This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor desig...This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor design was adopted,and four treatments were administered with five replicates to 240 one-day-old AA broilers.The control group(group A)received a basal diet,while the experimental groups received a basal diet plus 33%(group B),67%(group C)and 100%(group D)FPFM,respectively.Compared with group A,(1)the average daily gain(ADG)in group C decreased(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)in group D increased(P<0.05);(2)the level of serum urea nitrogen in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,cholesterol,and glucose contents in group D increased(P<0.05)at day 21;(3)the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group B and the immunoglobulin A in group C increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group D decreased(P<0.05)at day 42;(4)the share force of breast muscle and thigh muscle in group D increased(P<0.05);(5)the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of group B increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the villus height in group C and D increased(P<0.05)at day 42;(6)the proteobacteria counts in the cecum digesta in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05)at day 21.The basal diet supplemented with 33%FPFM promoted protein metabolism,enhanced immunity and improved meat quality,promoted the digestion and absorption of nutrients,increased intestinal microbial diversity,and improved the content of beneficial bacteria without affecting the growth performance,it was possible to be used as a good substitute for fish meal.展开更多
The function of Gastrointestinal tract including intestine is to a large degree mechanical.The mechanical properties of the intestinal wall,and the tonic (sustained) and/or phasic(short-
目的研究尘螨肠道微生物蛋白Hypothetical protein CE2118的表达和纯化,为研究其在尘螨疫苗免疫治疗中的作用奠定基础。方法采用生物信息学方法,根据GenBank中Hypothetical protein CE2118蛋白的基因序列,将其中稀有密码子改造为大肠杆...目的研究尘螨肠道微生物蛋白Hypothetical protein CE2118的表达和纯化,为研究其在尘螨疫苗免疫治疗中的作用奠定基础。方法采用生物信息学方法,根据GenBank中Hypothetical protein CE2118蛋白的基因序列,将其中稀有密码子改造为大肠杆菌常用密码子并进行二级结构优化,合成Hypothetical protein CE2118基因,构建原核表达载体pGEX6P-1-hypothetical protein CE2118并经酶切鉴定,在大肠埃希菌Rosetta(DE3)中用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达,重组产物采用GST亲和层析纯化柱纯化。结果经密码子改造和二级结构优化后Hypothetical protein CE2118基因长度为588bp,其编码蛋白理论分子量为21kDa。重组表达载体经酶切鉴定与理论推测结果相符,该基因经IPTG诱导在大肠埃希菌Rosetta(DE3)中得到高效的可溶性表达,纯化后的重组蛋白分子量约为21kDa,其单一蛋白纯度达95%以上。结论本研究成功构建了Hypothetical protein CE2118基因的pGEX6P-1原核重组质粒,获得的可溶性重组蛋白为进一步研究肠道微生物蛋白Hypothetical protein CE2118在尘螨疫苗免疫治中的作用机理奠定基础。展开更多
OBJECTIVE To identify the valid targets and new drugs of ulcerative colitis(UC),a recurrent and intractable inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS and RESULTS In an in vivo mouse model of DSS-induced colitis,HLJ2 decrease...OBJECTIVE To identify the valid targets and new drugs of ulcerative colitis(UC),a recurrent and intractable inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS and RESULTS In an in vivo mouse model of DSS-induced colitis,HLJ2 decreased weight loss,colon contracture,disease activity index(DAI),colon mucosa damage index(CMDI)and histopathological index(HI).HLJ2 also decreased myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity and reduced production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL^(-1)β,and IL-6.HLJ2 improved intestinal mucosa damage induced by dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)and increased the expression of ZO-1 and claudin-1.Fecal 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing demonstrated a significant improvement in UC intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice treated with HLJ2,including increased abundance of probiotics such as Lachnospiraceae,Prevotellaceae,and Lactobacillaceae.At the same time there was a reduction in the abundance of pathogenic or conditional pathogenic microorganisms such as Bacteroidaceae,Porphyromonadaceae,Deferribacteraceae,and Pseudomonadaceae in HLJ2-treated mice compared with untreated mice.CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the XBP1 agonist HLJ2 inhibits inflammation,regulates the intestinal flora,and protects the intestinal mucosa.It is thus a potential therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Metrnl is a novel secreted protein with limited researches.In this study,we investigated metrnl tissue expression pattern in humans,and exploredthe possible role of its highest expression using animal models...OBJECTIVE Metrnl is a novel secreted protein with limited researches.In this study,we