Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extens...Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of small size,high multiplexing efficiency,convenient mass production,and low cost.An RGB beam combiner based on directional couplers is designed,with a core-cladding relative refractive index difference of 0.75%.The RGB beam combiner is optimized from the perspective of parameter optimization.Using the beam propagation method(BPM),the relationship between the performance of the RGB beam combiner and individual parameters is studied,achieving preliminary optimization of the device’s performance.The key parameters of the RGB beam combiner are optimized using the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution TOPSIS method,establishing the optimal parameter scheme and further improving the device’s performance indicators.The results show that after optimization,the multiplexing efficiencies for red,green,and blue lights,as well as the average multiplexing efficiency,reached 99.17%,99.76%,96.63%and 98.52%,respectively.The size of the RGB beam combiner is 4.768 mm×0.062 mm.展开更多
This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
In order to evaluate the quality of water environment, the conception of entropy is applied in information science, and the entropy weight model is built to evaluate comprehensively water quality. The indexes weights ...In order to evaluate the quality of water environment, the conception of entropy is applied in information science, and the entropy weight model is built to evaluate comprehensively water quality. The indexes weights of water quality are determined by value of entropy. This kind of method is applied on evaluating water quality in the new water to be built. The result shows that the water quality in it which supply water is between grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ, and the result is similar to that of gray related method.展开更多
交叉熵法可显著加速电网可靠性评估,但往往聚焦于独立随机变量,若将其拓展至相关性变量可进一步提升加速性能。为有效获取相关性变量的重要抽样密度函数以实现其重要抽样,针对相关性建模中广泛使用的核密度估计模型(kernel density esti...交叉熵法可显著加速电网可靠性评估,但往往聚焦于独立随机变量,若将其拓展至相关性变量可进一步提升加速性能。为有效获取相关性变量的重要抽样密度函数以实现其重要抽样,针对相关性建模中广泛使用的核密度估计模型(kernel density estimation,KDE)开展了交叉熵优化研究。因KDE模型不属于指数分布家族,传统交叉熵优化难以实施,故利用复合抽样算法特点提出了新颖的直接交叉熵优化方法,推导出KDE模型最优权重参数的解析表达式。因权重参数数量级较小,直接优化易导致准确性退化,故基于子集模拟思想进一步提出间接交叉熵优化方法,将较小的权重参数优化转换成较大的条件概率优化,提升了优化准确性。通过MRTS79和MRTS96可靠性测试系统的评估分析,验证了所提方法在含相关性变量电网可靠性评估中的高效加速性能。展开更多
氢电混动汽车(fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles,FCHEV)的出现有效促进了能源-交通系统的绿色低碳转型。现阶段关于FCHEV的研究主要集中在能量管理和控制策略上,较少关注灵活性潜力评估方面,为此,提出了一种计及车主充能意愿差异性的...氢电混动汽车(fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles,FCHEV)的出现有效促进了能源-交通系统的绿色低碳转型。现阶段关于FCHEV的研究主要集中在能量管理和控制策略上,较少关注灵活性潜力评估方面,为此,提出了一种计及车主充能意愿差异性的FCHEV集群灵活性潜力评估方法。首先,建立城市交通路网模型模拟FCHEV的出行特征,进而建立单体FCHEV充能模型;其次,利用改进层次分析法并结合熵权法建立车主充能意愿综合评价体系,并综合考虑禀赋效应和环保意识对车主响应意愿度的影响;最后,建立FCHEV集群灵活性潜力评估模型,求解得出潜力评估结果。仿真结果表明,所提方法在评估过程中能够合理刻画车主充能意愿的差异性,并有效提高集群参与优化调度时系统的灵活性。展开更多
面向规模化屋顶光伏接入配电网急需进行有序控制的现状,提出了一种考虑源荷匹配特性的屋顶光伏并网的综合排序方法。首先,综合考虑负荷与光伏协调特性等需求,设计了兼顾光伏业主侧、电网侧和用电用户侧需求的综合评价指标体系;其次,提...面向规模化屋顶光伏接入配电网急需进行有序控制的现状,提出了一种考虑源荷匹配特性的屋顶光伏并网的综合排序方法。首先,综合考虑负荷与光伏协调特性等需求,设计了兼顾光伏业主侧、电网侧和用电用户侧需求的综合评价指标体系;其次,提出了一种基于改进层次分析法(improved analytic hierarchy process,IAHP)-改进反熵权法(improved anti-entropy method,IAM)-博弈组合赋权法-改进逼近理想解法(improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,improved TOPSIS)的评价方法,先根据改进的层次分析法进行主观赋权,同时考虑到指标间的相关性和波动性,采用所提改进反熵权法确定各指标的客观权重,再基于博弈论思想获取综合权重,以确保权重的合理性,然后,为提高各方案的整体区分度,采用所提改进逼近理想解法对屋顶光伏接入方案进行排序。最后,以IEEE 33节点系统为例,在MATLAB平台验证了所提指标体系和排序方法的有效性。展开更多
