancy. Seeds were primed in solutions of 0.2% Captan at 10 C and 27C, PEG 6000 -1.0 MPa at 10C and 27C, 0.5 mol KNO3, 0.75 Mol KNO3, 1.0 Mol KNO3. Eight treatments including the primed seeds and nonprimed seeds, five replicates with 100 seeds for each treatment, were set to 15-cm-Petri dish with double filter paper moistened with testing solution PEG in refrigerator at 27C. For the experiments of all the groups, osmotic potential were 0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.0, -1.2, and -1.4 MPa. P. dubium seeds were also set to water stress experiment in rolled paper with PEG solutions from 0.0 to -1.0 M Pa. Germination percentage decreased with the increase of PEG concentration. Control group had a better germination percentage than other groups. Germination hardly occurred in PEG -1.4 MPa.
文摘The stimulative effect of trace elements on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus tabulaeformis was tested. The experiments were carried out on seed soak and topdressing with different trace elements and varied concentrations at the nursery of Gardens Research Institute, Harbin, in 2000-2001. The experimental results showed that soaking seed with 1% and 0.2% concentrations of Mn element produced best result for seed germination, and the germination rate was increased by 9%~19% for the seeds treated with 1% concentration and 12%~14% for the seeds treated with 0.2% concentration compared with the control group. The seeds treated with boron element had lowest germination rate. For trace element topdressing, Mn and Mo elements presented good result for seedling growth and the treatment with low concentration was even better. The height or chlorophyll content of the seedlings with spray of low-concentration Mn and Mo element was much higher than that of untreated ones. In the contrast to the treating method of seed soak, topdressing (application of spraying on foliage) had evident effect on seedling growth.
文摘Seed germination process has closely relation with material transformation and energy exchange within the seed. Study on its thermal effect is important for understanding the mechanism and the influencing factors of the seed germination. The thermogenetic curves of seed germination ofRobinia pseudoacacia was measured by a new-type conductive microcalorimeter made in Wuhan University. The relationship was analyzed between the germination thermogenetic regulation and seed germination physiology. The thermogentic curves were further analyzed by thermokinetic theory to obtain the dynamic parameters and the thermokinetic model on seed germination ofRobinia pseudoacacia. The relationship of the thermogenetic power (μ w) and the germination time(h) of the germination process of 20 grainsRobinia pseudocacia seeds at 25°C wasP=208.77/[0.1937+0.8063exp(?0.06563t)]
基金This paper was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (B0010020)
文摘Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology of supercritical CO2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyze allelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of seed germination. The results showed that as to the available rate of allelochemicals, the pressure and temperature of extraction were the most important factors. The allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by pure CO2 and ethanol mixed with CO2 have different allelopathic activities to seed germination, and the allelochemicals extracted by ethanol mixed with CO2 had stronger inhibitory effects on seed germination than that extracted by pure CO2.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11204113 and 61308091)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20115314120001)
文摘We report the photoluminescence（PL） of Eu^3＋-doped glass with Bi^3＋as a sensitizer. The specific glass system with the strong enhancement of the red emission of Eu3＋is obtained by adding a small number of Bi3＋ions instead of increasing the Eu^3＋ concentration. The emission band of Bi3＋overlaps with the excitation band of Eu^3＋ and the lifetime decay curves,resulting in a very efficient energy transfer from Bi^3＋ to Eu^3＋. The probability of energy transfer is strongly dependent on Bi^3＋ concentration. In addition, the intensity of 4f–4f transition is much stronger than that of a charge-transfer（CT） band in the excitation spectrum, which indicates that the Na2O–Ca O–Ge O2-Si O2 glass is a suitable red-emitting phosphor with high stability as a candidate for light-emitting diodes（LEDs）.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 5017700) and the Natural Science Foundation ofShanxi Province (No. 20051078)
文摘Tomato seeds （Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill. cv. zhongshu No. 6） were treated by magnetized plasma before being sown to investigate its effect on the growth and yield of tomatoes. Biochemical analysis showed that dehydrogenase activity increased with the increase of the current but decreased when the current was higher than 1.5 A. The activities of peroxidase （POD） isoenzyme changed in the same pattern. There was no difference in germination percentage between treatments and control, which were carried out in laboratory conditions. However, significant （c~ = 0.01） difference was observed in germination percentage in the pot experiment. In the pot experiment, the sprouting rate for the treatment with a 1.5 A current was 32.75%, whereas the untreated was only 4.75% on the eleventh day. Germination time is more than one day earlier than the control. The 1.5 A treatment increased the tomato yield by 20.7%.
