To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used....To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used. Drinking water samples from 29 wells in Zhenping County, China, were collected and analyzed. 35 parameters on water quality were selected, such as chloride concentration, sulphate concentration, total hardness, nitrate concentration, fluoride concentration, turbidity, pH, chromium concentration, COD, bacterium amount, total coliforms and color. The best spatial interpolation methods for the 35 parameters were found and selected from all types of interpolation methods in GIS environment according to the minimum cross-validation errors. The ACCA was improved through three strategies, namely mixed distance function, average similitude degree and probability conversion functions. Then, the ACCA was carried out to obtain different water quality grades in the GIS environment. In the end, the result from the ACCA was compared with those from the competitive Hopfield neural network(CHNN) to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ACCA according to three evaluation indexes, which are stochastic sampling method, pixel amount and convergence speed. It is shown that the spatial water quality grades obtained from the ACCA were more effective, accurate and intelligent than those obtained from the CHNN.展开更多
The effectiveness of a magnetic ion exchange resin （MIEX） for the treatment of Hongze Lake water in China was evaluated, The kinetics of natural organic matter （NOM） removal at various MIEX doses and contact time,...The effectiveness of a magnetic ion exchange resin （MIEX） for the treatment of Hongze Lake water in China was evaluated, The kinetics of natural organic matter （NOM） removal at various MIEX doses and contact time, multiple-loading experiments, impacts of MIEX prior to coagulation on coagulant demands and the effectiveness of combination of MIEX, pre-chlorination and coagulation were investigated. Kinetic experimental results show that more than 80% UV254 and 67% dissolved organic carbon （DOC） from raw water can be removed by the use of MIEX alone. 94% sulfate, 69% nitrate and 98% bromide removals are obtained after the first use of MIEX in multiple-loading experiments. It is suggested that MIEX can be loaded up to 1 250 bed volume （BV, volume ratio of tested water to resin） or more without saturation when regarding organics removal as a target. MIEX can remove organics to a greater extend than coagulation and lower the coagulant demand when combining with coagulation. Chlorination experimental results show that MIEX can remove 57% chlorine demand and 77% trihalomethane formation potential （THMFP） for raw water. Pre-chlorination followed by MIEX and coagulation can give additional organic and THMFP removals. The results suggest that MIEX provides a new method to solve thc problem algae reproduction.展开更多
For deep purification of As(V)from drinking water by adsorption,two adsorbents S-FeOOH and S-MnO_(2) were successfully synthesized by loading FeOOH and MnO_(2) nanoparticles onto silica gel in situ.Characterization of...For deep purification of As(V)from drinking water by adsorption,two adsorbents S-FeOOH and S-MnO_(2) were successfully synthesized by loading FeOOH and MnO_(2) nanoparticles onto silica gel in situ.Characterization of the adsorbents implied that S-FeOOH and S-MnO_(2) with large particle size(diameter of 150−250μm)still had high specific surface areas(357.0 and 334.6 m^(2)/g)due to their specific amorphous and porous structure.In batch experiments,the influences of pH,contact time,adsorbent dosage,and temperature on the adsorption were investigated.Comparing with other adsorbents reported,the synthesized adsorbents in this study,especially S-FeOOH,showed good performance for As(V)removal in a wide pH(2−12)and temperature(25−65℃)range.The residual As(V)concentration after S-FeOOH treatment was around 0.01 mg/L,which met the drinking water standard.The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model,and the adsorption equilibrium was reached within 5 min.The equilibrium adsorption data of S-FeOOH can be well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm,while that of S-MnO_(2) followed Freundlich model,which indicated their different adsorption mechanisms.The results show that S-FeOOH is superior to S-MnO_(2) in eliminating As(V),and S-FeOOH could be used as a promising adsorbent for the deep purification of As(V)in drinking water.展开更多
