Objective · Formalin is a classic and most widely used algogenic substance, but its itchy effect is not clear. The present study aims to explore the hypothesis that formalin may induce itch as well as pain. Metho...Objective · Formalin is a classic and most widely used algogenic substance, but its itchy effect is not clear. The present study aims to explore the hypothesis that formalin may induce itch as well as pain. Methods · Flinching, as well as licking and forelimb wiping of the site of injection were counted as pain responses, whereas biting and hind paw scratching of the cheek were counted as itchy responses. To discriminate formalin-induced sensations in rats, the irritant(saline as control) was injected, and then pain and itchy responses were recorded.Results · Intraplantar injection of formalin elicited biphasic behavior responses characterized as flinching, as well as biting or licking of the hind paw without significant gender differences. Following intradermal administration of formalin to the cheek, rats exhibited episodic forelimb wiping of the cheek, representative of pain. No gender difference was noticed for this type of behavior. In addition, episodes of hind paw scratches of the cheek, representative of pruritoceptive responses, also occurred. Interestingly, hind paw scratches appeared to be more pronounced in male than in female rats. Conclusion · Intradermal administration of formalin elicits pruritoceptive as well as nociceptive responses in rats.展开更多
In order to extract peptides from formalin-fixed tissue and compare the peptide profile differences between control group and disease group,different antigen retrieval(AR) methods were investigated in this paper: orga...In order to extract peptides from formalin-fixed tissue and compare the peptide profile differences between control group and disease group,different antigen retrieval(AR) methods were investigated in this paper: organic solvent,trypsin and magnetic bead.MALDI-TOF MS was used for evaluating the retrieval efficiency.Results showed: trypsin retrieval method was compatible to MS analysis and the higher quality spectra could be acquired,the time of digestion did not affect the peptide profile but the concentration was crucial.We concluded the optimal conditions as follows: digestion with 0.1μg/μL of trypsin at 37℃ for 2h and using the of α-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid as the MALDI matrix.展开更多
本试验选取4只体重约35 kg、2岁龄装置了永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的新疆美利奴羯羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究口服福尔马林对饲喂玉米秸秆日粮绵羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响。结果表明,给绵羊分别喂给0(对照)、0.5、1.0、1.5m l/d.只...本试验选取4只体重约35 kg、2岁龄装置了永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的新疆美利奴羯羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究口服福尔马林对饲喂玉米秸秆日粮绵羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响。结果表明,给绵羊分别喂给0(对照)、0.5、1.0、1.5m l/d.只福尔马林,各处理组羊的玉米秸秆采食量分别为637.1、692.9、744.8和760.3 g/d.只,瘤胃液氨态氮平均浓度分别为26.1、24.4、23.6和21.8 m g/100 m l,乙酸平均浓度分别为64.92、65.21、66.17和66.46 mm o l/L,丙酸平均浓度分别为15.29、16.21、17.61和17.98 mm o l/L,丁酸平均浓度分别为10.43、10.64、11.30和11.52 mm o l/L,总VFA平均浓度分别为90.64、92.06、94.66和95.95 mm o l/L,原虫平均数量分别为71.7、52.9、47.5和40.3(×104个/m l)。前胃有机物消失量分别为510.1、594.1、628.3和634.4 g/d.只,前胃纤维素消化率分别为53.1%、61.1%、66.2%和64.5%,到达十二指肠的粗蛋白质量分别为82.3、87.3、96.1和97.8 g/d.只,微生物蛋白质量分别为64.8、64.6、61.3和60.2 g/d.只,过瘤胃饲料蛋白质量分别为16.1、20.5、32.9和35.6 g/d.只。试验结果表明,给绵羊口服福尔马林可提高动物对玉米秸秆的采食量,降低瘤胃液氨态氮的浓度,具有增加乙酸和丙酸浓度从而增加总挥发性脂肪酸浓度的趋势,增加前胃有机物的消失量和纤维素的消化量,增加到达十二指肠的粗蛋白质总量和过瘤胃饲料蛋白质量,并有减少到达十二指肠的微生物蛋白质量的趋势。福尔马林以上这些作用均随剂量的增加而提高,然而,从总体看,绵羊每天口服1 m l福尔马林(分2次喂给)比较适于改善瘤胃消化代谢状况。展开更多
