4-Nonylphenol(NP)is a kind of estrogen belonging to the endocrine disrupter,widely used in various agricultural and industrial goods.However,extensive use of NP with direct release to environment poses high risks to b...4-Nonylphenol(NP)is a kind of estrogen belonging to the endocrine disrupter,widely used in various agricultural and industrial goods.However,extensive use of NP with direct release to environment poses high risks to both human health and ecosystems.Herein,for the first time,we developed near-infrared(NIR)responsive upconversion luminescence nanosensor for NP detection.The Förster resonance energy transfer based upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)-graphene oxide sensor offers highly selective and sensitive detection of NP in linear ranges of 5−200 ng/mL and 200−1000 ng/mL under 980 nm and 808 nm excitation,respectively,with LOD at 4.2 ng/mL.The sensors were successfully tested for NP detection in real liquid milk samples with excellent recovery results.The rare-earth fluoride based upconversion luminescence nanosensor with NIR excitation wavelength,holds promise for sensing food,environmental,and biological samples due to their high sensitivity,specific recognition,low LOD,negligible autofluorescence,along with the deep penetration of NIR excitation sources.展开更多
In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the prolifer...In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens.The splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by T-cell mitogens(Con A and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies)released high levels of IL-2 but low levels of IFN-γand IL-17A.The release of IL-4 was unaffected by MRJPs.Additionally,splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by LPS were prevented by MRJPs at the same dose as that required for producing IL-1βand IL-6,two pro-inflammatory cytokines.The production of IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γwas negatively associated with estrogen levels,which were higher in the MRJP-treated animals than in the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that feeding mice 250 mg/kg of MRJPs maintained the stability of the natural intestinal microflora of mice.Additionally,the LEf Se analysis identified biomarkers in the MRJP-treated mice,including Prevotella,Bacillales,Enterobacteriales,Gammaproteobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus,and Shigella.Our results showed that MRJPs are important components of royal jelly that modulate host immunity and hormone levels and help maintain gut microbiota stability.展开更多
Despite efforts in prevention and intensive care, trauma and subsequent sepsis are still associated with a high mortality rate. Traumatic injury remains the main cause of death in people younger than 45 years and is t...Despite efforts in prevention and intensive care, trauma and subsequent sepsis are still associated with a high mortality rate. Traumatic injury remains the main cause of death in people younger than 45 years and is thus a source of immense social and economic burden. In recent years, the knowledge concerning gender medicine has continuously increased. A number of studies have reported gender dimorphism in terms of response to trauma, shock and sepsis.However, the advantageous outcome following trauma-hemorrhage in females is not due only to sex. Rather, it is due to the prevailing hormonal milieu of the victim. In this respect, various experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of estrogen for the central nervous system, the cardiopulmonary system, the liver, the kidneys, the immune system, and for the overall survival of the host. Nonetheless, there remains a gap between the bench and the bedside. This is most likely because clinical studies have not accounted for the estrus cycle. This review attempts to provide an overview of the current level of knowledge and highlights the most important organ systems responding to trauma, shock and sepsis. There continues to be a need for clinical studies on the prevailing hormonal milieu following trauma, shock and sepsis.展开更多
The roles of androgens on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology are controversial as both beneficial and detrimental effects have been reported. Although the reasons for this discrepancy are unclear, multiple ...The roles of androgens on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology are controversial as both beneficial and detrimental effects have been reported. Although the reasons for this discrepancy are unclear, multiple factors such as genetic and epigenetic variation, sex-specificity, hormone interactions, drug preparation and route of administration may contribute. Recently, growing evidence suggests that androgens exhibit beneficial effects on cardiovascular function though the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Endothelial cells （ECs） which line the interior surface of blood vessels are distributed throughout the circulatory system, and play a crucial role in cardiovascular function. Endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） are considered an indispensable element for the reconstitution and maintenance of an intact endothelial layer. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an initiating step in development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The modulation of endothelial functions by androgens through either genornic or nongenomic signal pathways is one possible mechanism by which androgens act on the cardiovascular system. Obtaining insight into the mechanisms by which androgens affect EC and EPC functions will allow us to determine whether androgens possess beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. This in turn may be critical in the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. This article seeks to review recent progress in androgen regulation of endothelial function, the sex-specificity of androgen actions, and its clinical applications in the cardiovascular system.展开更多
