As contiguous area to Russia, Heilongjiang Province takes advantage of geography and resource superiority to promote the export of farmer labor services to Russia in recent years with trading cooperation between China...As contiguous area to Russia, Heilongjiang Province takes advantage of geography and resource superiority to promote the export of farmer labor services to Russia in recent years with trading cooperation between China and Russia. This paper briefly introduced the present situation of the export of farmer labor services from Heilongjiang Province to Russia. Under the background of Russian Far East economic development and development of ＂large agriculture＂ in Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province would continue to increase labor export to Russia. Then, the paper analyzed the problems of the export of farmer labor services and gave some proposals accordingly. At last, the result showed that well-organized and reasonable farmer labor export to Russia could play a role to the agricultural modernization and urbanization development.展开更多
Under the umbrella of WTO, the reduction in trade barriers has forced the policy makers to focus on the export competitiveness. Rice is an important source for foreign exchange earnings for the economy of Pakistan, ke...Under the umbrella of WTO, the reduction in trade barriers has forced the policy makers to focus on the export competitiveness. Rice is an important source for foreign exchange earnings for the economy of Pakistan, keeping in mind of this fact, the competitiveness of Pakistan＇s rice with other major exporters was examined by applying revealed competitive advantage. The domestic consumption trends of rice among the major rice exporting countries were also analyzed in the current study. The results revealed that as compare to other major exporters of rice in the world, Pakistan had high competitive and comparative advantage in the production of rice. The comparison of the movements in comparative advantage indices for Pakistan with the major world rice competitors/exporters showed that Pakistan possessed relatively high comparative and competitive advantages in rice production. The declining domestic per capita consumption of rice and increasing trends in competitiveness for Pakistan clearly revealed the expected potential of higher growth which meant that rice exports from Pakistan could continue to play an important role for the earnings of foreign exchange. In order to exploit the potential benefits of rice exports, we need to strengthen the competitiveness in rice sector of Pakistan.展开更多
For predictive purposes and for understanding the relationship between the US market and Canadian newsprint producers an econometric model was built. In this study, a simultaneous-equation model was developed, which c...For predictive purposes and for understanding the relationship between the US market and Canadian newsprint producers an econometric model was built. In this study, a simultaneous-equation model was developed, which consisted of four equations, one each for the supply, export, consumption and price of newsprint. The period of 1955-1986 was covered by this model. The data for the years 1985 and 1986 were reserved to test the predictive power of the model. In fitting the four equations for the period of 1955 -1984, the coefficients of determination, the R -square values, between observed and predicted values were higher than 99 per cent. The test results of the forecasting power showed that there was no statistically significant difference between predicted and observed values at the 5 per cent level of significance. Sources of forecasting error are expressed as three partial inequality coefficients associated with bias, variance and covariance of predicted and observed values. The error could not be展开更多
The paper revealed the place and role of Russia in the global market of platinum metals, highlighted features of pricing in the export of Russian platinum group metals, the main problems of pricing in the export contr...The paper revealed the place and role of Russia in the global market of platinum metals, highlighted features of pricing in the export of Russian platinum group metals, the main problems of pricing in the export contracts related to the instability of markets and imperfect currency and customs legislation of the Russian Federation, proposed innovative ways to solutions to existing problems in the preparation and conclusion of export contracts.展开更多
Agricultural sector is a major source of employment and export earnings for Pakistan. Exports of Pakistan are highly concentrated in agricultural products including cotton, rice, sugar and fruit. This study analyzed c...Agricultural sector is a major source of employment and export earnings for Pakistan. Exports of Pakistan are highly concentrated in agricultural products including cotton, rice, sugar and fruit. This study analyzed comparative and competitive advantages of the main agricultural products of Pakistan, i.e. cotton, rice and tangerines. Consumption patterns of top exporting countries in each category were also analyzed. Results revealed that Pakistan had strong competitiveness for export of these commodities. Strong potential for growth in the agricultural sector of Pakistan was found and it could be optimized to raise export earnings and meet the objectives of the strategic trade policy framework （STPF） 2015-2018 of Pakistan.展开更多
With the worsening of environment, many countries pay more attention to the environmental protection. Green （organic） trade barrier gradually attracts more attention to the non-tariff barrier in the international tr...With the worsening of environment, many countries pay more attention to the environmental protection. Green （organic） trade barrier gradually attracts more attention to the non-tariff barrier in the international trade. However, according to the economic levels of different countries, great differences exist in environment standards of these countries which resulted in the appearance of green trade barriers as trade protection. This study classified the connotations and characteristics of green trade barrier, gave the descriptions on the development and type of green trade barrier, and analysed the influences on China＇s export and put forward some countermeasures which aimed at stimulating the development of our foreign trade.展开更多
Zhang Zhuying,45,is now chief engineer in No.1 Carbon Plant un-der the Guizhou Aluminum Smelter.Graduated from Central South University of Technology in 1969,shewas assigned to Anode Paste Workshop belong to No.2 Bran...Zhang Zhuying,45,is now chief engineer in No.1 Carbon Plant un-der the Guizhou Aluminum Smelter.Graduated from Central South University of Technology in 1969,shewas assigned to Anode Paste Workshop belong to No.2 Branch under Gui-展开更多
基金Supported by Philosophy and Social Science Youth Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province(13C004)Dr.Start Fund of Northeast Agricultural University(2012RCB78)
文摘As contiguous area to Russia, Heilongjiang Province takes advantage of geography and resource superiority to promote the export of farmer labor services to Russia in recent years with trading cooperation between China and Russia. This paper briefly introduced the present situation of the export of farmer labor services from Heilongjiang Province to Russia. Under the background of Russian Far East economic development and development of ＂large agriculture＂ in Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province would continue to increase labor export to Russia. Then, the paper analyzed the problems of the export of farmer labor services and gave some proposals accordingly. At last, the result showed that well-organized and reasonable farmer labor export to Russia could play a role to the agricultural modernization and urbanization development.
