Unbound granular material specifications for road pavements in Australia are primarily based on physical material specification rather than mechanical characterisation. This simplified approach does not reflect the ac...Unbound granular material specifications for road pavements in Australia are primarily based on physical material specification rather than mechanical characterisation. This simplified approach does not reflect the actual material performance under repeated dynamic traffic loads. There is a little information available on the influence of the local crushed rock properties and compacted layer properties on permanent deformation (PD). This study aims to characterise the local unbound granular materials in Victoria according to their PD behaviour under repeated loads and to develop a suitable shakedown criterion that could describe the PD of the tested materials to simplify the flexible pavement design. Repeated-load triaxial tests were conducted over several samples with a range of moisture contents, gradations, densities, and stress conditions. The laboratory test results showed that PD behaviour was influenced by several factors. In addition, the tested subbase-specified unbound granular materials reflect high PD resistance that is almost equivalent to basequality unbound granular materials. This may indicate that current requirements for the subbase-quality unbound granular materials are over-prescribe. Moreover, as the existing shakedown criterion was not applicable for the multi-stage repeated-load triaxial test and the local tested materials, a new shakedown criterion and new boundaries are proposed based on the PD behaviour. In the proposed criterion, the shakedown ranges are identified based on the curve angle of the PD vs. logarithm of the number of loading cycles, and this new criterion was validated using several materials from existing literature. The local tested base and subbase materials can be assigned as Range A when PD\1%, Range B when 1%\PD\3%, and Range C when PD[3%. The proposed criterion could provide a useful and quick approach to assess the PD of the unbound granular materials with both single and multistages of stresses.展开更多
Hot deformation is one of the primary methods for fabricating anisotropic rare earth permanent magnets.Firstly,rapidly quenched powder flakes with a nanocrystal structure are condensed into fully dense isotropic precu...Hot deformation is one of the primary methods for fabricating anisotropic rare earth permanent magnets.Firstly,rapidly quenched powder flakes with a nanocrystal structure are condensed into fully dense isotropic precursors using the hot-pressing process.The prepared isotropic precursors are then hot-deformed to produce high-anisotropy uniaxial bulk rare earth permanent magnets and a highly textured structure is produced via this process.The resulting magnets possess many advantages such as near-net-shape,outstanding corrosion resistance,and ultrafine-grain structure.The influence of the preparation parameters utilized in the hot-pressing and deformation processes on the magnetic properties and microstructure of the permanent magnets are systemically summarized in this report.As a near-net-shape technique,the hot deformation process has notable advantages with regard to the production of irregular shapes,especially for radially oriented ringshaped magnets with high length-diameter ratios or thin walls.The difficulties associated with the fabrication of crack-free,homogeneous,and non-decentered ring-shaped magnets are substantially resolved through an emphasis on mold design,adjustment of deformation parameters,and application of theoretical simulation.Considering the characteristics of hotdeformed magnets which include grain shape and size,anisotropic distribution of intergranular phases,etc.,investigation and improvement of the mechanical and electric properties,in addition to thermal stability,with the objective of improving the application of hot-deformed magnets or ring-shaped magnets,is of practical significance.展开更多
To ensure the stability of the high rock slopes of the permanent shiplock of the Three Gorges Project is the key to the successful construction and normal operation of the shiplock. In the course of the slope excavati...To ensure the stability of the high rock slopes of the permanent shiplock of the Three Gorges Project is the key to the successful construction and normal operation of the shiplock. In the course of the slope excavation, effective deformation monitoring, well understanding of the deformation characteristics, and reasonable analyzing and predicting of the deformation trend of the high slopes are important aspects of work for the slope excavation and dynamic design of the shiplock. The optimized design, successful implementation of deformation monitoring and accurate monitoring results are the important guarantee for carrying out the project. The monitoring design of the permanent shiplock was conducted in accordance with the general principles of "laying stress on the key points, considering parts as well as the whole, planning uniformly and conducting in stages". The deformation monitoring system of the permanent shiplocks is composed of survey network for horizontal and vertical displacements, monitoring points, inverted plumb lines, tension wires, extensimeters, etc.展开更多
