A new meso-mechanical testing scheme based on SEM was developed to carry out the experiment of microfracturing process of rocks. The microfracturing process of the pre-crack marble sample on surrounding rock in the im...A new meso-mechanical testing scheme based on SEM was developed to carry out the experiment of microfracturing process of rocks. The microfracturing process of the pre-crack marble sample on surrounding rock in the immerged Long-big tunnel in Jinping Cascade II Hydropower Station under uniaxial compression was recorded by using the testing scheme. According to the stereology theory, the propagation and coalescent of cracks at meso-scale were quantitatively investigated with digital technology. Therefore, the basic geometric information of rock microcracks such as area, angle, length, width, perimeter, was obtained from binary images after segmentation. The failure mechanism of specimen under uniaxial compression with the quantitative information was studied from macro and microscopic point of view. The results show that the image of microfracturing process of the specimen can be observed and recorded digitally. During the damage of the specimen, the distribution of microcracks in the specimen is still subjected to exponential distribution with some microcracks concentrated in certain regions. Finally, the change law of the fractal dimension of the local element in marble sample under different external load conditions is obtained by means of the statistical calculation of the fractal dimension.展开更多
The macro mechanical properties of materials with characteristics of large scale and complicated structural composition can be analyzed through its reconstructed meso-structures.In this work,the meso-structures of tal...The macro mechanical properties of materials with characteristics of large scale and complicated structural composition can be analyzed through its reconstructed meso-structures.In this work,the meso-structures of talus deposits that widely exist in the hydro-power engineering in the southwest of China were first reconstructed by small particles according to the in-situ photographs based on the self-adaptive PCNN digital image processing,and then numerical direct shear tests were carried out for studying the mechanical properties of talus deposits.Results indicate that the reconstructed meso-structures of talus deposits are more consistent with the actual situation because the self-adaptive PCNN digital image processing has a higher discrimination in the details of soil-rock segmentation.The existence and random distribution of rock blocks make the initial shear stiffness,the peak strength and the residual strength higher than those of the "pure soil" with particle size less than 1.25 cm apparently,but reduce the displacements required for the talus deposits reaching its peak shear strength.The increase of rock proportion causes a significant improvement in the internal friction angle of talus deposit,which to a certain degree leads to the characteristics of shear stress-displacement curves having a changing trend from the plastic strain softening deformation to the nonlinear strain hardening deformation,while an unconspicuous increase in cohesion.The uncertainty and heterogeneity of rock distributions cause the differences of rock proportion within shear zone,leading to a relatively strong fluctuation in peak strengths during the shear process,while movement features of rock blocks,such as translation,rotation and crossing,expand the scope of shear zone,increase the required shear force,and also directly lead to the misjudgment that the lower shear strength is obtained from the samples with high rock proportion.That,however,just explains the reason why the shear strength gained from a small amount of indoor test data is not consistent with engineering practice.展开更多
Surface strain fields of the designed compact tension(CT)specimens were investigated by digital image correlation(DIC)method.An integrative computer program was developed based on DIC algorithms to characterize the st...Surface strain fields of the designed compact tension(CT)specimens were investigated by digital image correlation(DIC)method.An integrative computer program was developed based on DIC algorithms to characterize the strain fields accurately and graphically.Strain distribution of the CT specimen was predicted by finite element method(FEM).Good agreement is observed between the surface strain fields measured by DIC and predicted by FEM,which reveals that the proposed method is practical and effective to determine the strain fields of CT specimens.Moreover,strain fields of the CT specimens with various compressive loads and notch diameters were studied by DIC.The experimental results can provide effective reference to usage of CT specimens in triaxial creep test by appropriately selecting specimen and experiment parameters.展开更多
Microwave diffraction tomography is a process to infer the internal structure of an objectfrom multiple angle views of microwave diffraction shadow. Being sensitive to variations in refractive index of the object, the...Microwave diffraction tomography is a process to infer the internal structure of an objectfrom multiple angle views of microwave diffraction shadow. Being sensitive to variations in refractive index of the object, the procedure can be used to measure permittivity distributions within dielectric objects and to image soft tissues for biomedical applications. The optimal resolution distance obtainable is half a wavelength, but this can rarely be achieved because of practical limitations. Some procedures, however, are available to improve the practical resolution. One, which is suitable for microwave tomography, is to use multiple angle views data and to combine the resulting images. The other, which is suitable for improving the image reconstruction resolution, is to use the digital filtering technique and the filtered backpropagation algorithm. A system operating over the X-band microwave frequency is described and some experimental results for objects in air are given.展开更多
A developed stereo particle image velocimetry(stereo-PIV) system was proposed to measure three-dimensional(3D) soil deformation around a laterally loaded pile in sand.The stereo-PIV technique extended 2D measurement t...A developed stereo particle image velocimetry(stereo-PIV) system was proposed to measure three-dimensional(3D) soil deformation around a laterally loaded pile in sand.The stereo-PIV technique extended 2D measurement to 3D based on a binocular vision model,where two cameras with a well geometrical setting were utilized to image the same object simultaneously.This system utilized two open software packages and some simple programs in MATLAB,which can easily be adjusted to meet user needs at a low cost.The failure planes form an angle with the horizontal line,which are measured at 27°-29°,approximately three-fourths of the frictional angle of soil.The edge of the strain wedge formed in front of the pile is an arc,which is slightly different from the straight line reported in the literature.The active and passive influence zones are about twice and six times of the diameter of the pile,respectively.The test demonstrates the good performance and feasibility of this stereo-PIV system for more advanced geotechnical testing.展开更多
