One of the most important methods that finds usefulness in various applications, such as searching historical manuscripts, forensic search, bank check reading, mail sorting, book and handwritten notes transcription, i...One of the most important methods that finds usefulness in various applications, such as searching historical manuscripts, forensic search, bank check reading, mail sorting, book and handwritten notes transcription, is handwritten character recognition. The common issues in the character recognition are often due to different writing styles, orientation angle, size variation(regarding length and height), etc. This study presents a classification model using a hybrid classifier for the character recognition by combining holoentropy enabled decision tree(HDT) and deep neural network(DNN). In feature extraction, the local gradient features that include histogram oriented gabor feature and grid level feature, and grey level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM) features are extracted. Then, the extracted features are concatenated to encode shape, color, texture, local and statistical information, for the recognition of characters in the image by applying the extracted features to the hybrid classifier. In the experimental analysis, recognition accuracy of 96% is achieved. Thus, it can be suggested that the proposed model intends to provide more accurate character recognition rate compared to that of character recognition techniques used in the literature.展开更多
Notch proteins are transmembrane receptors which can transduce signals between cells.Upon binding to their ligands on the neighboring cells,notch receptors can be activated and undergo conformational changes which ena...Notch proteins are transmembrane receptors which can transduce signals between cells.Upon binding to their ligands on the neighboring cells,notch receptors can be activated and undergo conformational changes which enable their proteolysis by ADAM-family of metalloproteases<sup>[1]</sup>.The cleavage site of notch protein located on its hetrodimerizaton domain（HD）of the negative regulatory region（NRR）proximal to the N-terminal of the transmembrane helix.Recent crystal structures on several notch proteins<sup>[2-4]</sup>indicated that a series of three Lin12/Notch repeats（LNRs）wrap around the HD and bury the cleavage site to prevent it from proteolysis at the normal conditions without ligand binding.Studies indicated that notch/ligand binding may al-展开更多
The immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,not all cancer types are susceptible to this therapy.Even in melanoma,one of the best scenario,about half of the patients do not respond to im...The immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,not all cancer types are susceptible to this therapy.Even in melanoma,one of the best scenario,about half of the patients do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade.Since CD8+T cell is the main driving force behind cancer elimination,then having a complete and competent T cell repertoire to cover all possible cancer antigens expressed by cancer cells should be a determining factor to the success of this therapy.Conversely,if there are'holes'in patients’T cell repertoire and/or'weak spots'manifested as functional dysregulation or exhaustion on T cells specific to a set of cancer antigens that dominantly expressed by cancer cells,cancer immune escape is inevitable.However,these two types of cancer immune escape might need different treatment strategies:the first group with'holes'in the T cell repertoire,whether the'holes'are taking on a form of missing T cells to cover these cancer antigens or missing high-affinity TCRs that are known to be more sensitive to antigen stimulation,would be benefited from TCR re-directed adoptive cell transfer(ACT)therapy;the other group with T cell repertoire'weak spots'would be benefited from immune checkpoint blockade alone or in combination with additional stimulatory factors such as cytokines and peptide vaccine.In the past decade,we have developed several tools to profile the T cell repertoire from T cell receptor diversity to T cell receptor affinity to high-throughput linking antigen specificity to single T cell receptor sequences in large scale.In this talk,I will first introduce these tools and then give examples on how we use them to answer some of the fundamental questions in systems immunology with a focus on cancer immunology,which in turn help us design new therapeutics immune engineering.展开更多
Special Issue on Plant-Microbe Interactions aBIOTECH is a new journal that publishes amazing, awesome, and advanced research in areas of biotechnology, agricultural sciences, plant biology, and other relevant biologic...Special Issue on Plant-Microbe Interactions aBIOTECH is a new journal that publishes amazing, awesome, and advanced research in areas of biotechnology, agricultural sciences, plant biology, and other relevant biological sciences. We encourage submissions of technological advancements and fundamental findings that enable further innovations and discoveries.展开更多
Practical Tools for Patient-specific Characterization and Dosimetry of Radiopharmaceutical Extravasation Extravasation during radiopharmaceutical injection may occur with a frequency of more than 10%.In these cases,ra...Practical Tools for Patient-specific Characterization and Dosimetry of Radiopharmaceutical Extravasation Extravasation during radiopharmaceutical injection may occur with a frequency of more than 10%.In these cases,radioactivity remains within tissue and deposits unintended radiation dose.Characterization of extravasations is a necessary step in accurate dosimetry,but a lack of free and publicly available tools hampers routine standardized analysis.Our objective was to improve existing extravasation characterization and dosimetry methods and to create and validate tools to facilitate standardized practical dosimetric analysis in clinical settings.Using Monte Carlo simulations,we calculated dosimetric values for sixteen nuclear medicine isotopes:^(11 )C,^(64) Cu,^(18) F,^(67 )Ga,^(68) Ga,^(123) I,^(131) I,111 In,177 Lu,13 N,15 O,82 Rb,153 Sm,89 Sr,99m Tc,and 90 Y.We validated our simulation results against five logical alternative dose assessment methods.We then created three new characterization tools:a worksheet,a spreadsheet,and a web application.We assessed each tool by recalculating extravasation dosimetry results found in the literature and used each of the tools for patient cases to show clinical practicality.Average variation between our simulation results and alternative methods was 3.1%.Recalculation of published dosimetry results indicated an average error of 7.9%.Time required to use each characterization tool ranged from 1 to 5 min,and agreement between the three tools was favorable.We improved upon existing methods by creating new tools for characterization and dosimetry of radiopharmaceutical extravasation.These free and publicly available tools will enable standardized routine clinical analysis and benefit patient care,clinical follow-up,documentation,and event reporting.展开更多
文摘One of the most important methods that finds usefulness in various applications, such as searching historical manuscripts, forensic search, bank check reading, mail sorting, book and handwritten notes transcription, is handwritten character recognition. The common issues in the character recognition are often due to different writing styles, orientation angle, size variation(regarding length and height), etc. This study presents a classification model using a hybrid classifier for the character recognition by combining holoentropy enabled decision tree(HDT) and deep neural network(DNN). In feature extraction, the local gradient features that include histogram oriented gabor feature and grid level feature, and grey level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM) features are extracted. Then, the extracted features are concatenated to encode shape, color, texture, local and statistical information, for the recognition of characters in the image by applying the extracted features to the hybrid classifier. In the experimental analysis, recognition accuracy of 96% is achieved. Thus, it can be suggested that the proposed model intends to provide more accurate character recognition rate compared to that of character recognition techniques used in the literature.