基金supported by Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program of China(No.BE2013452)Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX-EW-B-6)
文摘This study investigated the effect of cold helium plasma treatment on seed germina- tion, growth and yield of wheat. The effects of different power of cold plasma on the germination of treated wheat seeds were studied. We found that the treatment of 80 W could significantly improve seed germination potential （6.0%） and germination rate （6.7%） compared to the control group. Field experiments were carried out for wheat seeds treated with 80 W cold plasma. Com- pared with the control, plant height （20.3%）, root length （9.0%） and fresh weight （21.8%） were improved significantly at seedling stage. At booting stage, plant height, root length, fresh weight, stem diameter, leaf area and leaf thickness of the treated plant were respectively increased by 21.8%, 11.0%, 7.0%, 9.0%, 13.0% and 25.5%. At the same time, the chlorophyll content （9.8%）, nitrogen （10.0%） and moisture content （10.0%） were higher than those of the control, indicating that cold plasma treatment could promote the growth of wheat. The yield of treated wheat was 7.55 t-ha-1, 5.89% more than that of the control. Therefore, our results show that cold plasma has important application prospects for increasing wheat yield.
基金Foundation project： This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （the grant number No.39970608）.
文摘Effects of NaCI on seed germination, leaf gas exchange and seedling growth were investigated. The germination of P. tatarinowii seeds was delayed in the presence of NaCl, and was significantly inhibited when NaCl concentration exceeded 17 mM （1.0 g·L^-1）. NaCl treatments induced reductions of transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate and their reductions were significant with the increasing of NaCl concentration. However, intercellular CO2 concentration in seedling leaves under salt stress was significantly higher than that of controls. There was a significant reduction in survival, basal diameter increment and height increment witl increasing NaCl concentration 50 days after NaCl treatment, and a significant reduction in the dry weight increment of roots, stems, and leaves was also observed in the NaCl treatments. The deleterious effect on the biomass increment was more evident in the case of stems and leaves. Results from this study suggest that P. tatarinowii is sensitive to salinity stress and the salinity threshold for seedling growth might be less 34 mM （2.0 g· L^-1）.
