A new clay-cement composite grouting material (CCGM) for tunnelling in underwater karst area was developed through the excellent synergistic interactions among cement, clay, meta-aluminate and lignin. The probable for...A new clay-cement composite grouting material (CCGM) for tunnelling in underwater karst area was developed through the excellent synergistic interactions among cement, clay, meta-aluminate and lignin. The probable formation mechanism of the material was proposed based on a series of experimental tests. The results show that with an optimal mass ratio (2:1:1:0.024) for water, cement, clay and additives, the obtained CCGM displayed an excellent grouting performance for karst in an underwater condition. Compared with neat cement grouts and clay-cement grouts, CCGM has faster gel time, lower bleeding rate and bulk shrinkage rate, greater initial viscosity, and a strong resistance to water dispersion. A successful engineering application indicates that CCGM not only fulfils a better grouting performance for karst in underwater conditions but also reduces the engineering cost and environmental pollution.展开更多
Reactive material projectiles can be an extremely efficient lethality enhancement technology that incorporates the defeat mechanisms of chemical energy and kinetic energy.This paper presents such a research on the enh...Reactive material projectiles can be an extremely efficient lethality enhancement technology that incorporates the defeat mechanisms of chemical energy and kinetic energy.This paper presents such a research on the enhanced ignition behavior of reactive material projectiles impacting a fuel-filled tank.Firstly,the ignition process description of the fuel-filled tank impacted by inert metal and reactive material projectiles is presented.Secondly,ballistic impact experiments are performed to investigate the ignition effects of the fuel-filled tank impacted by reactive material versus tungsten alloy projectiles with mass matched.The fuel tank used for the experiments is a cylindrical steel casing structure filled with aviation kerosene and sealed with aluminum cover plates on both ends using screw bolts.The experimental results indicate that,compared with impacts from tungsten alloy projectiles,there is dramatically enhanced structural damage to the fuel-filled tank and an enhanced ignition effect caused by reactive material projectile impacts.Finally,an analytical model is developed,by which the effects of the aluminum cover plate thickness on critical structural failure energy of the fuel-filled tank and the total energy of the reactive material projectile deposited into the fuel-filled tank are discussed.The analysis shows a good agreement with the experiments.展开更多
红层泥岩水敏性高,作路基填料时可用石灰改良。受季节变化影响,路基基床经历干湿循环,导致服役性能降低。为研究干湿循环下改良填料力学特性劣化规律,开展一系列干湿循环试验、无侧限抗压试验和弯曲元试验测定改良填料无侧限抗压强度和...红层泥岩水敏性高,作路基填料时可用石灰改良。受季节变化影响,路基基床经历干湿循环,导致服役性能降低。为研究干湿循环下改良填料力学特性劣化规律,开展一系列干湿循环试验、无侧限抗压试验和弯曲元试验测定改良填料无侧限抗压强度和小应变刚度。结合连续滴水扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,简称SEM)试验,揭示干湿循环后填料微观结构劣化特征。结果表明:低幅度循环下试样在干侧和湿侧均产生体胀。高幅度循环下试样在湿侧产生体胀。在干侧先产生体缩,随循环次数增加,即使含水率较低,试样也产生体胀。体胀导致强度和小应变刚度均有不同程度的劣化。当试样产生体缩时,强度有所增长,但小应变刚度由于裂缝衍生而持续衰减。试样强度随损伤体变可用统一劣化方程表示。但高幅度循环下试样干燥后的小应变刚度远低于劣化线,且劣化速率远大于强度。试样滴水后能维持基本形貌,但观察到团聚体松散、微粒剥落和新生裂缝等结构劣化特征,从而导致宏观力学性能衰减。展开更多
基金Project(51608539)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2016M592451,2017T100610)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘A new clay-cement composite grouting material (CCGM) for tunnelling in underwater karst area was developed through the excellent synergistic interactions among cement, clay, meta-aluminate and lignin. The probable formation mechanism of the material was proposed based on a series of experimental tests. The results show that with an optimal mass ratio (2:1:1:0.024) for water, cement, clay and additives, the obtained CCGM displayed an excellent grouting performance for karst in an underwater condition. Compared with neat cement grouts and clay-cement grouts, CCGM has faster gel time, lower bleeding rate and bulk shrinkage rate, greater initial viscosity, and a strong resistance to water dispersion. A successful engineering application indicates that CCGM not only fulfils a better grouting performance for karst in underwater conditions but also reduces the engineering cost and environmental pollution.
基金funded under the National Innovation and Exploration Research Programsupported by the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Foundation of China
文摘Reactive material projectiles can be an extremely efficient lethality enhancement technology that incorporates the defeat mechanisms of chemical energy and kinetic energy.This paper presents such a research on the enhanced ignition behavior of reactive material projectiles impacting a fuel-filled tank.Firstly,the ignition process description of the fuel-filled tank impacted by inert metal and reactive material projectiles is presented.Secondly,ballistic impact experiments are performed to investigate the ignition effects of the fuel-filled tank impacted by reactive material versus tungsten alloy projectiles with mass matched.The fuel tank used for the experiments is a cylindrical steel casing structure filled with aviation kerosene and sealed with aluminum cover plates on both ends using screw bolts.The experimental results indicate that,compared with impacts from tungsten alloy projectiles,there is dramatically enhanced structural damage to the fuel-filled tank and an enhanced ignition effect caused by reactive material projectile impacts.Finally,an analytical model is developed,by which the effects of the aluminum cover plate thickness on critical structural failure energy of the fuel-filled tank and the total energy of the reactive material projectile deposited into the fuel-filled tank are discussed.The analysis shows a good agreement with the experiments.
文摘红层泥岩水敏性高,作路基填料时可用石灰改良。受季节变化影响,路基基床经历干湿循环,导致服役性能降低。为研究干湿循环下改良填料力学特性劣化规律,开展一系列干湿循环试验、无侧限抗压试验和弯曲元试验测定改良填料无侧限抗压强度和小应变刚度。结合连续滴水扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,简称SEM)试验,揭示干湿循环后填料微观结构劣化特征。结果表明:低幅度循环下试样在干侧和湿侧均产生体胀。高幅度循环下试样在湿侧产生体胀。在干侧先产生体缩,随循环次数增加,即使含水率较低,试样也产生体胀。体胀导致强度和小应变刚度均有不同程度的劣化。当试样产生体缩时,强度有所增长,但小应变刚度由于裂缝衍生而持续衰减。试样强度随损伤体变可用统一劣化方程表示。但高幅度循环下试样干燥后的小应变刚度远低于劣化线,且劣化速率远大于强度。试样滴水后能维持基本形貌,但观察到团聚体松散、微粒剥落和新生裂缝等结构劣化特征,从而导致宏观力学性能衰减。