investigated metrnl tissue expression pattern in humans,and exploredthe possible role of its highest expression using animal models.METHODS We examined metrnl tissue expression pattern in a human tissue microarray containing 19types of tissues from 69 donors,and verified the highest expression in fresh human and mouse tissues.We then created an animal model of cell-specific knockout mice to study the role of metrnl.RESULTS Metrnl was the highest expressed in human gastrointestinal tract,and specifical y expressed in the intestinal epithelium.Consistently,Metrnl expression was also the highest expressed in mouse gastrointestinal tract among the detected tissues of 14 types.We developed intestinal epithelial cellspecific metrnl knockout mice with Vil in-Cre.In this animal model,metrnl levels displayed a statistically significant reduction in gut fluid,but not in blood serum.This cell specific deletion of metrnl did not affect body weight,food intake,blood glucose,colon length and histology,intestinal permeability,mucus production and mucin 2 expression under physiological conditions,but markedly reduced the expression of antimicrobial peptides,such as regenerating islet-derived 3 gamma and lactotransferrin.CONCLUSION Metrnl is rich in intestinal epithelial cells of humans and mice,mainly contributing to local gut metrnl level,and less affecting systemic circulating metrnl level.Metrnl plays a role in maintaining gut antimicrobial peptides.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Cerebral ischemia or ischemic stroke is due to insufficient blood supply to the brain,which causes hypoxia or ischemia in some areas.This work aimed to quantify the minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhen...OBJECTIVE Cerebral ischemia or ischemic stroke is due to insufficient blood supply to the brain,which causes hypoxia or ischemia in some areas.This work aimed to quantify the minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vivo and in vitro,analyze its effect on the types and abundance of intestinal flora,and study its mechanism on inflammation and apoptosis pathways as a treatment for cerebral ischemia.METHODS Microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)were used to determine the minerals and heavy metals in 10 batches of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vitro.With the use of the middle cerebral artery obstruction(MCAO)model,ICP-MS was applied to determine the content of minerals and heavy metals in hepatic portal vein blood,abdominal aortic blood,brain,liver,kidney,hair,urine and feces at different time periods.On this model,the ileum,cecum,and colon tissues were tested for intestinal pathology,and 16S rRNA was used for sequencing.Species taxonomy,αdiversity,and species microbial composition and structure analysis were also performed.Polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were employed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of p38 MAPK,caspase-3,IL^(-1)βand TNF-αin the ischemic brain tissues of rats.RESULTS The average content of heavy metals in the 10 batches of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill samples is in the descending order Hg>Cu>Pb.Significant differences in the metal elements are found among Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill from different manufacturers but not among the different batches of the same manufacturer.An extremely low content of heavy metals are absorbed into the blood or accumulated in the brain,liver,kidney,and other tissues.Stool is the main excretion route of minerals and heavy metals from Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill.This medicine helps repair the intestinal mucosa in MCAO rats.At the phylum level,it can regulate the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the intestinal flora of rats with cerebral ischemia.At the genus level,it can adjust the abundance of Escherichia Shigella.At the species level,it can adjust the abundance of Lactobacillus yoelii and Lactobacillus reuteri.Cluster classification results show that Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill can improve the intestinal flora of rats with cerebral ischemia,reduce the mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3 and IL^(-1)βin rat brain tissues,and have a tendency to decrease the mRNA expression of p38 MAPK and TNF-α.CONCLUSION Quantifying the minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vivo and in vitro will help improve their quality standards.Minerals and heavy metals are mainly excreted in feces,accumulate in extremely low levels in various tissues,and do not damage the intestinal mucosa.The effective material basis of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in treating cerebral ischemia may be related to their Li,Cr,and Cd elements.These pills can improve the environment of intestinal flora,and their mechanism of treatment for cerebral ischemia may be related to the down-regulation of IL^(-1)βinflammatory factor and inhibition of cell apoptosis.展开更多