基金Project(52175445)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022JJ30743)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Project(2023GK2024)supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2023ZZTS0391)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China。
文摘Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of small size,high multiplexing efficiency,convenient mass production,and low cost.An RGB beam combiner based on directional couplers is designed,with a core-cladding relative refractive index difference of 0.75%.The RGB beam combiner is optimized from the perspective of parameter optimization.Using the beam propagation method(BPM),the relationship between the performance of the RGB beam combiner and individual parameters is studied,achieving preliminary optimization of the device’s performance.The key parameters of the RGB beam combiner are optimized using the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution TOPSIS method,establishing the optimal parameter scheme and further improving the device’s performance indicators.The results show that after optimization,the multiplexing efficiencies for red,green,and blue lights,as well as the average multiplexing efficiency,reached 99.17%,99.76%,96.63%and 98.52%,respectively.The size of the RGB beam combiner is 4.768 mm×0.062 mm.
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
文摘In order to evaluate the quality of water environment, the conception of entropy is applied in information science, and the entropy weight model is built to evaluate comprehensively water quality. The indexes weights of water quality are determined by value of entropy. This kind of method is applied on evaluating water quality in the new water to be built. The result shows that the water quality in it which supply water is between grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ, and the result is similar to that of gray related method.
文摘交叉熵法可显著加速电网可靠性评估,但往往聚焦于独立随机变量,若将其拓展至相关性变量可进一步提升加速性能。为有效获取相关性变量的重要抽样密度函数以实现其重要抽样,针对相关性建模中广泛使用的核密度估计模型(kernel density estimation,KDE)开展了交叉熵优化研究。因KDE模型不属于指数分布家族,传统交叉熵优化难以实施,故利用复合抽样算法特点提出了新颖的直接交叉熵优化方法,推导出KDE模型最优权重参数的解析表达式。因权重参数数量级较小,直接优化易导致准确性退化,故基于子集模拟思想进一步提出间接交叉熵优化方法,将较小的权重参数优化转换成较大的条件概率优化,提升了优化准确性。通过MRTS79和MRTS96可靠性测试系统的评估分析,验证了所提方法在含相关性变量电网可靠性评估中的高效加速性能。
文摘氢电混动汽车(fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles,FCHEV)的出现有效促进了能源-交通系统的绿色低碳转型。现阶段关于FCHEV的研究主要集中在能量管理和控制策略上,较少关注灵活性潜力评估方面,为此,提出了一种计及车主充能意愿差异性的FCHEV集群灵活性潜力评估方法。首先,建立城市交通路网模型模拟FCHEV的出行特征,进而建立单体FCHEV充能模型;其次,利用改进层次分析法并结合熵权法建立车主充能意愿综合评价体系,并综合考虑禀赋效应和环保意识对车主响应意愿度的影响;最后,建立FCHEV集群灵活性潜力评估模型,求解得出潜力评估结果。仿真结果表明,所提方法在评估过程中能够合理刻画车主充能意愿的差异性,并有效提高集群参与优化调度时系统的灵活性。
文摘面向规模化屋顶光伏接入配电网急需进行有序控制的现状,提出了一种考虑源荷匹配特性的屋顶光伏并网的综合排序方法。首先,综合考虑负荷与光伏协调特性等需求,设计了兼顾光伏业主侧、电网侧和用电用户侧需求的综合评价指标体系;其次,提出了一种基于改进层次分析法(improved analytic hierarchy process,IAHP)-改进反熵权法(improved anti-entropy method,IAM)-博弈组合赋权法-改进逼近理想解法(improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,improved TOPSIS)的评价方法,先根据改进的层次分析法进行主观赋权,同时考虑到指标间的相关性和波动性,采用所提改进反熵权法确定各指标的客观权重,再基于博弈论思想获取综合权重,以确保权重的合理性,然后,为提高各方案的整体区分度,采用所提改进逼近理想解法对屋顶光伏接入方案进行排序。最后,以IEEE 33节点系统为例,在MATLAB平台验证了所提指标体系和排序方法的有效性。
