This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction(UAE)(at 20 kHz and different powers of 0,200,300,400,500 and 600 W for 10 min)on the yield,structure and emulsifying properties of ...This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction(UAE)(at 20 kHz and different powers of 0,200,300,400,500 and 600 W for 10 min)on the yield,structure and emulsifying properties of chickpea protein isolate(CPI).Compared with the non-ultrasound group,ultrasound treatment at 400 W resulted in the largest increase in CPI yield,and both the particle size and turbidity decreased with increasing ultrasound power from 0 to 400 W.The scanning electron microscope results showed a uniform structural distribution of CPI.Moreover,itsα-helix content increased,β-sheet content decreased,and total sulfhydryl group content and endogenous fluorescence intensity rose,illustrating that UAE changed the secondary and tertiary structure of CPI.At 400 W,the solubility of the emulsion increased to 63.18%,and the best emulsifying properties were obtained;the emulsifying activity index(EAI)and emulsifying stability index(ESI)increased by 85.42%and 46.78%,respectively.Furthermore,the emulsion droplets formed were smaller and more uniform.In conclusion,proper UAE power conditions increased the extraction yield and protein content of CPI,and effectively improved its structure and emulsifying characteristics.展开更多
Soil DNA extraction,such as microbial community analysis and gene drift detection,is an important basis for multiple analyses in different fields.Nevertheless,the soil DNA extraction methods for field detection are st...Soil DNA extraction,such as microbial community analysis and gene drift detection,is an important basis for multiple analyses in different fields.Nevertheless,the soil DNA extraction methods for field detection are still lacking.This study established a rapid soil DNA extraction(RSDE)method that can be used in field detection.In this method,we first utilized the optimized lysate to isolate DNA from soil and then used a filtration membrane and a DNA adsorption membrane to purify the DNA via the column method.Moreover,we used the pressure from the syringe instead of the conventional centrifugal force of the centrifuge to assist the sample filtration,resulting in very low requirements for this method,with an extraction time of less than 20 min.Furthermore,we demonstrated that the RSDE method was applicable for DNA extraction from different types of soils,with the demand for soil samples as low as 0.1 g and that the amount of obtained DNA was,to some extent,greater than that obtained by a commercial kit.Further analysis revealed that this extracted genomic DNA can be used directly for polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis,including ordinary PCR,real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,and recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)-CRISPR/Cas12a visual assays.In addition,we demonstrated that this method can be used to extract DNA from residual plant roots in addition to soil microbes,which lays a foundation for the comprehensive analysis of soil plants and microorganisms.In summary,the RSDE method proposed in this study may have wide application prospects.展开更多
Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive us...Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive use for cardiovascular protection.This review aimed to provide insights into the development of rutin raw material industry in China and its future applications in various fields,such as medicine,healthcare,food,and animal husbandry.The study began by comparing rutin quality standards across China,the United States and Europe,outlined the industrial extraction processes of rutin,and examined the biological activity and potential medical applications of rutin.展开更多
Red mud is a solid waste discharged in the process of alumina production,and how to realize the efficient recovery of its iron is an urgent problem to be solved.In this study,the iron extraction test and mechanism stu...Red mud is a solid waste discharged in the process of alumina production,and how to realize the efficient recovery of its iron is an urgent problem to be solved.In this study,the iron extraction test and mechanism study of high iron red mud were carried out under the coupling conditions of multiple physical field(microwave field,gas-solid flow field and temperature field)with biomass as the reducing agent.The test results showed that under the optimal conditions,an iron concentrate with a yield of 78.4%,an iron grade of 59.23%,and a recovery rate of 86.65%was obtained.The analyses of XRD,XPS,TEM,and SEM-EDS showed that during the roasting process,the hematite in the high-iron red mud was completely converted to magnetite,and the biomass produced the reductant that provided the magnetization reaction;A large number of cracks and pores appeared in the surface of the hematite reduction product particles,which helped to induce iron minerals to undergo effective mineral phase transformation.The above study provides ideas for the phase transformation and efficient recovery of iron minerals in red mud.展开更多
[Objective]Accurate prediction of tomato growth height is crucial for optimizing production environments in smart farming.However,current prediction methods predominantly rely on empirical,mechanistic,or learning-base...[Objective]Accurate prediction of tomato growth height is crucial for optimizing production environments in smart farming.However,current prediction methods predominantly rely on empirical,mechanistic,or learning-based models that utilize either images data or environmental data.These methods fail to fully leverage multi-modal data to capture the diverse aspects of plant growth comprehensively.[Methods]To address this limitation,a two-stage phenotypic feature extraction(PFE)model based on deep learning algorithm of recurrent neural network(RNN)and long short-term memory(LSTM)was developed.The model integrated environment and plant information to provide a holistic understanding of the growth process,emploied phenotypic and temporal feature extractors to comprehensively capture both types of features,enabled a deeper understanding of the interaction between tomato plants and their environment,ultimately leading to highly accurate predictions of growth height.