Objective: To investigate estrogen receptor β (ERβ) gene Rsa1 polymorphism and concentration of estrogen, FSH and LH in serum in peri-menopausal and menopausal women with depressive disorder. Methods: Seventy-four p...Objective: To investigate estrogen receptor β (ERβ) gene Rsa1 polymorphism and concentration of estrogen, FSH and LH in serum in peri-menopausal and menopausal women with depressive disorder. Methods: Seventy-four peri-menopausal and menopausal women with depressive disorder met ICD-10 and CCMD-3 assessment criteria for depressive disorder were recruited. ERβ gene Rsa1 polymorphism was analyzed with PCR-RFLP. Serum levels of estrogen, FSH and LH were measured by magnetism-ELISA. Results: The respective frequency of ERβ gene Rsa1 polymorphism was no significant difference between women with depressive disorder and the healthy women (χ 2=1.106,P>0.05). The serum level of estrogen was lower in women with depressive disorder than in the healthy women (P<0.05). No difference was found for FSH and LH between two groups. Conclusion: ERβ gene Rsa1 polymorphism may be not associated with depressive disorder in the peri-menopausal and menopausal women. The serum level of estrogen is associated with depressive disorder in the peri-menopausal and menopausal women.展开更多
Estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) contents of 40 breastcancer patients were determined with immunofluorescent staining.Thedifferentiation of cancer cells was evaluated on the basis of histological andultr...Estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) contents of 40 breastcancer patients were determined with immunofluorescent staining.Thedifferentiation of cancer cells was evaluated on the basis of histological andultrastructural changes.It was found that there was a positive correlation of ERand PR contents with the cellular differentiation of breast cancer,and the lattercould be used to estimate the status of hormone receptors.Breast cancer is a malignant disease with heteropathological characteristics.In handling a breast cancerpatient,both the status of hormone receptors and the cellular differentiationshould be considered and the treatment varied with each pa(?)ent.For those witha well-differentiated cancer and rich hormone receptors,endocrine therapy shouldmainly be administered,while for those with a poorly-differentiated cancer and afew hormone receptors,chemotherapy would be of choice.展开更多
To investigate the association of the expression of estrogen receptor ct, estrogen receptor 13 in placenta with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy （ICP） susceptibility. Methods： In 14 cases of mild ICP, 14 cases...To investigate the association of the expression of estrogen receptor ct, estrogen receptor 13 in placenta with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy （ICP） susceptibility. Methods： In 14 cases of mild ICP, 14 cases of severe ICP and 14 cases of normal cases （control group） with corresponding age and gestation weeks, the expressions of ERa and ERD were detected by means of immunohistochemical method S-P. Results： The mean grey numbers of ERa in each group mentioned above were 151.684±3.76, 149.854±3.69, 153.184±3.18, without significant difference （P〉0.05） The mean grey numbers of ERβ in each group mentioned above were 146.51±3.81, 139.434±9.97, 149.87±4.17, with significant difference （P〉0.05）; the expression of ERI3 of severe ICP group was significantly higher than that of the mild ICP group and the control group （P〈0.05）. The expression of ERβ in every group was higher than that of ERa （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： ERβ maybe play an important part in the etiology and development of ICP展开更多
In modern warfare,therapy for combat injury is a critical issue to improve personnel survival and battle effectiveness.Be limited to the severe circumstance in the distant battlefield,quick and effective treatment can...In modern warfare,therapy for combat injury is a critical issue to improve personnel survival and battle effectiveness.Be limited to the severe circumstance in the distant battlefield,quick and effective treatment cannot be supplied that leads infections,sepsis,multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)and high mortality.To get a better therapy for combat injury,we summarized several reports that associated with the mechanisms of sepsis and MODS,those published on MMR recently.Chaudry and colleagues reported gender difference in the outcomes of trauma,shock and sepsis.The advantageous outcome in female is due to their hormone milieu.Their accumulating reports indicated estrogen as a beneficial factor for multiple system and organs,including the central nervous system,the cardiopulmonary system,the liver,the kidneys,the immune system,and leads to better survival from sepsis.Thompson et al.reviewed the underlying mechanisms in trauma induced sepsis,which can be concluded as an imbalance of immune response triggered by damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)and other immune modifying agents.They also emphasize immunomodulation as a better therapeutic strategy that might be a potential benefit in regulating the host immune response.Fan et al.have revealed a crucial mechanism underlying lung epithelial and macrophage crosstalk,which involves IL-25 as a mediator.After the injury,lung epithelial secreted IL-25 promotes TNF-αproduction in macrophage leading to acute lung injury(ALI).In addition to a mountain of cytokines,mitochondrial dysfunction in immune cell is another critical risk factor for immune dysfunction during sepsis.Both morphology and function alterations in mitochondria are closely associated with inadequate ATP production,insufficient metabolism process and overloaded ROS production,which lead harm to immune cells and other tissues by triggering oxidative stress.All the above reports discussed mechanisms of sepsis induction after trauma and provided evidence to improve better therapy strategies targeting diverse risk factors.展开更多