With the security problem of image information as the background, some more properties of the period of Arnold transformation of two-dimension were studied by means of introducing a integer sequence. Some new resuits ...With the security problem of image information as the background, some more properties of the period of Arnold transformation of two-dimension were studied by means of introducing a integer sequence. Some new resuits are obtained. Two interesting conjectures on the period of Arnold transformation are given. When making digital images scrambling by Arnold transformation, it is important to know the period of the transformation for the image. As the application of the theory, a new method for computing the periods at last are proposed.展开更多
This paper proposed a method to automatically generate the trimap for digital matting. Camera parameters of aperture and shutter speed are used to control its exposure, and accordingly to take pictures of stationary f...This paper proposed a method to automatically generate the trimap for digital matting. Camera parameters of aperture and shutter speed are used to control its exposure, and accordingly to take pictures of stationary foreground with blurred background. Our method was inspired by color difference matting, both of which require a pre-record background image. In our method, only one image was required. Upon this input image, the process of blurring-deblurring, subtraction, thresholding and dilation were applied to finally generate the trimap. No user＇ s direct interface with the image was needed, and the user only needed to adjust the threshold or width of dilation for some input images. It reduces users＇ conservative interaction, and results are reliable for most of the pictures.展开更多
An approach based on reinfocement learning for the automated segmentation is presented. The approach consists of two modules:segmentation module and learning module. The segmentation module uses the region-growing alg...An approach based on reinfocement learning for the automated segmentation is presented. The approach consists of two modules:segmentation module and learning module. The segmentation module uses the region-growing algorithm combined with the smooth filtering and the morphological filtering to segment mammograms. The learning module uses the segmentation output as the feedback to learn to select the optimal parameter settings of the segmentation algorithm according to the image properties using reinforcement learning techniques. The approach can adapt itself to various kinds of mammograms through training and therefore obviates the tedious and error-prone tuning of parameter settings manually. Quantitative test results show that the approach is accurate for several kinds of mammograms. Compared to previously proposed approaches,the approach is more adaptable to different mammograms.展开更多
The geometric accuracy of topographic mapping with high-resolution remote sensing images is inevita-bly affected by the orbiter attitude jitter.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct preliminary research on the stereo m...The geometric accuracy of topographic mapping with high-resolution remote sensing images is inevita-bly affected by the orbiter attitude jitter.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct preliminary research on the stereo mapping camera equipped on lunar orbiter before launching.In this work,an imaging simulation method consid-ering the attitude jitter is presented.The impact analysis of different attitude jitter on terrain undulation is conduct-ed by simulating jitter at three attitude angles,respectively.The proposed simulation method is based on the rigor-ous sensor model,using the lunar digital elevation model(DEM)and orthoimage as reference data.The orbit and attitude of the lunar stereo mapping camera are simulated while considering the attitude jitter.Two-dimensional simulated stereo images are generated according to the position and attitude of the orbiter in a given orbit.Experi-mental analyses were conducted by the DEM with the simulated stereo image.The simulation imaging results demonstrate that the proposed method can ensure imaging efficiency without losing the accuracy of topographic mapping.The effect of attitude jitter on the stereo mapping accuracy of the simulated images was analyzed through a DEM comparison.展开更多
岩石-混凝土界面是工程结构的薄弱环节,对结构整体的强度和稳定性有重要影响。为反映岩-混界面天然粗糙状态,基于内聚力模型(cohesive zone model,简称CZM),建立了具有随机生成粗糙界面的岩石-混凝土复合巴西圆盘试件数值模型,通过不同...岩石-混凝土界面是工程结构的薄弱环节,对结构整体的强度和稳定性有重要影响。为反映岩-混界面天然粗糙状态,基于内聚力模型(cohesive zone model,简称CZM),建立了具有随机生成粗糙界面的岩石-混凝土复合巴西圆盘试件数值模型,通过不同加载角度下的巴西劈裂物理试验验证了该方法的可靠性,并探究了界面粗糙度、加载角度对试件峰值荷载和破坏特征的影响。结果表明:不同加载角度下,试件存在3种典型破坏模式:界面黏结破坏、复合破坏、双材料拉伸开裂破坏;加载角度对试件力学行为的影响以70°为界,加载角度小于70°时影响显著,大于70°后影响不显著;界面粗糙度的影响随加载角度的不同有较大差异,当加载角度在15°~65°范围内,提高界面粗糙度可显著提高试件峰值荷载,增强岩-混结构的承载能力;界面处应力状态的差异决定了试件破坏模式的不同,但粗糙的界面可以增强混凝土与岩石之间的黏结和互锁效应,对试件破坏模式产生影响。研究结果将加深对岩石-混凝土界面破坏机制的认识,对工程建设具有指导意义。展开更多
基金Projects(50674040, 50539090) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(CX07B_128z) supported by the Cultivate Creative Postgraduate Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China
文摘A new meso-mechanical testing scheme based on SEM was developed to carry out the experiment of microfracturing process of rocks. The microfracturing process of the pre-crack marble sample on surrounding rock in the immerged Long-big tunnel in Jinping Cascade II Hydropower Station under uniaxial compression was recorded by using the testing scheme. According to the stereology theory, the propagation and coalescent of cracks at meso-scale were quantitatively investigated with digital technology. Therefore, the basic geometric information of rock microcracks such as area, angle, length, width, perimeter, was obtained from binary images after segmentation. The failure mechanism of specimen under uniaxial compression with the quantitative information was studied from macro and microscopic point of view. The results show that the image of microfracturing process of the specimen can be observed and recorded digitally. During the damage of the specimen, the distribution of microcracks in the specimen is still subjected to exponential distribution with some microcracks concentrated in certain regions. Finally, the change law of the fractal dimension of the local element in marble sample under different external load conditions is obtained by means of the statistical calculation of the fractal dimension.
