Modelling and simulation of projectile flight is at the core of ballistic computer software and is essential to the study of performance of rifles and projectiles in various engagement conditions.An effective and repr...Modelling and simulation of projectile flight is at the core of ballistic computer software and is essential to the study of performance of rifles and projectiles in various engagement conditions.An effective and representative numerical model of projectile flight requires a relatively good approximation of the aerodynamics.The aerodynamic coefficients of the projectile model should be described as a series of piecewise polynomial functions of the Mach number that ideally meet the following conditions:they are continuous,differentiable at least once,and have a relatively low degree.The paper provides the steps needed to generate such piecewise polynomial functions using readily available tools,and then compares Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial(PCHIP),cubic splines,and piecewise linear functions,and their variant,as potential curve fitting methods to approximate the aerodynamics of a generic small arms projectile.A key contribution of the paper is the application of PCHIP to the approximation of projectile aerodynamics,and its evaluation against a set of criteria.Finally,the paper provides a baseline assessment of the impact of the polynomial functions on flight trajectory predictions obtained with 6-degree-of-freedom simulations of a generic projectile.展开更多
GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System)模式动力框架中垂直方向变量的跳层设置采用Charney-Phillips分布,在整层上进行位温、水物质的计算,物理过程中在半层上对其进行处理。这样在GRAPES模式中,进入物理过程之...GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System)模式动力框架中垂直方向变量的跳层设置采用Charney-Phillips分布,在整层上进行位温、水物质的计算,物理过程中在半层上对其进行处理。这样在GRAPES模式中,进入物理过程之前和物理过程计算完毕之后,都要采用线性插值进行整层和半层之间物理量的转换。由于线性插值精度欠佳,为提高上述反馈过程的精度,并保证水物质的正定性。该研究引入样条插值,并在水物质的插值过程中进行保单调处理,有效减小了位温场、水物质场的预报偏差,并提升了模式的综合预报性能。展开更多
红边(REP)是绿色植物叶子光谱曲线在680nm～740nm之间变化率最快的点,也是一阶导数光谱在该区间内的拐点。本文总结了红边参数的种类,红边在植物种类的识别、植物时相的识别、植物生物参数估测和植物生长状况监测等方面的应用,并介绍了...红边(REP)是绿色植物叶子光谱曲线在680nm～740nm之间变化率最快的点,也是一阶导数光谱在该区间内的拐点。本文总结了红边参数的种类,红边在植物种类的识别、植物时相的识别、植物生物参数估测和植物生长状况监测等方面的应用,并介绍了红边参数其适用范围和使用方法等,阐述了红边在植被研究中的重要性,分析了植被红边技术的发展方向和应用前景;同时总结了线性内插模型、反高斯模型、拉格朗日模型、多项式模型和有理函数新模型等五种红边定量分析方法及应用,以及它们的适用范围等,并介绍了G.V.G.BARANOS-KI and J.G.ROKNE采用有理函数新模型分析过程以确定红边位置的"新"方法。展开更多
文摘Modelling and simulation of projectile flight is at the core of ballistic computer software and is essential to the study of performance of rifles and projectiles in various engagement conditions.An effective and representative numerical model of projectile flight requires a relatively good approximation of the aerodynamics.The aerodynamic coefficients of the projectile model should be described as a series of piecewise polynomial functions of the Mach number that ideally meet the following conditions:they are continuous,differentiable at least once,and have a relatively low degree.The paper provides the steps needed to generate such piecewise polynomial functions using readily available tools,and then compares Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial(PCHIP),cubic splines,and piecewise linear functions,and their variant,as potential curve fitting methods to approximate the aerodynamics of a generic small arms projectile.A key contribution of the paper is the application of PCHIP to the approximation of projectile aerodynamics,and its evaluation against a set of criteria.Finally,the paper provides a baseline assessment of the impact of the polynomial functions on flight trajectory predictions obtained with 6-degree-of-freedom simulations of a generic projectile.
文摘GRAPES(Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System)模式动力框架中垂直方向变量的跳层设置采用Charney-Phillips分布,在整层上进行位温、水物质的计算,物理过程中在半层上对其进行处理。这样在GRAPES模式中,进入物理过程之前和物理过程计算完毕之后,都要采用线性插值进行整层和半层之间物理量的转换。由于线性插值精度欠佳,为提高上述反馈过程的精度,并保证水物质的正定性。该研究引入样条插值,并在水物质的插值过程中进行保单调处理,有效减小了位温场、水物质场的预报偏差,并提升了模式的综合预报性能。
文摘红边(REP)是绿色植物叶子光谱曲线在680nm～740nm之间变化率最快的点,也是一阶导数光谱在该区间内的拐点。本文总结了红边参数的种类,红边在植物种类的识别、植物时相的识别、植物生物参数估测和植物生长状况监测等方面的应用,并介绍了红边参数其适用范围和使用方法等,阐述了红边在植被研究中的重要性,分析了植被红边技术的发展方向和应用前景;同时总结了线性内插模型、反高斯模型、拉格朗日模型、多项式模型和有理函数新模型等五种红边定量分析方法及应用,以及它们的适用范围等,并介绍了G.V.G.BARANOS-KI and J.G.ROKNE采用有理函数新模型分析过程以确定红边位置的"新"方法。