To investigate the effects of long-term low dose hormone replacement therapy （HRT） on postmenopaosal women in homone level, cognition score, hippocampus volume, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy （MRS） parameters...To investigate the effects of long-term low dose hormone replacement therapy （HRT） on postmenopaosal women in homone level, cognition score, hippocampus volume, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy （MRS） parameters. Methods A total of 182 postmenopausal women aged 50-87 years were chosen at Peking Union Medical College Hospital and assigned to HRT group and control group. The volunteers of HRT group had taken low dose hormone [ estradiol （E2 ） 0. 5-1.0 mg and progesterone 0.5-2.0 mg, once a day ] for 4-33 years. The concentrations of E2, progesterone, and testosterone were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The gene types of apolipoprotein E （ApoE） were measured by polymerase chain reaction, and the subjects with susceptible genes （ ApoE ε3/ε4） of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） were screened. Their hippocampus volumes and MRS parameters were obtained through magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and results in two groups were analyzed by statistical method. Results Compared with control group, the concentrations of E2 at each age stage in HRT group were significantly higher （P 〈0. 05） except the 80-89 years old subgroup; yet, there were no statistical differences in the concentrations of progesterone and testosterone between the two groups. There was no obvious difference in ApoE subtypes distribution between the two groups The results of hippocampus MRI for the subjects with susceptible genes ApoE ε3/ε4 （HRT group 14 cases, control group 11 cases） showed that the ratio of bilateral hippocampus volume to whole brain volume in HRT group （0. 406 ± 0.028） was signiticantlyhigher than control gronp （0.369±0.031, P〈0.05）. Theresults of ^1H MRS for the subjects with susceptible genes ApoE ε3/ε4 （ HRT group 12 cases, control group 11 cases） showed that the N-acetylaspartate/total creatine at the area of hippocampus in HRT group （ 1.54±0. 08 ） were significantly higher than control group （ 1.45±0. 13, P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusions For postmenopausal women, long-term low dose HRT can maintain the physiological concentration of E2 in plasma. Furthermore, the hippocampus MRI performed on those with ApoE ε3/ε3 genes shows that long-term low dose HRT can prevent hippocampus atrophy, which is beneficial to maintain the brain function and prevent AD.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the relationship between estrogen receptor(ER) gene and the clinical indexes associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: By means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment ...Objective: To investigate the relationship between estrogen receptor(ER) gene and the clinical indexes associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: By means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), we analyzed ER gene polymorphism in 84 CHD patients and 61 healthy subjects and non-CHD inpatients. The clinical indexes associated with CHD were analyzed in relation to the three ER genotypes. Results: There were significant differences in the incidence of hypertension (58.62%), fibrinogen (Fib) concentration (3.5±0.8 g/L), body mass index (BMI, 25.1±3.2), HDL-C concentration (1.0±0.2 mmol/L) between PP genotype group and other genotype groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: ER gene polymorphism may affect ER-mediated cardiovascular protective effect by modulating the expression of ER.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to determine if isoflavone genistien has protective effects against high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in human aortic endlthelial cells, and investigate the possible mechanism for...Objective The aim of this study was to determine if isoflavone genistien has protective effects against high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in human aortic endlthelial cells, and investigate the possible mechanism for this protection. Methods Human aortic endothelial cells subjected to normal (5mmol/L) or high glucose (25mmol/L) were treated with genistein at 0, 50, 100nmol/L. Parallel experiments were performed with 100nM 17b-estradiol, and also in the presence and absence of the pure anti-estrogen ICI-182,780 (100nmol/L). The effects on cell apoptotic DNA fragmentation were determined using cell death ELISA, and the effects on cellular proliferation were determined using tritiated thymidine incorporation assay. Estrogen receptor expression was detected by Taqman quantitative PCR. Results Genistein at 100nmol/L significantly reduced high glucose-induced DNA fragmentation, and reversed cell DNA synthesis inhibition (P <0.001) after 24 hours' incubation. The effect of genistein was completely blocked by ICI-182,780 administration. Estrogen receptor beta, but not alpha was found to be expressed in these cells. Conclusion Isoflavone genistein shows protection against high glucose-induced cell damage through estrogen receptor beta, reducing apoptotic DNA damage and protecting from the inhibition of cell proliferation.展开更多