基金Supported by Harbin Applied Technology Research and Development Project(2016RAXXJ015)。
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor design was adopted,and four treatments were administered with five replicates to 240 one-day-old AA broilers.The control group(group A)received a basal diet,while the experimental groups received a basal diet plus 33%(group B),67%(group C)and 100%(group D)FPFM,respectively.Compared with group A,(1)the average daily gain(ADG)in group C decreased(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)in group D increased(P<0.05);(2)the level of serum urea nitrogen in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,cholesterol,and glucose contents in group D increased(P<0.05)at day 21;(3)the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group B and the immunoglobulin A in group C increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group D decreased(P<0.05)at day 42;(4)the share force of breast muscle and thigh muscle in group D increased(P<0.05);(5)the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of group B increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the villus height in group C and D increased(P<0.05)at day 42;(6)the proteobacteria counts in the cecum digesta in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05)at day 21.The basal diet supplemented with 33%FPFM promoted protein metabolism,enhanced immunity and improved meat quality,promoted the digestion and absorption of nutrients,increased intestinal microbial diversity,and improved the content of beneficial bacteria without affecting the growth performance,it was possible to be used as a good substitute for fish meal.
文摘The function of Gastrointestinal tract including intestine is to a large degree mechanical.The mechanical properties of the intestinal wall,and the tonic (sustained) and/or phasic(short-
文摘目的研究尘螨肠道微生物蛋白Hypothetical protein CE2118的表达和纯化,为研究其在尘螨疫苗免疫治疗中的作用奠定基础。方法采用生物信息学方法,根据GenBank中Hypothetical protein CE2118蛋白的基因序列,将其中稀有密码子改造为大肠杆菌常用密码子并进行二级结构优化,合成Hypothetical protein CE2118基因,构建原核表达载体pGEX6P-1-hypothetical protein CE2118并经酶切鉴定,在大肠埃希菌Rosetta(DE3)中用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达,重组产物采用GST亲和层析纯化柱纯化。结果经密码子改造和二级结构优化后Hypothetical protein CE2118基因长度为588bp,其编码蛋白理论分子量为21kDa。重组表达载体经酶切鉴定与理论推测结果相符,该基因经IPTG诱导在大肠埃希菌Rosetta(DE3)中得到高效的可溶性表达,纯化后的重组蛋白分子量约为21kDa,其单一蛋白纯度达95%以上。结论本研究成功构建了Hypothetical protein CE2118基因的pGEX6P-1原核重组质粒,获得的可溶性重组蛋白为进一步研究肠道微生物蛋白Hypothetical protein CE2118在尘螨疫苗免疫治中的作用机理奠定基础。
文摘OBJECTIVE To identify the valid targets and new drugs of ulcerative colitis(UC),a recurrent and intractable inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS and RESULTS In an in vivo mouse model of DSS-induced colitis,HLJ2 decreased weight loss,colon contracture,disease activity index(DAI),colon mucosa damage index(CMDI)and histopathological index(HI).HLJ2 also decreased myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity and reduced production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL^(-1)β,and IL-6.HLJ2 improved intestinal mucosa damage induced by dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)and increased the expression of ZO-1 and claudin-1.Fecal 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing demonstrated a significant improvement in UC intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice treated with HLJ2,including increased abundance of probiotics such as Lachnospiraceae,Prevotellaceae,and Lactobacillaceae.At the same time there was a reduction in the abundance of pathogenic or conditional pathogenic microorganisms such as Bacteroidaceae,Porphyromonadaceae,Deferribacteraceae,and Pseudomonadaceae in HLJ2-treated mice compared with untreated mice.CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the XBP1 agonist HLJ2 inhibits inflammation,regulates the intestinal flora,and protects the intestinal mucosa.It is thus a potential therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81130061,81202572,81373414)