Carbon dioxide trans-critical heat pump system for heating and cooling water was designed,and its thermodynamic steady-state concentration model was established. Based on the steady-state model,parameters of the carbo...Carbon dioxide trans-critical heat pump system for heating and cooling water was designed,and its thermodynamic steady-state concentration model was established. Based on the steady-state model,parameters of the carbon dioxide trans-critical heat pump were calculated by computer programming. According to these parameters,the effects and application prospect of the heat pump system were analyzed for dual-temperature drinking fountains.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-protein kinase A(PKA)signaling has been shown to regulate alcohol consumption.The phosphodiesterase 7(PDE7)enzyme is one of the PDE families responsible for controlling i...OBJECTIVE Cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-protein kinase A(PKA)signaling has been shown to regulate alcohol consumption.The phosphodiesterase 7(PDE7)enzyme is one of the PDE families responsible for controlling intracellular levels of cAMP.However,the role of PDE7 in alcohol consump⁃tion remains unknown.C57BL/6J(B6)mice innately consume larger amounts of alcohol while DBA/2J(DBA)mice do the opposite,ie,they drink little alcohol.In the present study,we evaluated whether PDE7 plays a role in regulat⁃ing alcohol intake using adult B6 and DBA mice.METHODS Adult male B6 and DBA mice were tested for ethanol(7%and 10%,V/V)intake and preference using the two-bottle choice task.In addition,a separate set of B6 and DBA mice was examined for PDE7 expression in the striatum,a brain region critical for ethanol drinking,using Western blotting.Further,PDE7 subtype expres⁃sion in the striatum of B6 mice in response to ethanol drinking was examined.Finally,the effect of the PDE7 inhibitor BRL-50481 on etha⁃nol consumption was examined in B6 mice.RESULTS①Comparison of ethanol drinking behavior between B6 and DBA mice.Compared to DBA mice,B6 mice had significantly higher ethanol intake and preference,without altering sucrose intake and preference or quinine intake and preference.②Comparison of the expres⁃sion of PDE7 subtypes in the brain striatum of B6 and DBA mice.Compared to DBA mice,naive B6 mice showed significant lower expres⁃sion of PDE7A(P<0.01),but not PDE7B in the striatum.③PDE7A in the striatum of naive and ethanol-drinking B6 mice.After ethanol drinking for 10 d,B6 mice showed significant increases in expression of PDE7A in the striatum(P<0.01)relative to naive controls,but no changes in PDE7B.④Effect of BRL-50481 on ethanol drinking behavior in B6 mice.BRL-50481(0.3-3 mf·kg-1)reduced ethanol intake(P<0.01 for 0.3 and 1 mg·kg-1;P<0.05 for 3 mg·kg-1)and preference(P<0.05 for all doses)without altering the total fluid intake in B6 mice.CON⁃CLUSION PDE7A expression is relatively high in the striatum of alcohol preferring mice such as B6 and can be further increased following etha⁃nol drinking.PDE7A is an important player in the regulation of alcohol consumption.Drugs inhibiting PDE7A can be novel treatments for alcoholism.展开更多
Strontium has four naturally occurring stable isotopes,84Sr,86Sr,87Sr,and 88Sr,with abundances of 0.56,9.87,approximately 7.04,and 82.53 atomic %,respectively.The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio is variable due to the additio...Strontium has four naturally occurring stable isotopes,84Sr,86Sr,87Sr,and 88Sr,with abundances of 0.56,9.87,approximately 7.04,and 82.53 atomic %,respectively.The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio is variable due to the addition of radiogenic 87Sr produced by the beta decay of 87Rb with a half-life of 4.88 ± 0.05 Ga.Thus,展开更多
OBJECTIVE Alcoholism is one of the most damaging psychiatric disorders and causes serious social and health problems in the world. However,there are no ideal treatments for this disease in clinic.Phosphodiesterases(PD...OBJECTIVE Alcoholism is one of the most damaging psychiatric disorders and causes serious social and health problems in the world. However,there are no ideal treatments for this disease in clinic.Phosphodiesterases(PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes consisting of 11 PDE families that hydrolyze cyclicAMP(cA MP) and/or cyclicGMP(cGMP). Among them,PDE4 is critical in the control of intracellular cAMP levels and has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of ethanol consumption.However,the functional role of PDE4 in mediating alcoholism remains unclear. METHODS Ethanol drinking and preference were examined using the two-bottle choice and/or drinking-in-dark(DID) test in high alcohol preferring(HAP) animals,including C57,HAP,and PDE4-subtype knockout mice,and Fawn-Hooded(FH/Wjd) rats,treated with or without the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram or roflumilast. Ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors were examined using the elevated plusmaze,holeboard,forced-swim,and tail-suspension tests in C57 mice or FH rats in the presence of PDE4 inhibition. Levels of cAMP,CREB were determined in brain regions. RESULTS Treatment with rolipram or roflumilast decreased ethanol intake and preference in two-bottle choice and DID tests in C57 and HAP mice as well as FH rats. Mice deficient in PDE4 B,but not PDE4 D,displayed similar effects to general PDE4 inhibition. In addition,rolipram reversed ethanol withdrawal-induced anxietyand depressive-like behaviors 1 d and 14 d,respectively,following withdrawal from ethanol drinking in the two-bottle choice in C57 mice or FH rats. Locomotor activity was not changed in either mice or rats treated with the PDE4 inhibitors. Levels of cAMP,p CREB in the brain were increased by rolipram.CONCLUSION The results provide solid evidence for the important role of PDE4 in ethanol consumptionand ethanol withdrawal-induced symptoms. Inhibitors of PDE4,in particular the PDE4 B isoform,can be a novel class of treatment for alcoholism.展开更多
The aim of this study was to study the distribution of Selenium （Se） and Mercury （Hg） in feed and drinking water in Heilongjiang Province and the effect on body of beef cattle. The experiment selected four areas o...The aim of this study was to study the distribution of Selenium （Se） and Mercury （Hg） in feed and drinking water in Heilongjiang Province and the effect on body of beef cattle. The experiment selected four areas of Qiqihar, Harbin, Jixi and Hegang Cities in Heilongjiang Province. In each area, a pasture was selected. Five beef cattle from each ranch were collected. At the same time, blood, liver, muscle, kidney, urine and faece of the cattle were collected, as well as drinking water, feed and formula feed from the ranch. The contents of Se and Hg in the collected samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the contents of Se in liver, kidney, urine and blood of beef cattle were increased with the increase of Se contents in drinking water, while the contents of Se in muscle tissue and manure were decreased. When the contents of Se in feed increased, the contents of them in muscle, manure and liver of beef cattle were increased frst and then decreased, while the contents of Se in kidney, urine and blood were decreased frst and then increased. When Hg contents in drinking water were increased, the contents of them in beef cattle tissue, blood and manure were increased frst and then decreased, and the contents of Se in urine were increased frst and them decreased. And when Hg contents in feed increased, the contents of Se and Me were also increased. In conclusion, Se and Hg contents in these areas were within the safety standards, meanwhile, the contents of Se and Hg in body tissues of beef cattle were affected to varying degrees by the contents of selenium and mercury in feed.展开更多
The present work focuses on the influence of various parameters, i.e., the dosage of cellulase, the inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time, on the alcohol content and s...The present work focuses on the influence of various parameters, i.e., the dosage of cellulase, the inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time, on the alcohol content and sensory evaluation of the low-alcoholic health drink produced from corncob in a yeast-cellulase synchronous fermentation process. The fermentation was performed by inoculating the seed solution (containing corncob powder and yeast) and cellulase into the synchronous saccharification fermentation medium. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were performed, and the optimal processing conditions were obtained based on the characterizations of alcohol content and sensory evaluation. The results show that the alcohol content and sensory evaluation of the drink can reach 6.1 vol.% and 92, respectively, when the dosage of cellulase, inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time are 15 U/g, 7%, 32℃ and 84 h, respectively.展开更多
Konjac black tea(sugar-free) and konjac glucomannan(KGM) solution were studied by using rheometer,refractometer etc.The relationship between their rheological properties and temperature or concentration was discussed ...Konjac black tea(sugar-free) and konjac glucomannan(KGM) solution were studied by using rheometer,refractometer etc.The relationship between their rheological properties and temperature or concentration was discussed in detail.The results showed that viscosity was significantly affected by temperature and concentration;and pH stability of Konjac-tea was related to the molecular property of KGM.展开更多