The specific bindings of estrogen,progestin and androgen were determined inthe cytosol fraction of myomatous,adenomyotic and postmenopausal uterine tissues andof the normal endometrium and myometrium as well.It was fo...The specific bindings of estrogen,progestin and androgen were determined inthe cytosol fraction of myomatous,adenomyotic and postmenopausal uterine tissues andof the normal endometrium and myometrium as well.It was found that theconcentrations of estrogen,progestin and androgen cytosol receptors were significantlyhigher in myomatous tissue than in normal myometrium;there was also an obvious differ-ence of the concentration of the sex steroid receptors between normal endometrium andadenomyotic tissue;and the uterine tissues of postmenopausal women still retained highlevels of these sex steroid receptors.In addition,the regulation of sex steroids in thepathogenesis of myoma and adenomyosis is discussed.展开更多
Objective: To assess the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on plasma lipid levels and hormone levels in postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 108 Chinese postmenopausal women with hyperlipodemia (mean a...Objective: To assess the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on plasma lipid levels and hormone levels in postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 108 Chinese postmenopausal women with hyperlipodemia (mean age (65.3±0.7) years) were randomly divided into 3 groups (group Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ). Patients in group Ⅰ received exclusive estrogen therapy (Premarin), those in group Ⅱ received combined therapy with estrogen and progestrone (Livial), and those in group Ⅲ were treated with placebo. At the end of 3 and 6 months of the therapy, the serum sex hormone and lipid levels were determined and compared with the baseline levels. Results: After 6 months’ therapy, in group Ⅰ, a statistically significant (P < 0.01) decrease or increase vs the baseline was observed in serum lipid levels: the tatal cholesteror (TC) dropped by 12.8%, triglyceride (TG) by 17%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) by 29%, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch) was elevated by 14.6%. In group Ⅱ, TC levels was decreased by 8.7%, TG by 15.6%, LDL-ch by 33% and HDL-ch by 28.3%. The serum estradiol (E2) levels in both group Ⅰ and Ⅱ was increased significantly (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) benefits the lipoprotein metabolism in postmenopausal women with hyperlipodemia but when progestational is added to the ERT, the beneficial effect of estrogen on blood lipids was reduced.展开更多
Objective: To study the inhibition effects of estrogen on the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental cells. Methods: Primary cultured placental cells were treated by ICI182, 780, a complete E...Objective: To study the inhibition effects of estrogen on the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental cells. Methods: Primary cultured placental cells were treated by ICI182, 780, a complete ER antagonist , and Tamoxifen, an ERa-mixed agonist/antagonist and ERβ antagonist for 24 h. The supernatant was havested for the radioimmunoassay of CRH. Results: 17β-estradiol inhibited the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental (P<0.05). ICI182, 780 stimulated the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental (P<0.05). Conclusion: Estrogen represses the synthesis and secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental, which is possibly mediated by ERa.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of estrogen estrogen treatment on arterial neointimal pro liferation induced by balloon injury of bled vessels in rabbit. Methods: Fifty female rabbit...Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of estrogen estrogen treatment on arterial neointimal pro liferation induced by balloon injury of bled vessels in rabbit. Methods: Fifty female rabbits were were divided into 5 groups (groups A, B, C, D and E, 10 in each group). Rabbits in group A, B, C and D underwent ovariectomy and 1 month later, the abdominal arteries of the rabbits in all the groups underwent balloon injury Rabbits in groups B, C, D re ceived intramusular injection of 17 β-estradiol cypionate 2, 20, l00 μg’ kg-1’ d-1 respectively, beginning 1 d before till 3 d after balloon injury (5 in each group) or till 3 weeks ther balloon injury (the other 5 in each group). Those in group A and E received no estrogen. Inhibition of cell proliferation by estrogen was evaluated by incorporation of tritiated thymidine in vitro into the rabbit abdominal aorta 3 d for balloon injury. Morphological sodes were performed to detendne the inti mal tiickness 21 d ther injury. Results: Estradiol treatment significantly inhibited the myointimal thickening in vivo and thymidine incorporation (P < 0.01) in mied vessels vessels in the rabbits undergoing balloon balloon injury in the abdominal ar teries. Conclusion: Inhibitory effect of estradiol on balloon injury-induced arterial neointimal hyperolasia may be mediated by inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and estrogen replacement therapy may be a new approach to pre vent restenosis.展开更多