[Results and Discussions]The experimental results showed the model's ef‐fectiveness:When predicting the next two days based on the past five days,the PFE-based RNN and LSTM models achieved mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)of 0.81%and 0.40%,respectively,which were significantly lower than the 8.00%MAPE of the large language model(LLM)and 6.72%MAPE of the Transformer-based model.In longer-term predictions,the 10-day prediction for 4 days ahead and the 30-day prediction for 12 days ahead,the PFE-RNN model continued to outperform the other two baseline models,with MAPE of 2.66%and 14.05%,respectively.[Conclusions]The proposed method,which leverages phenotypic-temporal collaboration,shows great potential for intelligent,data-driven management of tomato cultivation,making it a promising approach for enhancing the efficiency and precision of smart tomato planting management.展开更多
The current study comprehensively evaluates four different protein extraction methods based on urea,sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),anionic surfactants(BT),and total RNA extractor(Trizol),aiming to optimize the sample pre...The current study comprehensively evaluates four different protein extraction methods based on urea,sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),anionic surfactants(BT),and total RNA extractor(Trizol),aiming to optimize the sample preparation workflow for mass spectrometry-based proteomics.Using HeLa cells as an example,we found that the method employing the mass spectrometry-compatible surfactant BT reagent significantly reduces the total time consumed for protein extraction and minimizes protein losses during the sample preparation process.Further integrating the four protein extraction methods,we identified over 7000 proteins from HeLa cells without relying on pre-fractionation techniques,and 2990 of them were quantified using label-free quantification.It is worth noting that the BT and SDS methods demonstrate higher efficiency in extracting membrane proteins,while the Urea and Trizol methods are more effective in extracting proteins from nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions.In summary,this study provides a novel solution for deep proteome coverage,particularly in the context of cellular protein extraction,by integrating mass spectrometry-compatible surfactants with traditional extraction methods to effectively enhance protein identification numbers.展开更多
Target maneuver recognition is a prerequisite for air combat situation awareness,trajectory prediction,threat assessment and maneuver decision.To get rid of the dependence of the current target maneuver recognition me...Target maneuver recognition is a prerequisite for air combat situation awareness,trajectory prediction,threat assessment and maneuver decision.To get rid of the dependence of the current target maneuver recognition method on empirical criteria and sample data,and automatically and adaptively complete the task of extracting the target maneuver pattern,in this paper,an air combat maneuver pattern extraction based on time series segmentation and clustering analysis is proposed by combining autoencoder,G-G clustering algorithm and the selective ensemble clustering analysis algorithm.Firstly,the autoencoder is used to extract key features of maneuvering trajectory to remove the impacts of redundant variables and reduce the data dimension;Then,taking the time information into account,the segmentation of Maneuver characteristic time series is realized with the improved FSTS-AEGG algorithm,and a large number of maneuver primitives are extracted;Finally,the maneuver primitives are grouped into some categories by using the selective ensemble multiple time series clustering algorithm,which can prove that each class represents a maneuver action.The maneuver pattern extraction method is applied to small scale air combat trajectory and can recognize and correctly partition at least 71.3%of maneuver actions,indicating that the method is effective and satisfies the requirements for engineering accuracy.In addition,this method can provide data support for various target maneuvering recognition methods proposed in the literature,greatly reduce the workload and improve the recognition accuracy.展开更多
The kinetic mechanism for the preparation of silymarin from milk thistle seeds was studied during the microwave-assisted extraction （MAE） process. The results showed that the transfer rate of silymarin from milk thi...The kinetic mechanism for the preparation of silymarin from milk thistle seeds was studied during the microwave-assisted extraction （MAE） process. The results showed that the transfer rate of silymarin from milk thistle seeds increased with the microwave output power and temperature during MAE processing. The apparent extraction rate constant k （s-1） was 1.2028×10-2 , 1.2248×10-2 , and 1.2485×10-2 , and diffusion coefficient D （m2·s-1 ） was 4.21×10-10, 4.29×10-10 , and 4.37×10-10 at the microwave temperatures of 383, 393, and 403 K, respectively, in the silymarin MAE process. With the help of scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the microstructures of the samples extracted by MAE were observed. The results revealed that the increased efficiency and rate of MAE of silymarin could be attributed mainly to the subsequent cell change resulting from superheating effects during MAE.展开更多