文摘Objective · Formalin is a classic and most widely used algogenic substance, but its itchy effect is not clear. The present study aims to explore the hypothesis that formalin may induce itch as well as pain. Methods · Flinching, as well as licking and forelimb wiping of the site of injection were counted as pain responses, whereas biting and hind paw scratching of the cheek were counted as itchy responses. To discriminate formalin-induced sensations in rats, the irritant(saline as control) was injected, and then pain and itchy responses were recorded.Results · Intraplantar injection of formalin elicited biphasic behavior responses characterized as flinching, as well as biting or licking of the hind paw without significant gender differences. Following intradermal administration of formalin to the cheek, rats exhibited episodic forelimb wiping of the cheek, representative of pain. No gender difference was noticed for this type of behavior. In addition, episodes of hind paw scratches of the cheek, representative of pruritoceptive responses, also occurred. Interestingly, hind paw scratches appeared to be more pronounced in male than in female rats. Conclusion · Intradermal administration of formalin elicits pruritoceptive as well as nociceptive responses in rats.
文摘In order to extract peptides from formalin-fixed tissue and compare the peptide profile differences between control group and disease group,different antigen retrieval(AR) methods were investigated in this paper: organic solvent,trypsin and magnetic bead.MALDI-TOF MS was used for evaluating the retrieval efficiency.Results showed: trypsin retrieval method was compatible to MS analysis and the higher quality spectra could be acquired,the time of digestion did not affect the peptide profile but the concentration was crucial.We concluded the optimal conditions as follows: digestion with 0.1μg/μL of trypsin at 37℃ for 2h and using the of α-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid as the MALDI matrix.
文摘本试验选取4只体重约35 kg、2岁龄装置了永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的新疆美利奴羯羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究口服福尔马林对饲喂玉米秸秆日粮绵羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响。结果表明,给绵羊分别喂给0(对照)、0.5、1.0、1.5m l/d.只福尔马林,各处理组羊的玉米秸秆采食量分别为637.1、692.9、744.8和760.3 g/d.只,瘤胃液氨态氮平均浓度分别为26.1、24.4、23.6和21.8 m g/100 m l,乙酸平均浓度分别为64.92、65.21、66.17和66.46 mm o l/L,丙酸平均浓度分别为15.29、16.21、17.61和17.98 mm o l/L,丁酸平均浓度分别为10.43、10.64、11.30和11.52 mm o l/L,总VFA平均浓度分别为90.64、92.06、94.66和95.95 mm o l/L,原虫平均数量分别为71.7、52.9、47.5和40.3(×104个/m l)。前胃有机物消失量分别为510.1、594.1、628.3和634.4 g/d.只,前胃纤维素消化率分别为53.1%、61.1%、66.2%和64.5%,到达十二指肠的粗蛋白质量分别为82.3、87.3、96.1和97.8 g/d.只,微生物蛋白质量分别为64.8、64.6、61.3和60.2 g/d.只,过瘤胃饲料蛋白质量分别为16.1、20.5、32.9和35.6 g/d.只。试验结果表明,给绵羊口服福尔马林可提高动物对玉米秸秆的采食量,降低瘤胃液氨态氮的浓度,具有增加乙酸和丙酸浓度从而增加总挥发性脂肪酸浓度的趋势,增加前胃有机物的消失量和纤维素的消化量,增加到达十二指肠的粗蛋白质总量和过瘤胃饲料蛋白质量,并有减少到达十二指肠的微生物蛋白质量的趋势。福尔马林以上这些作用均随剂量的增加而提高,然而,从总体看,绵羊每天口服1 m l福尔马林(分2次喂给)比较适于改善瘤胃消化代谢状况。