文摘Under the umbrella of WTO, the reduction in trade barriers has forced the policy makers to focus on the export competitiveness. Rice is an important source for foreign exchange earnings for the economy of Pakistan, keeping in mind of this fact, the competitiveness of Pakistan＇s rice with other major exporters was examined by applying revealed competitive advantage. The domestic consumption trends of rice among the major rice exporting countries were also analyzed in the current study. The results revealed that as compare to other major exporters of rice in the world, Pakistan had high competitive and comparative advantage in the production of rice. The comparison of the movements in comparative advantage indices for Pakistan with the major world rice competitors/exporters showed that Pakistan possessed relatively high comparative and competitive advantages in rice production. The declining domestic per capita consumption of rice and increasing trends in competitiveness for Pakistan clearly revealed the expected potential of higher growth which meant that rice exports from Pakistan could continue to play an important role for the earnings of foreign exchange. In order to exploit the potential benefits of rice exports, we need to strengthen the competitiveness in rice sector of Pakistan.
文摘For predictive purposes and for understanding the relationship between the US market and Canadian newsprint producers an econometric model was built. In this study, a simultaneous-equation model was developed, which consisted of four equations, one each for the supply, export, consumption and price of newsprint. The period of 1955-1986 was covered by this model. The data for the years 1985 and 1986 were reserved to test the predictive power of the model. In fitting the four equations for the period of 1955 -1984, the coefficients of determination, the R -square values, between observed and predicted values were higher than 99 per cent. The test results of the forecasting power showed that there was no statistically significant difference between predicted and observed values at the 5 per cent level of significance. Sources of forecasting error are expressed as three partial inequality coefficients associated with bias, variance and covariance of predicted and observed values. The error could not be
文摘The paper revealed the place and role of Russia in the global market of platinum metals, highlighted features of pricing in the export of Russian platinum group metals, the main problems of pricing in the export contracts related to the instability of markets and imperfect currency and customs legislation of the Russian Federation, proposed innovative ways to solutions to existing problems in the preparation and conclusion of export contracts.
文摘Agricultural sector is a major source of employment and export earnings for Pakistan. Exports of Pakistan are highly concentrated in agricultural products including cotton, rice, sugar and fruit. This study analyzed comparative and competitive advantages of the main agricultural products of Pakistan, i.e. cotton, rice and tangerines. Consumption patterns of top exporting countries in each category were also analyzed. Results revealed that Pakistan had strong competitiveness for export of these commodities. Strong potential for growth in the agricultural sector of Pakistan was found and it could be optimized to raise export earnings and meet the objectives of the strategic trade policy framework （STPF） 2015-2018 of Pakistan.
基金Heilongjiang Province Humanity Social Science F (10552015)
文摘With the worsening of environment, many countries pay more attention to the environmental protection. Green （organic） trade barrier gradually attracts more attention to the non-tariff barrier in the international trade. However, according to the economic levels of different countries, great differences exist in environment standards of these countries which resulted in the appearance of green trade barriers as trade protection. This study classified the connotations and characteristics of green trade barrier, gave the descriptions on the development and type of green trade barrier, and analysed the influences on China＇s export and put forward some countermeasures which aimed at stimulating the development of our foreign trade.
文摘Zhang Zhuying,45,is now chief engineer in No.1 Carbon Plant un-der the Guizhou Aluminum Smelter.Graduated from Central South University of Technology in 1969,shewas assigned to Anode Paste Workshop belong to No.2 Branch under Gui-
