An intuitive method for circle fitting is proposed. Assuming an approximate circle(CA,n) for the fitting of some scattered points, it can be imagined that every point would apply a force to CA,n, which all together fo...An intuitive method for circle fitting is proposed. Assuming an approximate circle(CA,n) for the fitting of some scattered points, it can be imagined that every point would apply a force to CA,n, which all together form an overall effect that "draws" CA,n towards best fitting to the group of points. The basic element of the force is called circular attracting factor(CAF) which is defined as a real scalar in a radial direction of CA,n. An iterative algorithm based on this idea is proposed, and the convergence and accuracy are analyzed. The algorithm converges uniformly which is proved by the analysis of Lyapunov function, and the accuracy of the algorithm is in accord with that of geometric least squares of circle fitting. The algorithm is adopted to circle detection in grayscale images, in which the transferring to binary images is not required, and thus the algorithm is less sensitive to lightening and background noise. The main point for the adaption is the calculation of CAF which is extended in radial directions of CA,n for the whole image. All pixels would apply forces to CA,n, and the overall effect of forces would be equivalent to a force from the centroid of pixels to CA,n. The forces from would-be edge pixels would overweigh that from noisy pixels, so the following approximate circle would be of better fitting. To reduce the amount of calculation, pixels are only used in an annular area including the boundary of CA,n just in between for the calculation of CAF. Examples are given, showing the process of circle fitting of scattered points around a circle from an initial assuming circle, comparing the fitting results for scattered points from some related literature, applying the method proposed for circular edge detection in grayscale images with noise, and/or with only partial arc of a circle, and for circle detection in BGA inspection.展开更多
Based on the structural characteristics of the double-differenced normal equation, a new method was proposed to resolve the ambiguity float solution through a selection of parameter weights to construct an appropriate...Based on the structural characteristics of the double-differenced normal equation, a new method was proposed to resolve the ambiguity float solution through a selection of parameter weights to construct an appropriate regularized matrix, and a singular decomposition method was used to generate regularization parameters. Numerical test results suggest that the regularized ambiguity float solution is more stable and reliable than the least-squares float solution. The mean square error matrix of the new method possesses a lower correlation than the variancecovariance matrix of the least-squares estimation. The size of the ambiguity search space is reduced and the search efficiency is improved. The success rate of the integer ambiguity searching process is improved significantly when the ambiguity resolution by using constraint equation method is used to determine the correct ambiguity integervector. The ambiguity resolution by using constraint equation method requires an initial input of the ambiguity float solution candidates which are obtained from the LAMBDA method in the new method. In addition, the observation time required to fix reliable integer ambiguities can he significantly reduced.展开更多
In view of the many scenes of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)detection,a third-party signal source is used to design a receiver to monitor the UAV.It is of great significance to understand the reflection of the signal il...In view of the many scenes of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)detection,a third-party signal source is used to design a receiver to monitor the UAV.It is of great significance to understand the reflection of the signal illuminating the UAV.Taking the communication base station(BS)signal as the third-party signal source,and considering the complete transmission link,reflection changes and loss fading of the communication signal,this study conducts model fitting for irregular UAV targets,simplifying complex targets into a combination of simple targets.Furthermore,the influence of the dielectric constant of the target surface and the signal irradiation angle on the signal reflection is analyzed.The analysis shows that the simulation results of this model fitting method are consistent with the results of other literature,which provides theoretical support for the detection of low and slow small targets such as UAVs.展开更多