The volatile and semi-volatile components in tobacco flavor additives were extracted by both simultaneous distillation extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction. Extraction conditions for solid-phase micro-extractio...The volatile and semi-volatile components in tobacco flavor additives were extracted by both simultaneous distillation extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction. Extraction conditions for solid-phase micro-extraction were optimized with information theory. Then, detection were accomplished by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Characteristic of each method was compared. Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of 6# tobacco flavor sample were accomplished through both simultaneous distillation extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction. The experimental results show that solid-phase micro-extraction method is the first choice for qualitative analysis and simultaneous distillation extraction is another good selection for quantitative analysis. By means of simultaneous distillation extraction, 20 components are identified, accounting for 92.77% of the total peak areas. Through solid-phase micro-extraction, there are 17 components identified accounting for 91.49% of the total peak areas. The main aromatic components in 6# tobacco flavor sample are propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, menthol and menthyl acetate. The presented method has been successfully used for quality control of tobacco flavor.展开更多
Tributyl phosphate(TBP) was employed for the Bi(Ⅲ) extraction from hydrochloric acid medium.The effects of extraction time and material concentration were examined.The replacement mechanism between the anion(Cl^-) an...Tributyl phosphate(TBP) was employed for the Bi(Ⅲ) extraction from hydrochloric acid medium.The effects of extraction time and material concentration were examined.The replacement mechanism between the anion(Cl^-) and TBP was proposed for extraction.The results show the species extracted into the organic phase were found to be mainly BiCl_3·x TBP(x=2 or 3).Thermodynamic parameters of the extraction reaction were obtained from the thermodynamics analysis,which illustrates that higher temperatures show a negative effect on the extraction.Extraction isotherm was obtained with 2.16 mol/L TBP for a typical solution containing 0.1 mol/L of bismuth and 1.0 mol/L of hydrochloric acid.About 98.5 % of bismuth has been extracted from the leaching solution under the optimum condition.Moreover,oxalate was explored as a precipitation stripping agent for BiCl_3·x TBP(x=2 or 3) complexes,by which Bi(Ⅲ) was stripped in the form of Bi_2(C_2O_4)_3·7H_2O.A stripping efficiency of 99.3% was obtained in only one stage at the phase ratio of 1 and TBP also could be recycled.Therefore,the method is an efficient,effective and highly selective approach to extract Bi(Ⅲ) and to recover metal bismuth.展开更多
A novel cloud-point extraction （CPE） was successfully used in preconcentration of biphenol A （BPA） from aqueous solutions. Majority of BPA is extracted into the surfactant-rich phase. The parameters affecting the ...A novel cloud-point extraction （CPE） was successfully used in preconcentration of biphenol A （BPA） from aqueous solutions. Majority of BPA is extracted into the surfactant-rich phase. The parameters affecting the CPE such as concentration of surfactant and electrolyte, equilibration temperature and time and pH of sample solution were investigated. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Under the optimized conditions, preconcentration of 10 mL sample gives a preconcentration factor of 11. The limit of detection （LOD） and limit of quantification （LOQ） are 0.1 μg/L and 0.33 μg/L, respectively. The linear range of the proposed method is 0.2-20 μg/L with correlation coefficients greater than 0.998 7 and the spiking recove6es are 97.96%-100.42%. The interference factor was tested and the extraction mechanism was also investigated. Thus, the developed CPE has proven to be an efficient, green, rapid and inexpensive approach for extraction and preconcentration of BPA from water samples.展开更多
The property of extraction solution is an important factor influencing the extraction efficiency. In the present work, the effect of the property of solution on extraction of GA was studied, which including the concen...The property of extraction solution is an important factor influencing the extraction efficiency. In the present work, the effect of the property of solution on extraction of GA was studied, which including the concentration of ethanol, ammonia and cation (M+), pH of extraction solution, different kinds of organic solvent etc. The results show that 50%-60%(v/v) ethanol can reach high percentage extraction of GA. If 1% (v/v) ammonia solution was added into 60%(v/v) ethanol, the percentage extraction can be increased from 2.0% to 2.31%. Without ammonia, 50mmol/L [M+] (M+ = K+, NH4+) was added into 60%(v/v) ethanol, percentage extraction of GA can reach about 2.26%. If pH of solution (60% ethanol) was adjust to pH=4.0, it can reach high percentage extraction. If pH of solution (60% ethanol + 50mmol [M+], pH=6.1) was adjust tO PH=4.0, especially M+ is K+ or NH4+, it can reach almost same extraction efficiency as that of 1% ammonia solution + 60% ethanol, and the operation environment can be greatly improved.展开更多
A feasible approach to selectively recover iron and rare earth elements(REEs)from red mud through acid leaching-coordination-solvent extraction was proposed.The leaching efficiencies of Fe,Al,Ti,Sc,La,Ce,Nd and Y can ...A feasible approach to selectively recover iron and rare earth elements(REEs)from red mud through acid leaching-coordination-solvent extraction was proposed.The leaching efficiencies of Fe,Al,Ti,Sc,La,Ce,Nd and Y can reach up to 95.9%,82.1%,68.3%,93.3%,82.3%,96.9%,98.3%and 95.6%,respectively,under the optimal condition in the leaching process.Aliquat 336 showed excellent extraction performance of iron in chloride-rich solution,and the maximum extraction efficiency can reach over 96%in one time extraction while the loss of other metals was less than 10%,under the condition of Aliquat 336 concentration(v/v)of 30%,aqueous-organic ratio of 1.0 and extraction time of 20 min.Furthermore,P204 can effectively extract the scandium while Al and most other REEs remain in the aqueous phase.This approach may provide a new insight for the recovery of valuable resources from red mud.展开更多