To explore the role of estrogen in the development of muscle inflammation,especially in the intramuscular T cell response,and the influence on the intrinsic immuno-behaviors of myofibers,We established a mouse model o...To explore the role of estrogen in the development of muscle inflammation,especially in the intramuscular T cell response,and the influence on the intrinsic immuno-behaviors of myofibers,We established a mouse model of muscle injury by injecting i.m.CTX into the tibialis anterior(TA).Injection s.c.of 17βestradiol(E2)or estrogen receptor antagonist 4-OHT or ovariectomy(OVX),was used to change estrogen level of animal models in vivo.Gene levels of cytokines/chemokines were monitored by qPCR.Macrophage and T cell phenotypes were analyzed by FACS.展开更多
The prognostic value of estrogen and/or ER on female pa tients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is rarely reported.Current study was undertaken to elucidate the associations of serum estradiol level,tissue...The prognostic value of estrogen and/or ER on female pa tients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is rarely reported.Current study was undertaken to elucidate the associations of serum estradiol level,tissue estrogen receptor alpha(ERa)and estrogen receptor beta(ERβ)expression with clinical response and reproductive factor changes in 387 female ESCC patients.A genome-wide association study on 3921 ESCC patients using 40 SNPs(P≤1×10^(-7))demonstrated that rsl SNP with AA,GG or GA genotype was significantly difference(X^(2)=12.258,8.399,6.671;P=0.002,0.015,0.036)on overall survival.展开更多
文摘4-Nonylphenol(NP)is a kind of estrogen belonging to the endocrine disrupter,widely used in various agricultural and industrial goods.However,extensive use of NP with direct release to environment poses high risks to both human health and ecosystems.Herein,for the first time,we developed near-infrared(NIR)responsive upconversion luminescence nanosensor for NP detection.The Förster resonance energy transfer based upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)-graphene oxide sensor offers highly selective and sensitive detection of NP in linear ranges of 5−200 ng/mL and 200−1000 ng/mL under 980 nm and 808 nm excitation,respectively,with LOD at 4.2 ng/mL.The sensors were successfully tested for NP detection in real liquid milk samples with excellent recovery results.The rare-earth fluoride based upconversion luminescence nanosensor with NIR excitation wavelength,holds promise for sensing food,environmental,and biological samples due to their high sensitivity,specific recognition,low LOD,negligible autofluorescence,along with the deep penetration of NIR excitation sources.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004104)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(202300410080)+2 种基金the Key Project of Henan Education Committee(21A310005)the Internal Fund of Hebei University of Economics and Business(2020ZD10)the Postgraduate“Talent Program”of Henan University(SYL20060187 and SYL20060189)。
文摘In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens.The splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by T-cell mitogens(Con A and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies)released high levels of IL-2 but low levels of IFN-γand IL-17A.The release of IL-4 was unaffected by MRJPs.Additionally,splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by LPS were prevented by MRJPs at the same dose as that required for producing IL-1βand IL-6,two pro-inflammatory cytokines.The production of IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γwas negatively associated with estrogen levels,which were higher in the MRJP-treated animals than in the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that feeding mice 250 mg/kg of MRJPs maintained the stability of the natural intestinal microflora of mice.Additionally,the LEf Se analysis identified biomarkers in the MRJP-treated mice,including Prevotella,Bacillales,Enterobacteriales,Gammaproteobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus,and Shigella.Our results showed that MRJPs are important components of royal jelly that modulate host immunity and hormone levels and help maintain gut microbiota stability.
文摘Despite efforts in prevention and intensive care, trauma and subsequent sepsis are still associated with a high mortality rate. Traumatic injury remains the main cause of death in people younger than 45 years and is thus a source of immense social and economic burden. In recent years, the knowledge concerning gender medicine has continuously increased. A number of studies have reported gender dimorphism in terms of response to trauma, shock and sepsis.However, the advantageous outcome following trauma-hemorrhage in females is not due only to sex. Rather, it is due to the prevailing hormonal milieu of the victim. In this respect, various experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of estrogen for the central nervous system, the cardiopulmonary system, the liver, the kidneys, the immune system, and for the overall survival of the host. Nonetheless, there remains a gap between the bench and the bedside. This is most likely because clinical studies have not accounted for the estrus cycle. This review attempts to provide an overview of the current level of knowledge and highlights the most important organ systems responding to trauma, shock and sepsis. There continues to be a need for clinical studies on the prevailing hormonal milieu following trauma, shock and sepsis.
基金The researches described in this article were partially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81570271 and 81400357） and NIH （UL1 RR024996）. We are very grateful to John R Lee （Assistant Professor of Medicine, Weill Comell Medical College, New York）, and Jeff J Zhu （Research Manager, Weill Comell Medical College, New York） for critical review of the article. The authors have nothing to disclosure.
