In China,a new "Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings (for cold region)" was introduced in 2006. In this new standard,more high level insulation of the building envelope is required,...In China,a new "Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings (for cold region)" was introduced in 2006. In this new standard,more high level insulation of the building envelope is required,yearly energy requirement for heating must be less than 55 kWh/(m2·a)(regarded as a low-energy house). The new attempt was carried out in the process of architecture design with an evaluation on energy consumption of the building. The design plan was brought forward and compared. PHPP software from German was applied to calculate energy consumption of the passive residential building. The optimum design planning was discussed and model of passive house suited to China's national conditions were attempted. The compactness,solar air collector and the window-wall ratio have essential influence on the energy consumption of buildings. The annual heat demands for the buildings with the window-wall ratio 0.35 and 0.50 are 48 kWh/(m2·a) and 46 kWh/(m2·a),respectively. The yearly auxiliary heat of building with the wall-mounted solar air collectors and the window-wall ratio 0.35 is just 4.8 kWh/(m2·a).展开更多
面向代码的软件能耗优化从程序设计和编码角度优化软件系统的能耗,能够很好地弥补面向硬件和面向资源的能耗优化方法过多依赖硬件环境、普适性较差、粒度过大,且难以在软件开发过程中应用等缺点.该文综述了近年来面向代码软件能耗优化...面向代码的软件能耗优化从程序设计和编码角度优化软件系统的能耗,能够很好地弥补面向硬件和面向资源的能耗优化方法过多依赖硬件环境、普适性较差、粒度过大,且难以在软件开发过程中应用等缺点.该文综述了近年来面向代码软件能耗优化领域的主要研究成果,总结了能耗优化的基本方法和技术层次以及面向代码的软件能耗优化基本思路;随后从面向代码的软件能耗估算方法和优化方法两个方面对现有工作加以梳理,逐一介绍了相关优化工具.该文提出了若干进一步研究的问题.首先,该文重定义面向代码的软件能耗评估模型和方法应该满足的特性,并提出代码的运行时能耗(Runtime Energy Consumption)和视在能耗(Apparent Energy Consumption)的概念;其次,该文认为现有面向代码的能耗优化技术过于具体,或针对具体的代码,或针对具体的功能,缺乏抽象层次的优化技术,缺乏算法层面的能耗优化方法,且没有充分考虑编程语言特征,尤其是面向对象语言特征;最后,该文提出算法能耗复杂度这一新观点,指出仍然存在的问题和可能的解决办法.展开更多
基金Project(50778032) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2006BAA04B04) supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program During 11th-Five-year Plan of ChinaProject(JN-200912) supported by Open Fund of Key Laboratory in Liaoning Province’s Universities,China
文摘In China,a new "Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings (for cold region)" was introduced in 2006. In this new standard,more high level insulation of the building envelope is required,yearly energy requirement for heating must be less than 55 kWh/(m2·a)(regarded as a low-energy house). The new attempt was carried out in the process of architecture design with an evaluation on energy consumption of the building. The design plan was brought forward and compared. PHPP software from German was applied to calculate energy consumption of the passive residential building. The optimum design planning was discussed and model of passive house suited to China's national conditions were attempted. The compactness,solar air collector and the window-wall ratio have essential influence on the energy consumption of buildings. The annual heat demands for the buildings with the window-wall ratio 0.35 and 0.50 are 48 kWh/(m2·a) and 46 kWh/(m2·a),respectively. The yearly auxiliary heat of building with the wall-mounted solar air collectors and the window-wall ratio 0.35 is just 4.8 kWh/(m2·a).
文摘面向代码的软件能耗优化从程序设计和编码角度优化软件系统的能耗,能够很好地弥补面向硬件和面向资源的能耗优化方法过多依赖硬件环境、普适性较差、粒度过大,且难以在软件开发过程中应用等缺点.该文综述了近年来面向代码软件能耗优化领域的主要研究成果,总结了能耗优化的基本方法和技术层次以及面向代码的软件能耗优化基本思路;随后从面向代码的软件能耗估算方法和优化方法两个方面对现有工作加以梳理,逐一介绍了相关优化工具.该文提出了若干进一步研究的问题.首先,该文重定义面向代码的软件能耗评估模型和方法应该满足的特性,并提出代码的运行时能耗(Runtime Energy Consumption)和视在能耗(Apparent Energy Consumption)的概念;其次,该文认为现有面向代码的能耗优化技术过于具体,或针对具体的代码,或针对具体的功能,缺乏抽象层次的优化技术,缺乏算法层面的能耗优化方法,且没有充分考虑编程语言特征,尤其是面向对象语言特征;最后,该文提出算法能耗复杂度这一新观点,指出仍然存在的问题和可能的解决办法.