Nickel and cobalt were extracted from low-grade nickeliferous laterite ore using a reduction roasting-ammonia leaching method.The reduction roasting-ammonia leaching experimental tests were chiefly introduced,by which...Nickel and cobalt were extracted from low-grade nickeliferous laterite ore using a reduction roasting-ammonia leaching method.The reduction roasting-ammonia leaching experimental tests were chiefly introduced,by which fine coal was used as a reductant.The results show that the optimum process conditions are confirmed as follows:in reduction roasting process,the mass fraction of reductant in the ore is 10%,roasting time is 120 min,roasting temperature is 1 023-1 073 K;in ammonia leaching process,the liquid-to-solid ratio is 4:1(mL/g),leaching temperature is 313 K,leaching time is 120 min,and concentration ratio of NH3 to CO2 is 90 g/L:60 g/L.Under the optimum conditions,leaching efficiencies of nickel and cobalt are 86.25% and 60.84%,respectively.Therefore,nickel and cobalt can be effectively reclaimed,and the leaching agent can be also recycled at room temperature and normal pressure.展开更多
Choosing the right characteristic parameter is the key to fault diagnosis in analog circuit. The feature evaluation and extraction methods based on neural network are presented. Parameter evaluation of circuit feature...Choosing the right characteristic parameter is the key to fault diagnosis in analog circuit. The feature evaluation and extraction methods based on neural network are presented. Parameter evaluation of circuit features is realized by training results from neural network; the superior nonlinear mapping capability is competent for extracting fault features which are normalized and compressed subsequently. The complex classification problem on fault pattern recognition in analog circuit is transferred into feature processing stage by feature extraction based on neural network effectively, which improves the diagnosis efficiency. A fault diagnosis illustration validated this method.展开更多
Throught fusion of the mechanism modeling and the neural networks modeling,a compo- nent content soft-sensor,which is composed of the equilibrium calculation model for multi-component rare earth extraction and the err...Throught fusion of the mechanism modeling and the neural networks modeling,a compo- nent content soft-sensor,which is composed of the equilibrium calculation model for multi-component rare earth extraction and the error compensation model of fuzzy system,is proposed to solve the prob- lem that the component content in countercurrent rare-earth extraction process is hardly measured on-line.An industry experiment in the extraction Y process by HAB using this hybrid soft-sensor proves its effectiveness.展开更多
Platycodon grandiflorum A.DC.(PAl)C)root was taken as experiment material to extract polysaccharide.On the base of single factor tests(extraction time,extraction temperature,liquid-solid ratio,solvent pH value and NaC...Platycodon grandiflorum A.DC.(PAl)C)root was taken as experiment material to extract polysaccharide.On the base of single factor tests(extraction time,extraction temperature,liquid-solid ratio,solvent pH value and NaCl concentration),the study concluded the main factors affecting the extraction of PADC polysaccharide,which are liquid-solid ratio,extraction time and extraction temperature.Then through central-composite test design,the extraction conditions were concluded as liquid-solid ratio 34.43,extraction time 89.83 min and extraction temperature 52.47℃.By means of validation experiments,the adequacy of this model was confirmed.展开更多
The goal of this paper is to find an excellent adaptive window function for extracting the weak vibration signal and high frequency vibration signal under strong noise.The relationship between windowing transform andf...The goal of this paper is to find an excellent adaptive window function for extracting the weak vibration signal and high frequency vibration signal under strong noise.The relationship between windowing transform andfiltering is analyzed first in the paper.The advantage of adjustable time-frequency window of wavelet transform is introduced.Secondly the relationship between harmonic wavelet and multiple analytic band-pass filter is analyzed.The coherence of the multiple analytic band-pass filter and harmonic wavelet base function is discussed,and the characteristic that multiple analytic band-pass filter included in the harmonic wavelet transform is founded.Thirdly,by extending the harmonic wavelet transform,the concept of the adaptive harmonic window and its theoretical equation without decomposition are put forward in this paper.Then comparing with the Hanning window,the good performance of restraining side-lobe leakage possessed by adaptive harmonic window is shown,and the adaptive characteristics of window width changing and analytical center moving of the adaptive harmonic window are presented.Finally,the proposed adaptive harmonic window is applied to weak signal extraction and high frequency orbit extraction of high speed rotor under strong noise,and the satisfactory results are achieved.The application results show that the adaptive harmonic window function can be successfully applied to the actual engineering signal processing.展开更多
The effect of electrochemical chloride extraction （ECE） on bond strength between steel bar and freeze-thaw concrete contaminated by chloride was experimentally investigated for beam specimens with dimensions of 100 ...The effect of electrochemical chloride extraction （ECE） on bond strength between steel bar and freeze-thaw concrete contaminated by chloride was experimentally investigated for beam specimens with dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm × 400 ram. During the experiment, 3% NaC1 （vs mass of cement, mass fraction） was mixed into concrete to simulate chloride contamination, and the specimens experienced 0, 25, 50, 75 freeze-thaw cycles before ECE. In the process of ECE, different current densities and durations were adopted. It is indicated that the bond strength between reinforcement and concrete decreases with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles; the more the current and the electric quantity of ECE are, the more the loss of bond strength is; and the largest loss is up to 58.7%. So, it is important to choose proper parameters of ECE for the reinforced concrete structures contaminated by chloride and subjected to freeze-thaw cycles.展开更多