文摘The roles of androgens on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology are controversial as both beneficial and detrimental effects have been reported. Although the reasons for this discrepancy are unclear, multiple factors such as genetic and epigenetic variation, sex-specificity, hormone interactions, drug preparation and route of administration may contribute. Recently, growing evidence suggests that androgens exhibit beneficial effects on cardiovascular function though the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Endothelial cells （ECs） which line the interior surface of blood vessels are distributed throughout the circulatory system, and play a crucial role in cardiovascular function. Endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） are considered an indispensable element for the reconstitution and maintenance of an intact endothelial layer. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an initiating step in development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The modulation of endothelial functions by androgens through either genornic or nongenomic signal pathways is one possible mechanism by which androgens act on the cardiovascular system. Obtaining insight into the mechanisms by which androgens affect EC and EPC functions will allow us to determine whether androgens possess beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. This in turn may be critical in the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. This article seeks to review recent progress in androgen regulation of endothelial function, the sex-specificity of androgen actions, and its clinical applications in the cardiovascular system.
文摘Objective: To investigate estrogen receptor β (ERβ) gene Rsa1 polymorphism and concentration of estrogen, FSH and LH in serum in peri-menopausal and menopausal women with depressive disorder. Methods: Seventy-four peri-menopausal and menopausal women with depressive disorder met ICD-10 and CCMD-3 assessment criteria for depressive disorder were recruited. ERβ gene Rsa1 polymorphism was analyzed with PCR-RFLP. Serum levels of estrogen, FSH and LH were measured by magnetism-ELISA. Results: The respective frequency of ERβ gene Rsa1 polymorphism was no significant difference between women with depressive disorder and the healthy women (χ 2=1.106,P>0.05). The serum level of estrogen was lower in women with depressive disorder than in the healthy women (P<0.05). No difference was found for FSH and LH between two groups. Conclusion: ERβ gene Rsa1 polymorphism may be not associated with depressive disorder in the peri-menopausal and menopausal women. The serum level of estrogen is associated with depressive disorder in the peri-menopausal and menopausal women.
文摘Estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) contents of 40 breastcancer patients were determined with immunofluorescent staining.Thedifferentiation of cancer cells was evaluated on the basis of histological andultrastructural changes.It was found that there was a positive correlation of ERand PR contents with the cellular differentiation of breast cancer,and the lattercould be used to estimate the status of hormone receptors.Breast cancer is a malignant disease with heteropathological characteristics.In handling a breast cancerpatient,both the status of hormone receptors and the cellular differentiationshould be considered and the treatment varied with each pa(?)ent.For those witha well-differentiated cancer and rich hormone receptors,endocrine therapy shouldmainly be administered,while for those with a poorly-differentiated cancer and afew hormone receptors,chemotherapy would be of choice.
文摘To investigate the association of the expression of estrogen receptor ct, estrogen receptor 13 in placenta with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy （ICP） susceptibility. Methods： In 14 cases of mild ICP, 14 cases of severe ICP and 14 cases of normal cases （control group） with corresponding age and gestation weeks, the expressions of ERa and ERD were detected by means of immunohistochemical method S-P. Results： The mean grey numbers of ERa in each group mentioned above were 151.684±3.76, 149.854±3.69, 153.184±3.18, without significant difference （P〉0.05） The mean grey numbers of ERβ in each group mentioned above were 146.51±3.81, 139.434±9.97, 149.87±4.17, with significant difference （P〉0.05）; the expression of ERI3 of severe ICP group was significantly higher than that of the mild ICP group and the control group （P〈0.05）. The expression of ERβ in every group was higher than that of ERa （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： ERβ maybe play an important part in the etiology and development of ICP
文摘In modern warfare,therapy for combat injury is a critical issue to improve personnel survival and battle effectiveness.Be limited to the severe circumstance in the distant battlefield,quick and effective treatment cannot be supplied that leads infections,sepsis,multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)and high mortality.To get a better therapy for combat injury,we summarized several reports that associated with the mechanisms of sepsis and MODS,those published on MMR recently.Chaudry and colleagues reported gender difference in the outcomes of trauma,shock and sepsis.The advantageous outcome in female is due to their hormone milieu.Their accumulating reports indicated estrogen as a beneficial factor for multiple system and organs,including the central nervous system,the cardiopulmonary system,the liver,the kidneys,the immune system,and leads to better survival from sepsis.Thompson et al.reviewed the underlying mechanisms in trauma induced sepsis,which can be concluded as an imbalance of immune response triggered by damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)and other immune modifying agents.They also emphasize immunomodulation as a better therapeutic strategy that might be a potential benefit in regulating the host immune response.Fan et al.have revealed a crucial mechanism underlying lung epithelial and macrophage crosstalk,which involves IL-25 as a mediator.After the injury,lung epithelial secreted IL-25 promotes TNF-αproduction in macrophage leading to acute lung injury(ALI).In addition to a mountain of cytokines,mitochondrial dysfunction in immune cell is another critical risk factor for immune dysfunction during sepsis.Both morphology and function alterations in mitochondria are closely associated with inadequate ATP production,insufficient metabolism process and overloaded ROS production,which lead harm to immune cells and other tissues by triggering oxidative stress.All the above reports discussed mechanisms of sepsis induction after trauma and provided evidence to improve better therapy strategies targeting diverse risk factors.