基金Projects(41161020,41261026) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BQD2012013) supported by the Research starting Funds for Imported Talents,Ningxia University,China+1 种基金Project(ZR1209) supported by the Natural Science Funds,Ningxia University,ChinaProject(NGY2013005) supported by the Key Science Project of Colleges and Universities in Ningxia,China
文摘To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used. Drinking water samples from 29 wells in Zhenping County, China, were collected and analyzed. 35 parameters on water quality were selected, such as chloride concentration, sulphate concentration, total hardness, nitrate concentration, fluoride concentration, turbidity, pH, chromium concentration, COD, bacterium amount, total coliforms and color. The best spatial interpolation methods for the 35 parameters were found and selected from all types of interpolation methods in GIS environment according to the minimum cross-validation errors. The ACCA was improved through three strategies, namely mixed distance function, average similitude degree and probability conversion functions. Then, the ACCA was carried out to obtain different water quality grades in the GIS environment. In the end, the result from the ACCA was compared with those from the competitive Hopfield neural network(CHNN) to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ACCA according to three evaluation indexes, which are stochastic sampling method, pixel amount and convergence speed. It is shown that the spatial water quality grades obtained from the ACCA were more effective, accurate and intelligent than those obtained from the CHNN.
基金Project(2008ZX07421-002) supported by the Key National Science and Technology Project of ChinaProject(50638020) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The effectiveness of a magnetic ion exchange resin （MIEX） for the treatment of Hongze Lake water in China was evaluated, The kinetics of natural organic matter （NOM） removal at various MIEX doses and contact time, multiple-loading experiments, impacts of MIEX prior to coagulation on coagulant demands and the effectiveness of combination of MIEX, pre-chlorination and coagulation were investigated. Kinetic experimental results show that more than 80% UV254 and 67% dissolved organic carbon （DOC） from raw water can be removed by the use of MIEX alone. 94% sulfate, 69% nitrate and 98% bromide removals are obtained after the first use of MIEX in multiple-loading experiments. It is suggested that MIEX can be loaded up to 1 250 bed volume （BV, volume ratio of tested water to resin） or more without saturation when regarding organics removal as a target. MIEX can remove organics to a greater extend than coagulation and lower the coagulant demand when combining with coagulation. Chlorination experimental results show that MIEX can remove 57% chlorine demand and 77% trihalomethane formation potential （THMFP） for raw water. Pre-chlorination followed by MIEX and coagulation can give additional organic and THMFP removals. The results suggest that MIEX provides a new method to solve thc problem algae reproduction.
基金Projects(2019YFC0408305,2018YFC1901601)supported by the National Key Scientific Research of ChinaProject(2018CX036)supported by the Innovation-Driven Plan of Central South University,ChinaProject(2018TP1002)supported by the Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-Containing Mineral Resources,China。
文摘For deep purification of As(V)from drinking water by adsorption,two adsorbents S-FeOOH and S-MnO_(2) were successfully synthesized by loading FeOOH and MnO_(2) nanoparticles onto silica gel in situ.Characterization of the adsorbents implied that S-FeOOH and S-MnO_(2) with large particle size(diameter of 150−250μm)still had high specific surface areas(357.0 and 334.6 m^(2)/g)due to their specific amorphous and porous structure.In batch experiments,the influences of pH,contact time,adsorbent dosage,and temperature on the adsorption were investigated.Comparing with other adsorbents reported,the synthesized adsorbents in this study,especially S-FeOOH,showed good performance for As(V)removal in a wide pH(2−12)and temperature(25−65℃)range.The residual As(V)concentration after S-FeOOH treatment was around 0.01 mg/L,which met the drinking water standard.The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model,and the adsorption equilibrium was reached within 5 min.The equilibrium adsorption data of S-FeOOH can be well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm,while that of S-MnO_(2) followed Freundlich model,which indicated their different adsorption mechanisms.The results show that S-FeOOH is superior to S-MnO_(2) in eliminating As(V),and S-FeOOH could be used as a promising adsorbent for the deep purification of As(V)in drinking water.