The heavy metal(such as Cr,Ni,Cu,Cd,Pb,and Zn)concentration,speciation,and pollution source in 43 sediment samples from the Xiangjiang River were investigated using sequential extraction combined with Pb isotope analy...The heavy metal(such as Cr,Ni,Cu,Cd,Pb,and Zn)concentration,speciation,and pollution source in 43 sediment samples from the Xiangjiang River were investigated using sequential extraction combined with Pb isotope analysis.Cu,Cd,Pb,and Zn concentrations are higher than their background values,while Cr and Ni concentrations are close to those.Sequential extraction demonstrates that heavy metals have different fractions,showing different bioavailabilities.The w(206Pb)/w(207Pb)ratio increases with decreasing bioavailability in the order of exchangeable<carbonate≈Fe-Mn oxides≈organic<residual(p<0.05).Wastewater,dust,and slag from mining and smelting areas,and the residual Pb are assumed to be the primary anthropogenic and natural sources of Pb,respectively.The percentages of anthropogenic Pb in the exchangeable,carbonate,Fe-Mn oxides,and organic fractions are(91.5±16.7)%,(61.1±13.9)%,(57.4±11.1)%,and(55.5±11.2)%,respectively,suggesting a significant input of anthropogenic Pb in these four fractions.展开更多
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction(UAE)(at 20 kHz and different powers of 0,200,300,400,500 and 600 W for 10 min)on the yield,structure and emulsifying properties of chickpea protein isolate(CPI).Compared with the non-ultrasound group,ultrasound treatment at 400 W resulted in the largest increase in CPI yield,and both the particle size and turbidity decreased with increasing ultrasound power from 0 to 400 W.The scanning electron microscope results showed a uniform structural distribution of CPI.Moreover,itsα-helix content increased,β-sheet content decreased,and total sulfhydryl group content and endogenous fluorescence intensity rose,illustrating that UAE changed the secondary and tertiary structure of CPI.At 400 W,the solubility of the emulsion increased to 63.18%,and the best emulsifying properties were obtained;the emulsifying activity index(EAI)and emulsifying stability index(ESI)increased by 85.42%and 46.78%,respectively.Furthermore,the emulsion droplets formed were smaller and more uniform.In conclusion,proper UAE power conditions increased the extraction yield and protein content of CPI,and effectively improved its structure and emulsifying characteristics.
基金the Experimental Technology Research Project of Zhejiang University(SYB202138)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000195).
文摘Soil DNA extraction,such as microbial community analysis and gene drift detection,is an important basis for multiple analyses in different fields.Nevertheless,the soil DNA extraction methods for field detection are still lacking.This study established a rapid soil DNA extraction(RSDE)method that can be used in field detection.In this method,we first utilized the optimized lysate to isolate DNA from soil and then used a filtration membrane and a DNA adsorption membrane to purify the DNA via the column method.Moreover,we used the pressure from the syringe instead of the conventional centrifugal force of the centrifuge to assist the sample filtration,resulting in very low requirements for this method,with an extraction time of less than 20 min.Furthermore,we demonstrated that the RSDE method was applicable for DNA extraction from different types of soils,with the demand for soil samples as low as 0.1 g and that the amount of obtained DNA was,to some extent,greater than that obtained by a commercial kit.Further analysis revealed that this extracted genomic DNA can be used directly for polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis,including ordinary PCR,real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,and recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)-CRISPR/Cas12a visual assays.In addition,we demonstrated that this method can be used to extract DNA from residual plant roots in addition to soil microbes,which lays a foundation for the comprehensive analysis of soil plants and microorganisms.In summary,the RSDE method proposed in this study may have wide application prospects.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Project Foundation of Henan Provincial Scientific and Technological Department(242102310530,242102310119,252102310498)the Zhumadian Science and Technology Innovation Youth Special Project(QNZX202413)+1 种基金the Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Tackling Program(LHGJ20241009,LHGJ20241006)the Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(25B180015,25B230006)。
文摘Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive use for cardiovascular protection.This review aimed to provide insights into the development of rutin raw material industry in China and its future applications in various fields,such as medicine,healthcare,food,and animal husbandry.The study began by comparing rutin quality standards across China,the United States and Europe,outlined the industrial extraction processes of rutin,and examined the biological activity and potential medical applications of rutin.
基金Project(MMCS2023OF02)supported by the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures,ChinaProject(AA23073018)supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology,ChinaProject(2024M751861)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation。
文摘Red mud is a solid waste discharged in the process of alumina production,and how to realize the efficient recovery of its iron is an urgent problem to be solved.In this study,the iron extraction test and mechanism study of high iron red mud were carried out under the coupling conditions of multiple physical field(microwave field,gas-solid flow field and temperature field)with biomass as the reducing agent.The test results showed that under the optimal conditions,an iron concentrate with a yield of 78.4%,an iron grade of 59.23%,and a recovery rate of 86.65%was obtained.The analyses of XRD,XPS,TEM,and SEM-EDS showed that during the roasting process,the hematite in the high-iron red mud was completely converted to magnetite,and the biomass produced the reductant that provided the magnetization reaction;A large number of cracks and pores appeared in the surface of the hematite reduction product particles,which helped to induce iron minerals to undergo effective mineral phase transformation.The above study provides ideas for the phase transformation and efficient recovery of iron minerals in red mud.