文摘OBJECTIVE Metrnl is a novel secreted protein with limited researches.In this study,we investigated metrnl tissue expression pattern in humans,and exploredthe possible role of its highest expression using animal models.METHODS We examined metrnl tissue expression pattern in a human tissue microarray containing 19types of tissues from 69 donors,and verified the highest expression in fresh human and mouse tissues.We then created an animal model of cell-specific knockout mice to study the role of metrnl.RESULTS Metrnl was the highest expressed in human gastrointestinal tract,and specifical y expressed in the intestinal epithelium.Consistently,Metrnl expression was also the highest expressed in mouse gastrointestinal tract among the detected tissues of 14 types.We developed intestinal epithelial cellspecific metrnl knockout mice with Vil in-Cre.In this animal model,metrnl levels displayed a statistically significant reduction in gut fluid,but not in blood serum.This cell specific deletion of metrnl did not affect body weight,food intake,blood glucose,colon length and histology,intestinal permeability,mucus production and mucin 2 expression under physiological conditions,but markedly reduced the expression of antimicrobial peptides,such as regenerating islet-derived 3 gamma and lactotransferrin.CONCLUSION Metrnl is rich in intestinal epithelial cells of humans and mice,mainly contributing to local gut metrnl level,and less affecting systemic circulating metrnl level.Metrnl plays a role in maintaining gut antimicrobial peptides.
文摘OBJECTIVE Cerebral ischemia or ischemic stroke is due to insufficient blood supply to the brain,which causes hypoxia or ischemia in some areas.This work aimed to quantify the minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vivo and in vitro,analyze its effect on the types and abundance of intestinal flora,and study its mechanism on inflammation and apoptosis pathways as a treatment for cerebral ischemia.METHODS Microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)were used to determine the minerals and heavy metals in 10 batches of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vitro.With the use of the middle cerebral artery obstruction(MCAO)model,ICP-MS was applied to determine the content of minerals and heavy metals in hepatic portal vein blood,abdominal aortic blood,brain,liver,kidney,hair,urine and feces at different time periods.On this model,the ileum,cecum,and colon tissues were tested for intestinal pathology,and 16S rRNA was used for sequencing.Species taxonomy,αdiversity,and species microbial composition and structure analysis were also performed.Polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were employed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of p38 MAPK,caspase-3,IL^(-1)βand TNF-αin the ischemic brain tissues of rats.RESULTS The average content of heavy metals in the 10 batches of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill samples is in the descending order Hg>Cu>Pb.Significant differences in the metal elements are found among Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill from different manufacturers but not among the different batches of the same manufacturer.An extremely low content of heavy metals are absorbed into the blood or accumulated in the brain,liver,kidney,and other tissues.Stool is the main excretion route of minerals and heavy metals from Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill.This medicine helps repair the intestinal mucosa in MCAO rats.At the phylum level,it can regulate the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the intestinal flora of rats with cerebral ischemia.At the genus level,it can adjust the abundance of Escherichia Shigella.At the species level,it can adjust the abundance of Lactobacillus yoelii and Lactobacillus reuteri.Cluster classification results show that Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill can improve the intestinal flora of rats with cerebral ischemia,reduce the mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3 and IL^(-1)βin rat brain tissues,and have a tendency to decrease the mRNA expression of p38 MAPK and TNF-α.CONCLUSION Quantifying the minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vivo and in vitro will help improve their quality standards.Minerals and heavy metals are mainly excreted in feces,accumulate in extremely low levels in various tissues,and do not damage the intestinal mucosa.The effective material basis of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in treating cerebral ischemia may be related to their Li,Cr,and Cd elements.These pills can improve the environment of intestinal flora,and their mechanism of treatment for cerebral ischemia may be related to the down-regulation of IL^(-1)βinflammatory factor and inhibition of cell apoptosis.