基金supported by grants from Natural Science Foundations of China(31070827, 31222022,and 81161120424)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciens
文摘Notch proteins are transmembrane receptors which can transduce signals between cells.Upon binding to their ligands on the neighboring cells,notch receptors can be activated and undergo conformational changes which enable their proteolysis by ADAM-family of metalloproteases<sup>[1]</sup>.The cleavage site of notch protein located on its hetrodimerizaton domain（HD）of the negative regulatory region（NRR）proximal to the N-terminal of the transmembrane helix.Recent crystal structures on several notch proteins<sup>[2-4]</sup>indicated that a series of three Lin12/Notch repeats（LNRs）wrap around the HD and bury the cleavage site to prevent it from proteolysis at the normal conditions without ligand binding.Studies indicated that notch/ligand binding may al-
文摘The immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,not all cancer types are susceptible to this therapy.Even in melanoma,one of the best scenario,about half of the patients do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade.Since CD8+T cell is the main driving force behind cancer elimination,then having a complete and competent T cell repertoire to cover all possible cancer antigens expressed by cancer cells should be a determining factor to the success of this therapy.Conversely,if there are'holes'in patients’T cell repertoire and/or'weak spots'manifested as functional dysregulation or exhaustion on T cells specific to a set of cancer antigens that dominantly expressed by cancer cells,cancer immune escape is inevitable.However,these two types of cancer immune escape might need different treatment strategies:the first group with'holes'in the T cell repertoire,whether the'holes'are taking on a form of missing T cells to cover these cancer antigens or missing high-affinity TCRs that are known to be more sensitive to antigen stimulation,would be benefited from TCR re-directed adoptive cell transfer(ACT)therapy;the other group with T cell repertoire'weak spots'would be benefited from immune checkpoint blockade alone or in combination with additional stimulatory factors such as cytokines and peptide vaccine.In the past decade,we have developed several tools to profile the T cell repertoire from T cell receptor diversity to T cell receptor affinity to high-throughput linking antigen specificity to single T cell receptor sequences in large scale.In this talk,I will first introduce these tools and then give examples on how we use them to answer some of the fundamental questions in systems immunology with a focus on cancer immunology,which in turn help us design new therapeutics immune engineering.
文摘Special Issue on Plant-Microbe Interactions aBIOTECH is a new journal that publishes amazing, awesome, and advanced research in areas of biotechnology, agricultural sciences, plant biology, and other relevant biological sciences. We encourage submissions of technological advancements and fundamental findings that enable further innovations and discoveries.
文摘Practical Tools for Patient-specific Characterization and Dosimetry of Radiopharmaceutical Extravasation Extravasation during radiopharmaceutical injection may occur with a frequency of more than 10%.In these cases,radioactivity remains within tissue and deposits unintended radiation dose.Characterization of extravasations is a necessary step in accurate dosimetry,but a lack of free and publicly available tools hampers routine standardized analysis.Our objective was to improve existing extravasation characterization and dosimetry methods and to create and validate tools to facilitate standardized practical dosimetric analysis in clinical settings.Using Monte Carlo simulations,we calculated dosimetric values for sixteen nuclear medicine isotopes:^(11 )C,^(64) Cu,^(18) F,^(67 )Ga,^(68) Ga,^(123) I,^(131) I,111 In,177 Lu,13 N,15 O,82 Rb,153 Sm,89 Sr,99m Tc,and 90 Y.We validated our simulation results against five logical alternative dose assessment methods.We then created three new characterization tools:a worksheet,a spreadsheet,and a web application.We assessed each tool by recalculating extravasation dosimetry results found in the literature and used each of the tools for patient cases to show clinical practicality.Average variation between our simulation results and alternative methods was 3.1%.Recalculation of published dosimetry results indicated an average error of 7.9%.Time required to use each characterization tool ranged from 1 to 5 min,and agreement between the three tools was favorable.We improved upon existing methods by creating new tools for characterization and dosimetry of radiopharmaceutical extravasation.These free and publicly available tools will enable standardized routine clinical analysis and benefit patient care,clinical follow-up,documentation,and event reporting.