文摘[Objective]Accurate prediction of tomato growth height is crucial for optimizing production environments in smart farming.However,current prediction methods predominantly rely on empirical,mechanistic,or learning-based models that utilize either images data or environmental data.These methods fail to fully leverage multi-modal data to capture the diverse aspects of plant growth comprehensively.[Methods]To address this limitation,a two-stage phenotypic feature extraction(PFE)model based on deep learning algorithm of recurrent neural network(RNN)and long short-term memory(LSTM)was developed.The model integrated environment and plant information to provide a holistic understanding of the growth process,emploied phenotypic and temporal feature extractors to comprehensively capture both types of features,enabled a deeper understanding of the interaction between tomato plants and their environment,ultimately leading to highly accurate predictions of growth height.[Results and Discussions]The experimental results showed the model's ef‐fectiveness:When predicting the next two days based on the past five days,the PFE-based RNN and LSTM models achieved mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)of 0.81%and 0.40%,respectively,which were significantly lower than the 8.00%MAPE of the large language model(LLM)and 6.72%MAPE of the Transformer-based model.In longer-term predictions,the 10-day prediction for 4 days ahead and the 30-day prediction for 12 days ahead,the PFE-RNN model continued to outperform the other two baseline models,with MAPE of 2.66%and 14.05%,respectively.[Conclusions]The proposed method,which leverages phenotypic-temporal collaboration,shows great potential for intelligent,data-driven management of tomato cultivation,making it a promising approach for enhancing the efficiency and precision of smart tomato planting management.
文摘The current study comprehensively evaluates four different protein extraction methods based on urea,sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),anionic surfactants(BT),and total RNA extractor(Trizol),aiming to optimize the sample preparation workflow for mass spectrometry-based proteomics.Using HeLa cells as an example,we found that the method employing the mass spectrometry-compatible surfactant BT reagent significantly reduces the total time consumed for protein extraction and minimizes protein losses during the sample preparation process.Further integrating the four protein extraction methods,we identified over 7000 proteins from HeLa cells without relying on pre-fractionation techniques,and 2990 of them were quantified using label-free quantification.It is worth noting that the BT and SDS methods demonstrate higher efficiency in extracting membrane proteins,while the Urea and Trizol methods are more effective in extracting proteins from nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions.In summary,this study provides a novel solution for deep proteome coverage,particularly in the context of cellular protein extraction,by integrating mass spectrometry-compatible surfactants with traditional extraction methods to effectively enhance protein identification numbers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No.72301293)。
文摘Target maneuver recognition is a prerequisite for air combat situation awareness,trajectory prediction,threat assessment and maneuver decision.To get rid of the dependence of the current target maneuver recognition method on empirical criteria and sample data,and automatically and adaptively complete the task of extracting the target maneuver pattern,in this paper,an air combat maneuver pattern extraction based on time series segmentation and clustering analysis is proposed by combining autoencoder,G-G clustering algorithm and the selective ensemble clustering analysis algorithm.Firstly,the autoencoder is used to extract key features of maneuvering trajectory to remove the impacts of redundant variables and reduce the data dimension;Then,taking the time information into account,the segmentation of Maneuver characteristic time series is realized with the improved FSTS-AEGG algorithm,and a large number of maneuver primitives are extracted;Finally,the maneuver primitives are grouped into some categories by using the selective ensemble multiple time series clustering algorithm,which can prove that each class represents a maneuver action.The maneuver pattern extraction method is applied to small scale air combat trajectory and can recognize and correctly partition at least 71.3%of maneuver actions,indicating that the method is effective and satisfies the requirements for engineering accuracy.In addition,this method can provide data support for various target maneuvering recognition methods proposed in the literature,greatly reduce the workload and improve the recognition accuracy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071579)the Key Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(ZD201013)the Key Project of Education Department of Heilongjiang Province of China(125212003)
文摘The kinetic mechanism for the preparation of silymarin from milk thistle seeds was studied during the microwave-assisted extraction （MAE） process. The results showed that the transfer rate of silymarin from milk thistle seeds increased with the microwave output power and temperature during MAE processing. The apparent extraction rate constant k （s-1） was 1.2028×10-2 , 1.2248×10-2 , and 1.2485×10-2 , and diffusion coefficient D （m2·s-1 ） was 4.21×10-10, 4.29×10-10 , and 4.37×10-10 at the microwave temperatures of 383, 393, and 403 K, respectively, in the silymarin MAE process. With the help of scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the microstructures of the samples extracted by MAE were observed. The results revealed that the increased efficiency and rate of MAE of silymarin could be attributed mainly to the subsequent cell change resulting from superheating effects during MAE.
文摘The volatile and semi-volatile components in tobacco flavor additives were extracted by both simultaneous distillation extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction. Extraction conditions for solid-phase micro-extraction were optimized with information theory. Then, detection were accomplished by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Characteristic of each method was compared. Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of 6# tobacco flavor sample were accomplished through both simultaneous distillation extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction. The experimental results show that solid-phase micro-extraction method is the first choice for qualitative analysis and simultaneous distillation extraction is another good selection for quantitative analysis. By means of simultaneous distillation extraction, 20 components are identified, accounting for 92.77% of the total peak areas. Through solid-phase micro-extraction, there are 17 components identified accounting for 91.49% of the total peak areas. The main aromatic components in 6# tobacco flavor sample are propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, menthol and menthyl acetate. The presented method has been successfully used for quality control of tobacco flavor.