文摘To investigate the effects of long-term low dose hormone replacement therapy （HRT） on postmenopaosal women in homone level, cognition score, hippocampus volume, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy （MRS） parameters. Methods A total of 182 postmenopausal women aged 50-87 years were chosen at Peking Union Medical College Hospital and assigned to HRT group and control group. The volunteers of HRT group had taken low dose hormone [ estradiol （E2 ） 0. 5-1.0 mg and progesterone 0.5-2.0 mg, once a day ] for 4-33 years. The concentrations of E2, progesterone, and testosterone were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The gene types of apolipoprotein E （ApoE） were measured by polymerase chain reaction, and the subjects with susceptible genes （ ApoE ε3/ε4） of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） were screened. Their hippocampus volumes and MRS parameters were obtained through magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and results in two groups were analyzed by statistical method. Results Compared with control group, the concentrations of E2 at each age stage in HRT group were significantly higher （P 〈0. 05） except the 80-89 years old subgroup; yet, there were no statistical differences in the concentrations of progesterone and testosterone between the two groups. There was no obvious difference in ApoE subtypes distribution between the two groups The results of hippocampus MRI for the subjects with susceptible genes ApoE ε3/ε4 （HRT group 14 cases, control group 11 cases） showed that the ratio of bilateral hippocampus volume to whole brain volume in HRT group （0. 406 ± 0.028） was signiticantlyhigher than control gronp （0.369±0.031, P〈0.05）. Theresults of ^1H MRS for the subjects with susceptible genes ApoE ε3/ε4 （ HRT group 12 cases, control group 11 cases） showed that the N-acetylaspartate/total creatine at the area of hippocampus in HRT group （ 1.54±0. 08 ） were significantly higher than control group （ 1.45±0. 13, P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusions For postmenopausal women, long-term low dose HRT can maintain the physiological concentration of E2 in plasma. Furthermore, the hippocampus MRI performed on those with ApoE ε3/ε3 genes shows that long-term low dose HRT can prevent hippocampus atrophy, which is beneficial to maintain the brain function and prevent AD.
基金Supported by the Key Basic Research and Development Project of National "973" Program of China (G200057008) the Foundation for University Leading Teachers Sponsored by the Ministry of Education of China, and by Funds for Key Natural Science Research of
文摘Objective: To investigate the relationship between estrogen receptor(ER) gene and the clinical indexes associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: By means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), we analyzed ER gene polymorphism in 84 CHD patients and 61 healthy subjects and non-CHD inpatients. The clinical indexes associated with CHD were analyzed in relation to the three ER genotypes. Results: There were significant differences in the incidence of hypertension (58.62%), fibrinogen (Fib) concentration (3.5±0.8 g/L), body mass index (BMI, 25.1±3.2), HDL-C concentration (1.0±0.2 mmol/L) between PP genotype group and other genotype groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: ER gene polymorphism may affect ER-mediated cardiovascular protective effect by modulating the expression of ER.
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to determine if isoflavone genistien has protective effects against high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in human aortic endlthelial cells, and investigate the possible mechanism for this protection. Methods Human aortic endothelial cells subjected to normal (5mmol/L) or high glucose (25mmol/L) were treated with genistein at 0, 50, 100nmol/L. Parallel experiments were performed with 100nM 17b-estradiol, and also in the presence and absence of the pure anti-estrogen ICI-182,780 (100nmol/L). The effects on cell apoptotic DNA fragmentation were determined using cell death ELISA, and the effects on cellular proliferation were determined using tritiated thymidine incorporation assay. Estrogen receptor expression was detected by Taqman quantitative PCR. Results Genistein at 100nmol/L significantly reduced high glucose-induced DNA fragmentation, and reversed cell DNA synthesis inhibition (P <0.001) after 24 hours' incubation. The effect of genistein was completely blocked by ICI-182,780 administration. Estrogen receptor beta, but not alpha was found to be expressed in these cells. Conclusion Isoflavone genistein shows protection against high glucose-induced cell damage through estrogen receptor beta, reducing apoptotic DNA damage and protecting from the inhibition of cell proliferation.