The field spectroradiometer was used to measure spectra of different snow and snow-covered land surface objects in Beijing area.The result showed that for a pure snow spectrum,the snow reflectance peaks appeared from ...The field spectroradiometer was used to measure spectra of different snow and snow-covered land surface objects in Beijing area.The result showed that for a pure snow spectrum,the snow reflectance peaks appeared from visible to 800 nm band locations;there was an obvious absorption valley of snow spectrum near 1 030 nm wavelength.Compared with fresh snow,the reflection peaks of the old snow and melting snow showed different degrees of decline in the ranges of 300～1 300,1 700～1 800 and 2 200～2 300 nm,the lowest was from the compacted snow and frozen ice.For the vegetation and snow mixed spectral characteristics,it was indicated that the spectral reflectance increased for the snow-covered land types(including pine leaf with snow and pine leaf on snow background), due to the influence of snow background in the range of 350～1 300 nm.However, the spectrum reflectance of mixed pixel remained a vegetation spectral characteristic.In the end,based on the spectrum analysis of snow,vegetation,and mixed snow/vegetation pixels,the mixed spectral fitting equations were established,and the results showed that there was good correlation between spectral curves by simulation fitting and observed ones(correlation coefficient R2=0.950 9).展开更多
An effective and simple way to develop equations from impact strain signals was proposed.Little research has been performed in this area,but this equation is very important for evaluating input signals in finite eleme...An effective and simple way to develop equations from impact strain signals was proposed.Little research has been performed in this area,but this equation is very important for evaluating input signals in finite element analysis impact tests and for obtaining additional information on material deformation and fracture processes under impact loading.For this purpose,dynamic impact responses were examined through signals obtained from a strain gauge installed on an impact striker connected to a data acquisition system.Aluminium 6061-T6 was used to extract strain responses on the striker during Charpy impact testing.Statistical analysis was performed using the I-kaz method,and curve fitting equations based on the equation for vibration response under a non-periodic force were used to evaluate the Charpy impact signals.The I-kaz coefficients and curve fitting equations were then compared and discussed with related parameters,such as velocities and thicknesses.Velocity and thickness were found to be related to the strain signal patterns,curve fitting equations and I-kaz coefficients.The equations developed using this method had R2 values greater than 97.7%.Finally,the constructed equations were determined to be suitable for evaluating Charpy impact strain signal patterns and obtaining additional information on fracture processes under impact loading.展开更多
For physical ozone absorption without reaction,two parametric estimation methods,i.e.the common linear least square fitting and non-linear Simplex search methods,were applied,respectively,to determine the ozone mass t...For physical ozone absorption without reaction,two parametric estimation methods,i.e.the common linear least square fitting and non-linear Simplex search methods,were applied,respectively,to determine the ozone mass transfer coefficient during absorption and both methods give almost the same mass transfer coefficient.While for chemical absorption with ozone decomposition reaction,the common linear least square fitting method is not applicable for the evaluation of ozone mass transfer coefficient due to the difficulty of model linearization for describing ozone concentration dissolved in water.The nonlinear Simplex method obtains the mass transfer coefficient by minimizing the sum of the differences between the simulated and experimental ozone concentration during the whole absorption process,without the limitation of linear relationship between the dissolved ozone concentration and absorption time during the initial stage of absorption.Comparison of the ozone concentration profiles between the simulation and experimental data demonstrates that Simplex method may determine ozone mass transfer coefficient during absorption in an accurate and high efficiency way with wide applicability.展开更多
Based on viscoelastic theory, two new computational methods of solving linear equations and minimum value of the l-norm were put forward for transforming Kohlransch-William-Watts （KWW） function of viscoelastic mater...Based on viscoelastic theory, two new computational methods of solving linear equations and minimum value of the l-norm were put forward for transforming Kohlransch-William-Watts （KWW） function of viscoelastic materials to the generalized Maxwell model. The computational methods for the Maxwell model fitting were achieved in MATLAB software. It is found that fitting precision of the two methods is very high. The method of solving linear equations needs more fitting points and more numbers of Maxwell units. It makes the program of finite element analysis complex. While the method of solving minimum value of 1-norm can obtain very high precision only using less fitting points. These methods can fit not only experimental curve of KWW function, but also the experimental data directly.展开更多