文摘Seed morphology,germination and seedlings growth of Acacia auriculiformis were studied.The experiment was conducted in the nursery of Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline,Khulna University,Bangladesh.Matured seeds of the species were collected from healthy trees of road side plantation from different areas of Khulna District,Bangladesh and treated with five pre-sowing treatments（control,immersion in cold water,immersion in hot water,scarification with sand paper and immersion in concentrated H2SO4）.The average length,breadth and thickness were found to be（0.58±0.017） cm,（0.44±0.007） cm and（0.20±0.089） cm,respectively.Germination was conducted in polybags with a mixture of top soil,coconut husk,coarse sand,and fine sand in a ratio of 3：4：1：1.Results reveal that pre-sowing treatments influences the germination rates of seeds that significantly increase the percentage germination compared with those in control（43%） and cold water treatment（52%）.The highest germination success rate was found 83% in hot water treatment followed by 78% in scarification with sand paper,and 75% with immersion in H2SO4.Germination started from 7 to 12 days and completed between 28 and 35 days period in all treatments.ANOVA showed the significant difference（p0.05） among the treatments in seed germination,but no significant difference among treatment with regard to starting day,closing day and total germination period.In case of height and diameter growth,seedlings originated from the seeds with hot water treatment shows significantly higher in wet season（from May to July）.Hot water treatment can be recommended on seed germination of the species in rural Bangladesh.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during 2006–2010 (2006BAD03A04)
文摘A study was conducted to determine the effects of electrostatic field （ESF） treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of Sorbus pohuashanesis. The experiments were arranged by uniform design computed by the Data Processing System （DPS）, including three levels of seeds soaking time, four levels of ESF intensity and four levels of ESF treatment time, with 12 treatments. Ten seeds were used in each treatment with three replicates. Seed vigor, seed germinating ability, emergence rate of seedling, survival rate of seedling, and seedling height and diameter, as well as the change in activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, soluble protein contents, total chlorophyll contents, soluble total sugar contents in leaves of S. pohuashanensis seedlings were measured after ESF treatments. The experiment results show that ESF treatment could improve the water absorption ability of dry seeds of S. pohuashanensis, resulting in fast germination at room temperature under light conditions. Combined treatment of ESF with cold stratification could increase seed germination percentage significantly （to 42.20%）, promote seedling height growth, affect leaf SOD activity, and could raise contents of total chlorophyll, soluble protein, and total soluble sugar in leaves. Seed soaking time had a significant effect on seed relative electroconductivity, seed germination under light, SOD activity, soluble protein content and total soluble sugar content of seedling leaves. ESF intensity exerted a moderate effect on these indexes. ESF treatment time only had significant effect on total chlorophyll contents, no evident effect on other indexes.
文摘Abstract The effects of water potential, NaCl and Na2SO4 on germination and radicle growth of two riparian tree species, Populus euphratica Oliv. and P. pruinosa Schrenk （Salicaceae）, were tested. Growth chamber studies revealed an optimum temperature range for seed germination of both species between 15-35℃. The final germination percentage of both species decreases with decreasing water potential in all types of solution applied in the experiments. P. pruinosa was less tolerant to low ψw stress than P. euphratica, especially in salt solutions. Germination percentages fell below 20% for P. pruinosa at -0.6 MPa （NaCl） or -0.4 MPa （Na2SO4） and for P. euphratica at -1.2 MPa （NaCl） or -0.6 MPa （Na2SO4）. Radicle growth of both species was inhibited by high concentrations of PEG1 NaCl and Na2SO4. However, growth was enhanced at -0.13 and -0.29 MPa in PEG or at -0.13 MPa in NaCl solutions compared to distilled water. Radicle growth of P. euphratica was higher than that of P pruinosa. Germination and radicle growth of both species exhibited ion toxicity. Na2SO4 was more toxic than iso-osmotic solutions of NaCl. Radicle growth proved to be more sensitive than seed germination. Thus, flooding does not only yield the necessary soil moisture for germination but also favors seedling establishment of both species through leaching of salts from the soil surface. The different sensitivity of the species during their early growth stages might, moreover, contribute to the observed differences in their distribution in the Talim Basin （northwest China）.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) through Grant(Number31360145)