红层泥岩填料水敏性高,路基状态受含水率影响显著。为研究含水率对红层泥岩填料动力特性的影响,开展了41组动三轴试验,5组压汞(mercury intrusion porosimetry,MIP)试验和3组扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)试验,结果表明:...红层泥岩填料水敏性高,路基状态受含水率影响显著。为研究含水率对红层泥岩填料动力特性的影响,开展了41组动三轴试验,5组压汞(mercury intrusion porosimetry,MIP)试验和3组扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)试验,结果表明:填料等效模量和阻尼比具有应变振幅相关性,可用Hardin-Drnevich双曲线模型表述。随动应力增大,填料累积变形由稳定型向破坏型过渡。含水率影响填料累积变形响应和临界动应力,相同应力水平下干侧填料累积变形明显低于湿侧填料,达到变形限值的振次高于湿侧填料。干侧填料临界动应力大于湿侧,临界动应力随初始吸力增加而增加,可用VG模型表述。从微观结构看,含水率增加将导致填料微观孔隙结构由单峰形态向双峰形态转变,填料组构由密实稳定逐渐向无序松散转变,最终在宏观上表现为干侧填料动力特性优于湿侧填料。填料临界动应力与静强度比值为65%~75%,采用静强度作设计指标将高估路基承载力。推荐采用5.0%~7.0%含水率填料填筑红层泥岩路基。展开更多
文摘Unbound granular material specifications for road pavements in Australia are primarily based on physical material specification rather than mechanical characterisation. This simplified approach does not reflect the actual material performance under repeated dynamic traffic loads. There is a little information available on the influence of the local crushed rock properties and compacted layer properties on permanent deformation (PD). This study aims to characterise the local unbound granular materials in Victoria according to their PD behaviour under repeated loads and to develop a suitable shakedown criterion that could describe the PD of the tested materials to simplify the flexible pavement design. Repeated-load triaxial tests were conducted over several samples with a range of moisture contents, gradations, densities, and stress conditions. The laboratory test results showed that PD behaviour was influenced by several factors. In addition, the tested subbase-specified unbound granular materials reflect high PD resistance that is almost equivalent to basequality unbound granular materials. This may indicate that current requirements for the subbase-quality unbound granular materials are over-prescribe. Moreover, as the existing shakedown criterion was not applicable for the multi-stage repeated-load triaxial test and the local tested materials, a new shakedown criterion and new boundaries are proposed based on the PD behaviour. In the proposed criterion, the shakedown ranges are identified based on the curve angle of the PD vs. logarithm of the number of loading cycles, and this new criterion was validated using several materials from existing literature. The local tested base and subbase materials can be assigned as Range A when PD\1%, Range B when 1%\PD\3%, and Range C when PD[3%. The proposed criterion could provide a useful and quick approach to assess the PD of the unbound granular materials with both single and multistages of stresses.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0700902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51671207,51601207,and 51501213)
文摘Hot deformation is one of the primary methods for fabricating anisotropic rare earth permanent magnets.Firstly,rapidly quenched powder flakes with a nanocrystal structure are condensed into fully dense isotropic precursors using the hot-pressing process.The prepared isotropic precursors are then hot-deformed to produce high-anisotropy uniaxial bulk rare earth permanent magnets and a highly textured structure is produced via this process.The resulting magnets possess many advantages such as near-net-shape,outstanding corrosion resistance,and ultrafine-grain structure.The influence of the preparation parameters utilized in the hot-pressing and deformation processes on the magnetic properties and microstructure of the permanent magnets are systemically summarized in this report.As a near-net-shape technique,the hot deformation process has notable advantages with regard to the production of irregular shapes,especially for radially oriented ringshaped magnets with high length-diameter ratios or thin walls.The difficulties associated with the fabrication of crack-free,homogeneous,and non-decentered ring-shaped magnets are substantially resolved through an emphasis on mold design,adjustment of deformation parameters,and application of theoretical simulation.Considering the characteristics of hotdeformed magnets which include grain shape and size,anisotropic distribution of intergranular phases,etc.,investigation and improvement of the mechanical and electric properties,in addition to thermal stability,with the objective of improving the application of hot-deformed magnets or ring-shaped magnets,is of practical significance.
文摘To ensure the stability of the high rock slopes of the permanent shiplock of the Three Gorges Project is the key to the successful construction and normal operation of the shiplock. In the course of the slope excavation, effective deformation monitoring, well understanding of the deformation characteristics, and reasonable analyzing and predicting of the deformation trend of the high slopes are important aspects of work for the slope excavation and dynamic design of the shiplock. The optimized design, successful implementation of deformation monitoring and accurate monitoring results are the important guarantee for carrying out the project. The monitoring design of the permanent shiplock was conducted in accordance with the general principles of "laying stress on the key points, considering parts as well as the whole, planning uniformly and conducting in stages". The deformation monitoring system of the permanent shiplocks is composed of survey network for horizontal and vertical displacements, monitoring points, inverted plumb lines, tension wires, extensimeters, etc.
文摘红层泥岩填料水敏性高,路基状态受含水率影响显著。为研究含水率对红层泥岩填料动力特性的影响,开展了41组动三轴试验,5组压汞(mercury intrusion porosimetry,MIP)试验和3组扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)试验,结果表明:填料等效模量和阻尼比具有应变振幅相关性,可用Hardin-Drnevich双曲线模型表述。随动应力增大,填料累积变形由稳定型向破坏型过渡。含水率影响填料累积变形响应和临界动应力,相同应力水平下干侧填料累积变形明显低于湿侧填料,达到变形限值的振次高于湿侧填料。干侧填料临界动应力大于湿侧,临界动应力随初始吸力增加而增加,可用VG模型表述。从微观结构看,含水率增加将导致填料微观孔隙结构由单峰形态向双峰形态转变,填料组构由密实稳定逐渐向无序松散转变,最终在宏观上表现为干侧填料动力特性优于湿侧填料。填料临界动应力与静强度比值为65%~75%,采用静强度作设计指标将高估路基承载力。推荐采用5.0%~7.0%含水率填料填筑红层泥岩路基。