The learning algorithms of causal discovery mainly include score-based methods and genetic algorithms(GA).The score-based algorithms are prone to searching space explosion.Classical GA is slow to converge,and prone to...The learning algorithms of causal discovery mainly include score-based methods and genetic algorithms(GA).The score-based algorithms are prone to searching space explosion.Classical GA is slow to converge,and prone to falling into local optima.To address these issues,an improved GA with domain knowledge(IGADK)is proposed.Firstly,domain knowledge is incorporated into the learning process of causality to construct a new fitness function.Secondly,a dynamical mutation operator is introduced in the algorithm to accelerate the convergence rate.Finally,an experiment is conducted on simulation data,which compares the classical GA with IGADK with domain knowledge of varying accuracy.The IGADK can greatly reduce the number of iterations,populations,and samples required for learning,which illustrates the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
As the basic protective element, steel plate had attracted world-wide attention because of frequent threats of explosive loads. This paper reports the relationships between microscopic defects of Q345 steel plate unde...As the basic protective element, steel plate had attracted world-wide attention because of frequent threats of explosive loads. This paper reports the relationships between microscopic defects of Q345 steel plate under the explosive load and its macroscopic dynamics simulation. Firstly, the defect characteristics of the steel plate were investigated by stereoscopic microscope(SM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). At the macroscopic level, the defect was the formation of cave which was concentrated in the range of 0-3.0 cm from the explosion center, while at the microscopic level, the cavity and void formation were the typical damage characteristics. It also explains that the difference in defect morphology at different positions was the combining results of high temperature and high pressure. Secondly, the variation rules of mechanical properties of steel plate under explosive load were studied. The Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler(ALE) algorithm and multi-material fluid-structure coupling method were used to simulate the explosion process of steel plate. The accuracy of the method was verified by comparing the deformation of the simulation results with the experimental results, the pressure and stress at different positions on the surface of the steel plate were obtained. The simulation results indicated that the critical pressure causing the plate defects may be approximately 2.01 GPa. On this basis, it was found that the variation rules of surface pressure and microscopic defect area of the Q345 steel plate were strikingly similar, and the corresponding mathematical relationship between them was established. Compared with Monomolecular growth fitting models(MGFM) and Logistic fitting models(LFM), the relationship can be better expressed by cubic polynomial fitting model(CPFM). This paper illustrated that the explosive defect characteristics of metal plate at the microscopic level can be explored by analyzing its macroscopic dynamic mechanical response.展开更多
To analyze the influence of time synchronization error,phase synchronization error,frequency synchronization error,internal delay of the transceiver system,and range error and angle error between the unit radars on th...To analyze the influence of time synchronization error,phase synchronization error,frequency synchronization error,internal delay of the transceiver system,and range error and angle error between the unit radars on the target detection performance,firstly,a spatial detection model of distributed high-frequency surface wave radar(distributed-HFSWR)is established in this paper.In this model,a method for accurate extraction of direct wave spectrum based on curve fitting is proposed to obtain accurate system internal delay and frequency synchronization error under complex electromagnetic environment background and low signal to noise ratio(SNR),and to compensate for the shift of range and Doppler frequency caused by time-frequency synchronization error.The direct wave component is extracted from the spectrum,the range estimation error and Doppler estimation error are reduced by the method of curve fitting,and the fitting accuracy of the parameters is improved.Then,the influence of frequency synchronization error on target range and radial Doppler velocity is quantitatively analyzed.The relationship between frequency synchronization error and radial Doppler velocity shift and range shift is given.Finally,the system synchronization parameters of the trial distributed-HFSWR are obtained by the proposed spectrum extraction method based on curve fitting,the experimental data is compensated to correct the shift of the target,and finally the correct target parameter information is obtained.Simulations and experimental results demonstrate the superiority and correctness of the proposed method,theoretical derivation and detection model proposed in this paper.展开更多