文摘Emmenopterys henryi Oliv. (Rubiaceae) is an endangered tree species that is native to China. The wild populations of E. henryi have declined rapidly because of its poor natural regeneration, but the actual regeneration processes are not yet understood. In field tracking surveys and experiments in the Wuyishan Nature Reserve in Southeast China to determine the most important stage that affects the regeneration process, seed bank characteristics, seed germination, and seedling growth dynamics were studied in the typical habitats of E. henryi, Phyllostachys pubescens and broad-leaved forests. Results showed that in both P. pubescens and broad-leaved forests, more than 70% of the E. henryi seeds were distributed in moss and litter layers, and few were found in the soil beneath them. However, seed germination in the soil layer was significantly higher than in the moss and litter layers. Seed density, overall seed quality, and germination rate in the broad-leaved forest were significantly higher than in P. pubescens forest. Seed germination was highest in the microsites around the edge of the crown projection area of E. henryi mother trees. The order of survival rate of the seedlings on different ground surfaces was soil > moss > litter. In both habitats, the average seed density was 24.9 seeds m(-2), and the total germination rate was less than 3.5 parts per thousand. However, seedlings developed from only 1% of the germinated seeds, indicating that the seed germination is the most important stage in the natural regeneration of E. henryi.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31070591)
文摘We studied seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinus densata to explore the range of variability within the species and to inform afforestation practices. Phenotypes were evaluated at a forest tree nursery under conditions that support Pinus yunnanensis, one of the presumed parental species of P. densata. Seeds were col- lected from 20 open-pollinated trees within each of eight autochthonous populations representing the natural distri- bution of P. densata in China to assess variation in ger- mination traits and early seedling growth, and to examine the relationships among these traits. Results showed that seeds from all populations germinated and seedlings established successfully. There were significant differences among populations in 13 of 14 traits evaluated. Seed germination and early seedling growth were strongly related to seed size and seed weight. Bigger seeds germi- nated earlier and faster than small seeds, and seedling size was positively correlated with seed size. Some germination traits were strongly and significantly correlated with cli- matic variables associated with the provenance of the studied populations. Based on these observations, we conclude there were large, significant, and biologically important differences among P. densata populations in seed germination and seedling growth traits. The observed variability probably reflects a high degree of adaptive dif- ferentiation among populations that is likely to be relevant for future afforestation.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Beijing,China(Z090605006009022)
文摘The objective of this paper is to demonstrate whether air plasma can change the seed germination characteristics, seedling emergence, as well as biochemical reactivity, in Andrographis paniculata （A. paniculata） seedlings by modifying the seed coat and finding a beneficial treatment dose. Eight treatment doses and one control were used to conduct electrical conductivity determination, a germination test, a seedling emergence test and a biochemical assay. The results showed that after being treated with air plasma excited at 5950 V for 10 s, the perme- ability of the seeds was improved significantly, resulting in the acceleration of seed germination and seedling emergence. In the meantime, the catalase activity and catalase isoenzyme expression were also improved, while the malondialdehyde content in the seedlings was decreased （which means greater counteraction with environmental stress）. After being treated with 4250 V for 10 s and 5950 V for 20 s, the seed germination was enhanced, but without an obvious change in seedUng emergence. However, after treatment with 3400 V for 20 s and 5100 V for 10 s, the permeability of the seeds was decreased, resulting in a delay in seedling emergence. These results indicate that air plasma can change the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Andrographis paniculata seeds by modifying the seed coat, combined with the effects of the active plasma species, and that different treating doses have different effects.
文摘Seeds of many woody plant species have one of several types of dormancy. They do not germinate unless ,specific environmental signals are in place or events occur. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of scarification treatments on seed dormancy and germination of Acacia nilotica （L.） Willd. ex Del., Prosopis juliflora （Sw.） DC. ：and Dodonaea viscosa （L.） Jacq. The following treatments were applied： T1, untreated seed （control）; T2, sulphuric acid （97%） for 45 min; T3, boiling water for 5 min. The seeds were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium after sterilization. The responses of seeds to treatments were compared with each other and with the control treatment. Germination was observed daily for a 30-day period. Results indicated positive responses to treatments, while impermeable Seed coats may be responsible for low germination rates in intact seeds as seen experimentally in the untreated control. The highest germination was obtained for P. juliflora and D. viscosa acid-scarified seeds （80.8%-90.8%） and for scarified seeds of A. nilotica （50.2%） boiled in water. The germination indices, i.e., final germination percentage （FG）, mean daily germination （MDG） and germination rate （GR）, were significantly affected by treatments and species （p 〈 0.01）.