文摘The specific bindings of estrogen,progestin and androgen were determined inthe cytosol fraction of myomatous,adenomyotic and postmenopausal uterine tissues andof the normal endometrium and myometrium as well.It was found that theconcentrations of estrogen,progestin and androgen cytosol receptors were significantlyhigher in myomatous tissue than in normal myometrium;there was also an obvious differ-ence of the concentration of the sex steroid receptors between normal endometrium andadenomyotic tissue;and the uterine tissues of postmenopausal women still retained highlevels of these sex steroid receptors.In addition,the regulation of sex steroids in thepathogenesis of myoma and adenomyosis is discussed.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China No. 39600169, Guangdong Natural Science Foundation No. 950845 and Key Item ofGuangdong Nat
文摘Objective: To assess the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on plasma lipid levels and hormone levels in postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 108 Chinese postmenopausal women with hyperlipodemia (mean age (65.3±0.7) years) were randomly divided into 3 groups (group Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ). Patients in group Ⅰ received exclusive estrogen therapy (Premarin), those in group Ⅱ received combined therapy with estrogen and progestrone (Livial), and those in group Ⅲ were treated with placebo. At the end of 3 and 6 months of the therapy, the serum sex hormone and lipid levels were determined and compared with the baseline levels. Results: After 6 months’ therapy, in group Ⅰ, a statistically significant (P < 0.01) decrease or increase vs the baseline was observed in serum lipid levels: the tatal cholesteror (TC) dropped by 12.8%, triglyceride (TG) by 17%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) by 29%, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch) was elevated by 14.6%. In group Ⅱ, TC levels was decreased by 8.7%, TG by 15.6%, LDL-ch by 33% and HDL-ch by 28.3%. The serum estradiol (E2) levels in both group Ⅰ and Ⅱ was increased significantly (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) benefits the lipoprotein metabolism in postmenopausal women with hyperlipodemia but when progestational is added to the ERT, the beneficial effect of estrogen on blood lipids was reduced.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.39870300)
文摘Objective: To study the inhibition effects of estrogen on the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental cells. Methods: Primary cultured placental cells were treated by ICI182, 780, a complete ER antagonist , and Tamoxifen, an ERa-mixed agonist/antagonist and ERβ antagonist for 24 h. The supernatant was havested for the radioimmunoassay of CRH. Results: 17β-estradiol inhibited the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental (P<0.05). ICI182, 780 stimulated the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental (P<0.05). Conclusion: Estrogen represses the synthesis and secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human placental, which is possibly mediated by ERa.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of estrogen estrogen treatment on arterial neointimal pro liferation induced by balloon injury of bled vessels in rabbit. Methods: Fifty female rabbits were were divided into 5 groups (groups A, B, C, D and E, 10 in each group). Rabbits in group A, B, C and D underwent ovariectomy and 1 month later, the abdominal arteries of the rabbits in all the groups underwent balloon injury Rabbits in groups B, C, D re ceived intramusular injection of 17 β-estradiol cypionate 2, 20, l00 μg’ kg-1’ d-1 respectively, beginning 1 d before till 3 d after balloon injury (5 in each group) or till 3 weeks ther balloon injury (the other 5 in each group). Those in group A and E received no estrogen. Inhibition of cell proliferation by estrogen was evaluated by incorporation of tritiated thymidine in vitro into the rabbit abdominal aorta 3 d for balloon injury. Morphological sodes were performed to detendne the inti mal tiickness 21 d ther injury. Results: Estradiol treatment significantly inhibited the myointimal thickening in vivo and thymidine incorporation (P < 0.01) in mied vessels vessels in the rabbits undergoing balloon balloon injury in the abdominal ar teries. Conclusion: Inhibitory effect of estradiol on balloon injury-induced arterial neointimal hyperolasia may be mediated by inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and estrogen replacement therapy may be a new approach to pre vent restenosis.
文摘To explore the role of estrogen in the development of muscle inflammation,especially in the intramuscular T cell response,and the influence on the intrinsic immuno-behaviors of myofibers,We established a mouse model of muscle injury by injecting i.m.CTX into the tibialis anterior(TA).Injection s.c.of 17βestradiol(E2)or estrogen receptor antagonist 4-OHT or ovariectomy(OVX),was used to change estrogen level of animal models in vivo.Gene levels of cytokines/chemokines were monitored by qPCR.Macrophage and T cell phenotypes were analyzed by FACS.
文摘The prognostic value of estrogen and/or ER on female pa tients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is rarely reported.Current study was undertaken to elucidate the associations of serum estradiol level,tissue estrogen receptor alpha(ERa)and estrogen receptor beta(ERβ)expression with clinical response and reproductive factor changes in 387 female ESCC patients.A genome-wide association study on 3921 ESCC patients using 40 SNPs(P≤1×10^(-7))demonstrated that rsl SNP with AA,GG or GA genotype was significantly difference(X^(2)=12.258,8.399,6.671;P=0.002,0.015,0.036)on overall survival.