This work introduces a novel method for measuring thin film thickness,employing a multi-wavelength method that significantly reduces the need for broad-spectrum data.Unlike traditional techniques that require sev⁃eral...This work introduces a novel method for measuring thin film thickness,employing a multi-wavelength method that significantly reduces the need for broad-spectrum data.Unlike traditional techniques that require sev⁃eral hundred spectral data points,the multi-wavelength method achieves precise thickness measurements with data from only 10 wavelengths.This innovation not only simplifies the process of spectral measurement analysis but also enables accurate real-time thickness measurement on industrial coating production lines.The method effectively reconstructs and fits the visible spectrum(400-800 nm)using a minimal amount of data,while maintaining measurement error within 7.1%.This advancement lays the foundation for more practical and efficient thin film thickness determination techniques in various industrial applications.展开更多
Background The pink bollworm,Pectinophora gossypiella(Saunders),is a devastating global pest of cotton that has caused substantial economic damage to Bt Bollgard-Ⅱ~?cotton plants in recent years due to the evolution ...Background The pink bollworm,Pectinophora gossypiella(Saunders),is a devastating global pest of cotton that has caused substantial economic damage to Bt Bollgard-Ⅱ~?cotton plants in recent years due to the evolution of Bt resistance.The associated fitness cost is assumed to be one of the factors delaying the development of resistance against Bt transgenic crops.Hence,the present study was undertaken to assess the biological performance of pink bollworms by comparing the life history and demographic parameters of a resistant(Field-R)and susceptible(Lab-S)population.Results Prolonged larval duration(23.40 days in Field-R vs 18.80 days in Lab-S population),total life cycle(male=50.00 vs 42.80 days;female=53.60 vs 46.20 days),reduced fecundity(100.60 vs 154.20 eggs/female)and fertility(88.00 vs 138.00 fertile eggs/female)was observed.The demographic parameters indicated a significant reduction in the net reproductive rate(184.27 vs 276.72),innate capacity for increase in number(0.11 vs 0.15),finite rate of increase in number(1.12 vs 1.16 female progenies produced/female/day),weekly multiplication rate(2.16 vs 2.86),potential fecundity(545.06 vs 634.11 eggs),number of hypothetical F_2 females(33955.65 vs 76572.41),but longer mean length of generation(47.54 vs 37.74 days)and population doubling time(6.30 vs 4.62 days)in Field-R compared with Lab-S population.A stage-specific life to ble demonstrated the differences in survival rates between susceptible and resistant populations at various life stages,with the resistant population having higher generation mortality(0.22vs 0.19).Conclusions The study confirms the involvement of fitness costs associated with Bt resistance in P.gossypiella.Despite reduced reproductive fitness,the resistant population tried prolonging the larval stage as a compensatory mechanism to repair the damaged host tissues due to Bt intoxication and for accumulation of enough nutrient reserves for normal pupation and adult emergence.Presence of a high proportion of double Bt-resistant larvae in the field coupled with continued noncompliance with refug planting certainly favours the flaring up of this monophagous pest despite the observed fitness costs.The resistance cannot be effectively reversed unless suitable alternative management strategies are deployed.展开更多
基金Project(2013CB035504) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2012zzts078) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,ChinaProject(2009ZX02038) supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘An intuitive method for circle fitting is proposed. Assuming an approximate circle(CA,n) for the fitting of some scattered points, it can be imagined that every point would apply a force to CA,n, which all together form an overall effect that "draws" CA,n towards best fitting to the group of points. The basic element of the force is called circular attracting factor(CAF) which is defined as a real scalar in a radial direction of CA,n. An iterative algorithm based on this idea is proposed, and the convergence and accuracy are analyzed. The algorithm converges uniformly which is proved by the analysis of Lyapunov function, and the accuracy of the algorithm is in accord with that of geometric least squares of circle fitting. The algorithm is adopted to circle detection in grayscale images, in which the transferring to binary images is not required, and thus the algorithm is less sensitive to lightening and background noise. The main point for the adaption is the calculation of CAF which is extended in radial directions of CA,n for the whole image. All pixels would apply forces to CA,n, and the overall effect of forces would be equivalent to a force from the centroid of pixels to CA,n. The forces from would-be edge pixels would overweigh that from noisy pixels, so the following approximate circle would be of better fitting. To reduce the amount of calculation, pixels are only used in an annular area including the boundary of CA,n just in between for the calculation of CAF. Examples are given, showing the process of circle fitting of scattered points around a circle from an initial assuming circle, comparing the fitting results for scattered points from some related literature, applying the method proposed for circular edge detection in grayscale images with noise, and/or with only partial arc of a circle, and for circle detection in BGA inspection.