基金Project(08YZ96) supported by the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,ChinaProject(J50502) supported by the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, ChinaProject supported by "Man Heng" Innovation Fund Project of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
文摘Carbon dioxide trans-critical heat pump system for heating and cooling water was designed,and its thermodynamic steady-state concentration model was established. Based on the steady-state model,parameters of the carbon dioxide trans-critical heat pump were calculated by computer programming. According to these parameters,the effects and application prospect of the heat pump system were analyzed for dual-temperature drinking fountains.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81773717)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81801510)+1 种基金Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University(2019QL011)and Science and Technology Development Plan Project in Tai′an City(2017NS0237).
文摘OBJECTIVE Cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-protein kinase A(PKA)signaling has been shown to regulate alcohol consumption.The phosphodiesterase 7(PDE7)enzyme is one of the PDE families responsible for controlling intracellular levels of cAMP.However,the role of PDE7 in alcohol consump⁃tion remains unknown.C57BL/6J(B6)mice innately consume larger amounts of alcohol while DBA/2J(DBA)mice do the opposite,ie,they drink little alcohol.In the present study,we evaluated whether PDE7 plays a role in regulat⁃ing alcohol intake using adult B6 and DBA mice.METHODS Adult male B6 and DBA mice were tested for ethanol(7%and 10%,V/V)intake and preference using the two-bottle choice task.In addition,a separate set of B6 and DBA mice was examined for PDE7 expression in the striatum,a brain region critical for ethanol drinking,using Western blotting.Further,PDE7 subtype expres⁃sion in the striatum of B6 mice in response to ethanol drinking was examined.Finally,the effect of the PDE7 inhibitor BRL-50481 on etha⁃nol consumption was examined in B6 mice.RESULTS①Comparison of ethanol drinking behavior between B6 and DBA mice.Compared to DBA mice,B6 mice had significantly higher ethanol intake and preference,without altering sucrose intake and preference or quinine intake and preference.②Comparison of the expres⁃sion of PDE7 subtypes in the brain striatum of B6 and DBA mice.Compared to DBA mice,naive B6 mice showed significant lower expres⁃sion of PDE7A(P<0.01),but not PDE7B in the striatum.③PDE7A in the striatum of naive and ethanol-drinking B6 mice.After ethanol drinking for 10 d,B6 mice showed significant increases in expression of PDE7A in the striatum(P<0.01)relative to naive controls,but no changes in PDE7B.④Effect of BRL-50481 on ethanol drinking behavior in B6 mice.BRL-50481(0.3-3 mf·kg-1)reduced ethanol intake(P<0.01 for 0.3 and 1 mg·kg-1;P<0.05 for 3 mg·kg-1)and preference(P<0.05 for all doses)without altering the total fluid intake in B6 mice.CON⁃CLUSION PDE7A expression is relatively high in the striatum of alcohol preferring mice such as B6 and can be further increased following etha⁃nol drinking.PDE7A is an important player in the regulation of alcohol consumption.Drugs inhibiting PDE7A can be novel treatments for alcoholism.