基金Project(2011AA061002)supported by the High-Tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2010SK2010)supported by the Key Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province,ChinaProject supported by the Hunan Nonferrous Metals Fund,China
文摘Tributyl phosphate(TBP) was employed for the Bi(Ⅲ) extraction from hydrochloric acid medium.The effects of extraction time and material concentration were examined.The replacement mechanism between the anion(Cl^-) and TBP was proposed for extraction.The results show the species extracted into the organic phase were found to be mainly BiCl_3·x TBP(x=2 or 3).Thermodynamic parameters of the extraction reaction were obtained from the thermodynamics analysis,which illustrates that higher temperatures show a negative effect on the extraction.Extraction isotherm was obtained with 2.16 mol/L TBP for a typical solution containing 0.1 mol/L of bismuth and 1.0 mol/L of hydrochloric acid.About 98.5 % of bismuth has been extracted from the leaching solution under the optimum condition.Moreover,oxalate was explored as a precipitation stripping agent for BiCl_3·x TBP(x=2 or 3) complexes,by which Bi(Ⅲ) was stripped in the form of Bi_2(C_2O_4)_3·7H_2O.A stripping efficiency of 99.3% was obtained in only one stage at the phase ratio of 1 and TBP also could be recycled.Therefore,the method is an efficient,effective and highly selective approach to extract Bi(Ⅲ) and to recover metal bismuth.
基金Project(20956001) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(CX2011B083) supported by Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate, ChinaProject(K1104026-11) supported by Project of Changsha Science and Technology Bureau, China
文摘A novel cloud-point extraction （CPE） was successfully used in preconcentration of biphenol A （BPA） from aqueous solutions. Majority of BPA is extracted into the surfactant-rich phase. The parameters affecting the CPE such as concentration of surfactant and electrolyte, equilibration temperature and time and pH of sample solution were investigated. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Under the optimized conditions, preconcentration of 10 mL sample gives a preconcentration factor of 11. The limit of detection （LOD） and limit of quantification （LOQ） are 0.1 μg/L and 0.33 μg/L, respectively. The linear range of the proposed method is 0.2-20 μg/L with correlation coefficients greater than 0.998 7 and the spiking recove6es are 97.96%-100.42%. The interference factor was tested and the extraction mechanism was also investigated. Thus, the developed CPE has proven to be an efficient, green, rapid and inexpensive approach for extraction and preconcentration of BPA from water samples.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.29836130).
文摘The property of extraction solution is an important factor influencing the extraction efficiency. In the present work, the effect of the property of solution on extraction of GA was studied, which including the concentration of ethanol, ammonia and cation (M+), pH of extraction solution, different kinds of organic solvent etc. The results show that 50%-60%(v/v) ethanol can reach high percentage extraction of GA. If 1% (v/v) ammonia solution was added into 60%(v/v) ethanol, the percentage extraction can be increased from 2.0% to 2.31%. Without ammonia, 50mmol/L [M+] (M+ = K+, NH4+) was added into 60%(v/v) ethanol, percentage extraction of GA can reach about 2.26%. If pH of solution (60% ethanol) was adjust to pH=4.0, it can reach high percentage extraction. If pH of solution (60% ethanol + 50mmol [M+], pH=6.1) was adjust tO PH=4.0, especially M+ is K+ or NH4+, it can reach almost same extraction efficiency as that of 1% ammonia solution + 60% ethanol, and the operation environment can be greatly improved.
基金Project(21707167)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A feasible approach to selectively recover iron and rare earth elements(REEs)from red mud through acid leaching-coordination-solvent extraction was proposed.The leaching efficiencies of Fe,Al,Ti,Sc,La,Ce,Nd and Y can reach up to 95.9%,82.1%,68.3%,93.3%,82.3%,96.9%,98.3%and 95.6%,respectively,under the optimal condition in the leaching process.Aliquat 336 showed excellent extraction performance of iron in chloride-rich solution,and the maximum extraction efficiency can reach over 96%in one time extraction while the loss of other metals was less than 10%,under the condition of Aliquat 336 concentration(v/v)of 30%,aqueous-organic ratio of 1.0 and extraction time of 20 min.Furthermore,P204 can effectively extract the scandium while Al and most other REEs remain in the aqueous phase.This approach may provide a new insight for the recovery of valuable resources from red mud.
基金Project(50674014) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Nickel and cobalt were extracted from low-grade nickeliferous laterite ore using a reduction roasting-ammonia leaching method.The reduction roasting-ammonia leaching experimental tests were chiefly introduced,by which fine coal was used as a reductant.The results show that the optimum process conditions are confirmed as follows:in reduction roasting process,the mass fraction of reductant in the ore is 10%,roasting time is 120 min,roasting temperature is 1 023-1 073 K;in ammonia leaching process,the liquid-to-solid ratio is 4:1(mL/g),leaching temperature is 313 K,leaching time is 120 min,and concentration ratio of NH3 to CO2 is 90 g/L:60 g/L.Under the optimum conditions,leaching efficiencies of nickel and cobalt are 86.25% and 60.84%,respectively.Therefore,nickel and cobalt can be effectively reclaimed,and the leaching agent can be also recycled at room temperature and normal pressure.