文摘Based on the structural characteristics of the double-differenced normal equation, a new method was proposed to resolve the ambiguity float solution through a selection of parameter weights to construct an appropriate regularized matrix, and a singular decomposition method was used to generate regularization parameters. Numerical test results suggest that the regularized ambiguity float solution is more stable and reliable than the least-squares float solution. The mean square error matrix of the new method possesses a lower correlation than the variancecovariance matrix of the least-squares estimation. The size of the ambiguity search space is reduced and the search efficiency is improved. The success rate of the integer ambiguity searching process is improved significantly when the ambiguity resolution by using constraint equation method is used to determine the correct ambiguity integervector. The ambiguity resolution by using constraint equation method requires an initial input of the ambiguity float solution candidates which are obtained from the LAMBDA method in the new method. In addition, the observation time required to fix reliable integer ambiguities can he significantly reduced.
基金supported by the State Major Research and Development Project(2018YFB1802004)the State Key Laboratory of Air Traffic Management System and Technology(SKLATM201807)。
文摘In view of the many scenes of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)detection,a third-party signal source is used to design a receiver to monitor the UAV.It is of great significance to understand the reflection of the signal illuminating the UAV.Taking the communication base station(BS)signal as the third-party signal source,and considering the complete transmission link,reflection changes and loss fading of the communication signal,this study conducts model fitting for irregular UAV targets,simplifying complex targets into a combination of simple targets.Furthermore,the influence of the dielectric constant of the target surface and the signal irradiation angle on the signal reflection is analyzed.The analysis shows that the simulation results of this model fitting method are consistent with the results of other literature,which provides theoretical support for the detection of low and slow small targets such as UAVs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(40771147)Global Change Research Projects of Key National Scientific Research Plan(2010CB951302)the Social Commonweal Meteorological Research Project(GYHY201106027)
文摘The field spectroradiometer was used to measure spectra of different snow and snow-covered land surface objects in Beijing area.The result showed that for a pure snow spectrum,the snow reflectance peaks appeared from visible to 800 nm band locations;there was an obvious absorption valley of snow spectrum near 1 030 nm wavelength.Compared with fresh snow,the reflection peaks of the old snow and melting snow showed different degrees of decline in the ranges of 300～1 300,1 700～1 800 and 2 200～2 300 nm,the lowest was from the compacted snow and frozen ice.For the vegetation and snow mixed spectral characteristics,it was indicated that the spectral reflectance increased for the snow-covered land types(including pine leaf with snow and pine leaf on snow background), due to the influence of snow background in the range of 350～1 300 nm.However, the spectrum reflectance of mixed pixel remained a vegetation spectral characteristic.In the end,based on the spectrum analysis of snow,vegetation,and mixed snow/vegetation pixels,the mixed spectral fitting equations were established,and the results showed that there was good correlation between spectral curves by simulation fitting and observed ones(correlation coefficient R2=0.950 9).
基金Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia grant UKM-KK-03-FRGS 0118-2010Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka for supporting these research activities
文摘An effective and simple way to develop equations from impact strain signals was proposed.Little research has been performed in this area,but this equation is very important for evaluating input signals in finite element analysis impact tests and for obtaining additional information on material deformation and fracture processes under impact loading.For this purpose,dynamic impact responses were examined through signals obtained from a strain gauge installed on an impact striker connected to a data acquisition system.Aluminium 6061-T6 was used to extract strain responses on the striker during Charpy impact testing.Statistical analysis was performed using the I-kaz method,and curve fitting equations based on the equation for vibration response under a non-periodic force were used to evaluate the Charpy impact signals.The I-kaz coefficients and curve fitting equations were then compared and discussed with related parameters,such as velocities and thicknesses.Velocity and thickness were found to be related to the strain signal patterns,curve fitting equations and I-kaz coefficients.The equations developed using this method had R2 values greater than 97.7%.Finally,the constructed equations were determined to be suitable for evaluating Charpy impact strain signal patterns and obtaining additional information on fracture processes under impact loading.