文摘Strontium has four naturally occurring stable isotopes,84Sr,86Sr,87Sr,and 88Sr,with abundances of 0.56,9.87,approximately 7.04,and 82.53 atomic %,respectively.The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio is variable due to the addition of radiogenic 87Sr produced by the beta decay of 87Rb with a half-life of 4.88 ± 0.05 Ga.Thus,
文摘OBJECTIVE Alcoholism is one of the most damaging psychiatric disorders and causes serious social and health problems in the world. However,there are no ideal treatments for this disease in clinic.Phosphodiesterases(PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes consisting of 11 PDE families that hydrolyze cyclicAMP(cA MP) and/or cyclicGMP(cGMP). Among them,PDE4 is critical in the control of intracellular cAMP levels and has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of ethanol consumption.However,the functional role of PDE4 in mediating alcoholism remains unclear. METHODS Ethanol drinking and preference were examined using the two-bottle choice and/or drinking-in-dark(DID) test in high alcohol preferring(HAP) animals,including C57,HAP,and PDE4-subtype knockout mice,and Fawn-Hooded(FH/Wjd) rats,treated with or without the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram or roflumilast. Ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors were examined using the elevated plusmaze,holeboard,forced-swim,and tail-suspension tests in C57 mice or FH rats in the presence of PDE4 inhibition. Levels of cAMP,CREB were determined in brain regions. RESULTS Treatment with rolipram or roflumilast decreased ethanol intake and preference in two-bottle choice and DID tests in C57 and HAP mice as well as FH rats. Mice deficient in PDE4 B,but not PDE4 D,displayed similar effects to general PDE4 inhibition. In addition,rolipram reversed ethanol withdrawal-induced anxietyand depressive-like behaviors 1 d and 14 d,respectively,following withdrawal from ethanol drinking in the two-bottle choice in C57 mice or FH rats. Locomotor activity was not changed in either mice or rats treated with the PDE4 inhibitors. Levels of cAMP,p CREB in the brain were increased by rolipram.CONCLUSION The results provide solid evidence for the important role of PDE4 in ethanol consumptionand ethanol withdrawal-induced symptoms. Inhibitors of PDE4,in particular the PDE4 B isoform,can be a novel class of treatment for alcoholism.
基金Supported by"Beef Cattle Safety Production Technology Innovation Integration and Demonstration"(2014BAD13B03-1)from the National Science and Technology Support Program"Beef Safety Production Technology Integration and Demonstration"
文摘The aim of this study was to study the distribution of Selenium （Se） and Mercury （Hg） in feed and drinking water in Heilongjiang Province and the effect on body of beef cattle. The experiment selected four areas of Qiqihar, Harbin, Jixi and Hegang Cities in Heilongjiang Province. In each area, a pasture was selected. Five beef cattle from each ranch were collected. At the same time, blood, liver, muscle, kidney, urine and faece of the cattle were collected, as well as drinking water, feed and formula feed from the ranch. The contents of Se and Hg in the collected samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the contents of Se in liver, kidney, urine and blood of beef cattle were increased with the increase of Se contents in drinking water, while the contents of Se in muscle tissue and manure were decreased. When the contents of Se in feed increased, the contents of them in muscle, manure and liver of beef cattle were increased frst and then decreased, while the contents of Se in kidney, urine and blood were decreased frst and then increased. When Hg contents in drinking water were increased, the contents of them in beef cattle tissue, blood and manure were increased frst and then decreased, and the contents of Se in urine were increased frst and them decreased. And when Hg contents in feed increased, the contents of Se and Me were also increased. In conclusion, Se and Hg contents in these areas were within the safety standards, meanwhile, the contents of Se and Hg in body tissues of beef cattle were affected to varying degrees by the contents of selenium and mercury in feed.
基金Project(17A192)supported by the Education Department of Hunan Province,China
文摘The present work focuses on the influence of various parameters, i.e., the dosage of cellulase, the inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time, on the alcohol content and sensory evaluation of the low-alcoholic health drink produced from corncob in a yeast-cellulase synchronous fermentation process. The fermentation was performed by inoculating the seed solution (containing corncob powder and yeast) and cellulase into the synchronous saccharification fermentation medium. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were performed, and the optimal processing conditions were obtained based on the characterizations of alcohol content and sensory evaluation. The results show that the alcohol content and sensory evaluation of the drink can reach 6.1 vol.% and 92, respectively, when the dosage of cellulase, inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time are 15 U/g, 7%, 32℃ and 84 h, respectively.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(3 0 3 710 0 9)
文摘Konjac black tea(sugar-free) and konjac glucomannan(KGM) solution were studied by using rheometer,refractometer etc.The relationship between their rheological properties and temperature or concentration was discussed in detail.The results showed that viscosity was significantly affected by temperature and concentration;and pH stability of Konjac-tea was related to the molecular property of KGM.