基金the National Natural Science Fundation of China (60372001 90407007)the Ph. D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20030614006).
文摘Choosing the right characteristic parameter is the key to fault diagnosis in analog circuit. The feature evaluation and extraction methods based on neural network are presented. Parameter evaluation of circuit features is realized by training results from neural network; the superior nonlinear mapping capability is competent for extracting fault features which are normalized and compressed subsequently. The complex classification problem on fault pattern recognition in analog circuit is transferred into feature processing stage by feature extraction based on neural network effectively, which improves the diagnosis efficiency. A fault diagnosis illustration validated this method.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of P.R.China(50474020,60534010,60504006)
文摘Throught fusion of the mechanism modeling and the neural networks modeling,a compo- nent content soft-sensor,which is composed of the equilibrium calculation model for multi-component rare earth extraction and the error compensation model of fuzzy system,is proposed to solve the prob- lem that the component content in countercurrent rare-earth extraction process is hardly measured on-line.An industry experiment in the extraction Y process by HAB using this hybrid soft-sensor proves its effectiveness.
文摘Platycodon grandiflorum A.DC.(PAl)C)root was taken as experiment material to extract polysaccharide.On the base of single factor tests(extraction time,extraction temperature,liquid-solid ratio,solvent pH value and NaCl concentration),the study concluded the main factors affecting the extraction of PADC polysaccharide,which are liquid-solid ratio,extraction time and extraction temperature.Then through central-composite test design,the extraction conditions were concluded as liquid-solid ratio 34.43,extraction time 89.83 min and extraction temperature 52.47℃.By means of validation experiments,the adequacy of this model was confirmed.
基金Project(51675262)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(6140210020102)supported by the Advance Research Field Fund Project of ChinaProject(2016YFD0700800)supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China
文摘The goal of this paper is to find an excellent adaptive window function for extracting the weak vibration signal and high frequency vibration signal under strong noise.The relationship between windowing transform andfiltering is analyzed first in the paper.The advantage of adjustable time-frequency window of wavelet transform is introduced.Secondly the relationship between harmonic wavelet and multiple analytic band-pass filter is analyzed.The coherence of the multiple analytic band-pass filter and harmonic wavelet base function is discussed,and the characteristic that multiple analytic band-pass filter included in the harmonic wavelet transform is founded.Thirdly,by extending the harmonic wavelet transform,the concept of the adaptive harmonic window and its theoretical equation without decomposition are put forward in this paper.Then comparing with the Hanning window,the good performance of restraining side-lobe leakage possessed by adaptive harmonic window is shown,and the adaptive characteristics of window width changing and analytical center moving of the adaptive harmonic window are presented.Finally,the proposed adaptive harmonic window is applied to weak signal extraction and high frequency orbit extraction of high speed rotor under strong noise,and the satisfactory results are achieved.The application results show that the adaptive harmonic window function can be successfully applied to the actual engineering signal processing.
基金Project(IRT0518) supported by the Program of Innovative Team of the Ministry of Education of China
文摘The effect of electrochemical chloride extraction （ECE） on bond strength between steel bar and freeze-thaw concrete contaminated by chloride was experimentally investigated for beam specimens with dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm × 400 ram. During the experiment, 3% NaC1 （vs mass of cement, mass fraction） was mixed into concrete to simulate chloride contamination, and the specimens experienced 0, 25, 50, 75 freeze-thaw cycles before ECE. In the process of ECE, different current densities and durations were adopted. It is indicated that the bond strength between reinforcement and concrete decreases with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles; the more the current and the electric quantity of ECE are, the more the loss of bond strength is; and the largest loss is up to 58.7%. So, it is important to choose proper parameters of ECE for the reinforced concrete structures contaminated by chloride and subjected to freeze-thaw cycles.
基金Project(2009ZX07212-001)supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of ChinaProject(51079002)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The heavy metal(such as Cr,Ni,Cu,Cd,Pb,and Zn)concentration,speciation,and pollution source in 43 sediment samples from the Xiangjiang River were investigated using sequential extraction combined with Pb isotope analysis.Cu,Cd,Pb,and Zn concentrations are higher than their background values,while Cr and Ni concentrations are close to those.Sequential extraction demonstrates that heavy metals have different fractions,showing different bioavailabilities.The w(206Pb)/w(207Pb)ratio increases with decreasing bioavailability in the order of exchangeable<carbonate≈Fe-Mn oxides≈organic<residual(p<0.05).Wastewater,dust,and slag from mining and smelting areas,and the residual Pb are assumed to be the primary anthropogenic and natural sources of Pb,respectively.The percentages of anthropogenic Pb in the exchangeable,carbonate,Fe-Mn oxides,and organic fractions are(91.5±16.7)%,(61.1±13.9)%,(57.4±11.1)%,and(55.5±11.2)%,respectively,suggesting a significant input of anthropogenic Pb in these four fractions.