基金Project(2011467001)supported by the Ministry of Environment Protection of ChinaProject(2010DFB94130)supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘For physical ozone absorption without reaction,two parametric estimation methods,i.e.the common linear least square fitting and non-linear Simplex search methods,were applied,respectively,to determine the ozone mass transfer coefficient during absorption and both methods give almost the same mass transfer coefficient.While for chemical absorption with ozone decomposition reaction,the common linear least square fitting method is not applicable for the evaluation of ozone mass transfer coefficient due to the difficulty of model linearization for describing ozone concentration dissolved in water.The nonlinear Simplex method obtains the mass transfer coefficient by minimizing the sum of the differences between the simulated and experimental ozone concentration during the whole absorption process,without the limitation of linear relationship between the dissolved ozone concentration and absorption time during the initial stage of absorption.Comparison of the ozone concentration profiles between the simulation and experimental data demonstrates that Simplex method may determine ozone mass transfer coefficient during absorption in an accurate and high efficiency way with wide applicability.
基金Project (50605063) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-040753) supported by New Century Excellent Talents in University, ChinaProject (20050533037) supported by the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, China
文摘Based on viscoelastic theory, two new computational methods of solving linear equations and minimum value of the l-norm were put forward for transforming Kohlransch-William-Watts （KWW） function of viscoelastic materials to the generalized Maxwell model. The computational methods for the Maxwell model fitting were achieved in MATLAB software. It is found that fitting precision of the two methods is very high. The method of solving linear equations needs more fitting points and more numbers of Maxwell units. It makes the program of finite element analysis complex. While the method of solving minimum value of 1-norm can obtain very high precision only using less fitting points. These methods can fit not only experimental curve of KWW function, but also the experimental data directly.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(2022-SKJJ-B-084).
文摘The learning algorithms of causal discovery mainly include score-based methods and genetic algorithms(GA).The score-based algorithms are prone to searching space explosion.Classical GA is slow to converge,and prone to falling into local optima.To address these issues,an improved GA with domain knowledge(IGADK)is proposed.Firstly,domain knowledge is incorporated into the learning process of causality to construct a new fitness function.Secondly,a dynamical mutation operator is introduced in the algorithm to accelerate the convergence rate.Finally,an experiment is conducted on simulation data,which compares the classical GA with IGADK with domain knowledge of varying accuracy.The IGADK can greatly reduce the number of iterations,populations,and samples required for learning,which illustrates the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
基金Science and Technology Project of Fire Rescue Bureau of Ministry of Emergency Management(Grant No.2022XFZD05)S&T Program of Hebei(Grant No.22375419D)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11802160).
文摘As the basic protective element, steel plate had attracted world-wide attention because of frequent threats of explosive loads. This paper reports the relationships between microscopic defects of Q345 steel plate under the explosive load and its macroscopic dynamics simulation. Firstly, the defect characteristics of the steel plate were investigated by stereoscopic microscope(SM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). At the macroscopic level, the defect was the formation of cave which was concentrated in the range of 0-3.0 cm from the explosion center, while at the microscopic level, the cavity and void formation were the typical damage characteristics. It also explains that the difference in defect morphology at different positions was the combining results of high temperature and high pressure. Secondly, the variation rules of mechanical properties of steel plate under explosive load were studied. The Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler(ALE) algorithm and multi-material fluid-structure coupling method were used to simulate the explosion process of steel plate. The accuracy of the method was verified by comparing the deformation of the simulation results with the experimental results, the pressure and stress at different positions on the surface of the steel plate were obtained. The simulation results indicated that the critical pressure causing the plate defects may be approximately 2.01 GPa. On this basis, it was found that the variation rules of surface pressure and microscopic defect area of the Q345 steel plate were strikingly similar, and the corresponding mathematical relationship between them was established. Compared with Monomolecular growth fitting models(MGFM) and Logistic fitting models(LFM), the relationship can be better expressed by cubic polynomial fitting model(CPFM). This paper illustrated that the explosive defect characteristics of metal plate at the microscopic level can be explored by analyzing its macroscopic dynamic mechanical response.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61701140).
文摘To analyze the influence of time synchronization error,phase synchronization error,frequency synchronization error,internal delay of the transceiver system,and range error and angle error between the unit radars on the target detection performance,firstly,a spatial detection model of distributed high-frequency surface wave radar(distributed-HFSWR)is established in this paper.In this model,a method for accurate extraction of direct wave spectrum based on curve fitting is proposed to obtain accurate system internal delay and frequency synchronization error under complex electromagnetic environment background and low signal to noise ratio(SNR),and to compensate for the shift of range and Doppler frequency caused by time-frequency synchronization error.The direct wave component is extracted from the spectrum,the range estimation error and Doppler estimation error are reduced by the method of curve fitting,and the fitting accuracy of the parameters is improved.Then,the influence of frequency synchronization error on target range and radial Doppler velocity is quantitatively analyzed.The relationship between frequency synchronization error and radial Doppler velocity shift and range shift is given.Finally,the system synchronization parameters of the trial distributed-HFSWR are obtained by the proposed spectrum extraction method based on curve fitting,the experimental data is compensated to correct the shift of the target,and finally the correct target parameter information is obtained.Simulations and experimental results demonstrate the superiority and correctness of the proposed method,theoretical derivation and detection model proposed in this paper.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0715500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12227901)+2 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0580000)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2019SHZDZX01)Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative(2021PT0007).
文摘This work introduces a novel method for measuring thin film thickness,employing a multi-wavelength method that significantly reduces the need for broad-spectrum data.Unlike traditional techniques that require sev⁃eral hundred spectral data points,the multi-wavelength method achieves precise thickness measurements with data from only 10 wavelengths.This innovation not only simplifies the process of spectral measurement analysis but also enables accurate real-time thickness measurement on industrial coating production lines.The method effectively reconstructs and fits the visible spectrum(400-800 nm)using a minimal amount of data,while maintaining measurement error within 7.1%.This advancement lays the foundation for more practical and efficient thin film thickness determination techniques in various industrial applications.
基金the award of the DST-INSPIRE fellowship(IF190948)by the Department of Science and Technology,Government of India。
文摘Background The pink bollworm,Pectinophora gossypiella(Saunders),is a devastating global pest of cotton that has caused substantial economic damage to Bt Bollgard-Ⅱ~?cotton plants in recent years due to the evolution of Bt resistance.The associated fitness cost is assumed to be one of the factors delaying the development of resistance against Bt transgenic crops.Hence,the present study was undertaken to assess the biological performance of pink bollworms by comparing the life history and demographic parameters of a resistant(Field-R)and susceptible(Lab-S)population.Results Prolonged larval duration(23.40 days in Field-R vs 18.80 days in Lab-S population),total life cycle(male=50.00 vs 42.80 days;female=53.60 vs 46.20 days),reduced fecundity(100.60 vs 154.20 eggs/female)and fertility(88.00 vs 138.00 fertile eggs/female)was observed.The demographic parameters indicated a significant reduction in the net reproductive rate(184.27 vs 276.72),innate capacity for increase in number(0.11 vs 0.15),finite rate of increase in number(1.12 vs 1.16 female progenies produced/female/day),weekly multiplication rate(2.16 vs 2.86),potential fecundity(545.06 vs 634.11 eggs),number of hypothetical F_2 females(33955.65 vs 76572.41),but longer mean length of generation(47.54 vs 37.74 days)and population doubling time(6.30 vs 4.62 days)in Field-R compared with Lab-S population.A stage-specific life to ble demonstrated the differences in survival rates between susceptible and resistant populations at various life stages,with the resistant population having higher generation mortality(0.22vs 0.19).Conclusions The study confirms the involvement of fitness costs associated with Bt resistance in P.gossypiella.Despite reduced reproductive fitness,the resistant population tried prolonging the larval stage as a compensatory mechanism to repair the damaged host tissues due to Bt intoxication and for accumulation of enough nutrient reserves for normal pupation and adult emergence.Presence of a high proportion of double Bt-resistant larvae in the field coupled with continued noncompliance with refug planting certainly favours the flaring up of this monophagous pest despite the observed fitness costs.The resistance cannot be effectively reversed unless suitable alternative management strategies are deployed.