基金Project(2013BAB06B00) supported by the National Key Technology R&D Programof ChinaProject(2011CB013504) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(50911130366) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The macro mechanical properties of materials with characteristics of large scale and complicated structural composition can be analyzed through its reconstructed meso-structures.In this work,the meso-structures of talus deposits that widely exist in the hydro-power engineering in the southwest of China were first reconstructed by small particles according to the in-situ photographs based on the self-adaptive PCNN digital image processing,and then numerical direct shear tests were carried out for studying the mechanical properties of talus deposits.Results indicate that the reconstructed meso-structures of talus deposits are more consistent with the actual situation because the self-adaptive PCNN digital image processing has a higher discrimination in the details of soil-rock segmentation.The existence and random distribution of rock blocks make the initial shear stiffness,the peak strength and the residual strength higher than those of the "pure soil" with particle size less than 1.25 cm apparently,but reduce the displacements required for the talus deposits reaching its peak shear strength.The increase of rock proportion causes a significant improvement in the internal friction angle of talus deposit,which to a certain degree leads to the characteristics of shear stress-displacement curves having a changing trend from the plastic strain softening deformation to the nonlinear strain hardening deformation,while an unconspicuous increase in cohesion.The uncertainty and heterogeneity of rock distributions cause the differences of rock proportion within shear zone,leading to a relatively strong fluctuation in peak strengths during the shear process,while movement features of rock blocks,such as translation,rotation and crossing,expand the scope of shear zone,increase the required shear force,and also directly lead to the misjudgment that the lower shear strength is obtained from the samples with high rock proportion.That,however,just explains the reason why the shear strength gained from a small amount of indoor test data is not consistent with engineering practice.
基金Projects(51575347,51405297,51204107)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Surface strain fields of the designed compact tension(CT)specimens were investigated by digital image correlation(DIC)method.An integrative computer program was developed based on DIC algorithms to characterize the strain fields accurately and graphically.Strain distribution of the CT specimen was predicted by finite element method(FEM).Good agreement is observed between the surface strain fields measured by DIC and predicted by FEM,which reveals that the proposed method is practical and effective to determine the strain fields of CT specimens.Moreover,strain fields of the CT specimens with various compressive loads and notch diameters were studied by DIC.The experimental results can provide effective reference to usage of CT specimens in triaxial creep test by appropriately selecting specimen and experiment parameters.
文摘Microwave diffraction tomography is a process to infer the internal structure of an objectfrom multiple angle views of microwave diffraction shadow. Being sensitive to variations in refractive index of the object, the procedure can be used to measure permittivity distributions within dielectric objects and to image soft tissues for biomedical applications. The optimal resolution distance obtainable is half a wavelength, but this can rarely be achieved because of practical limitations. Some procedures, however, are available to improve the practical resolution. One, which is suitable for microwave tomography, is to use multiple angle views data and to combine the resulting images. The other, which is suitable for improving the image reconstruction resolution, is to use the digital filtering technique and the filtered backpropagation algorithm. A system operating over the X-band microwave frequency is described and some experimental results for objects in air are given.
基金Project(104244) supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
文摘A developed stereo particle image velocimetry(stereo-PIV) system was proposed to measure three-dimensional(3D) soil deformation around a laterally loaded pile in sand.The stereo-PIV technique extended 2D measurement to 3D based on a binocular vision model,where two cameras with a well geometrical setting were utilized to image the same object simultaneously.This system utilized two open software packages and some simple programs in MATLAB,which can easily be adjusted to meet user needs at a low cost.The failure planes form an angle with the horizontal line,which are measured at 27°-29°,approximately three-fourths of the frictional angle of soil.The edge of the strain wedge formed in front of the pile is an arc,which is slightly different from the straight line reported in the literature.The active and passive influence zones are about twice and six times of the diameter of the pile,respectively.The test demonstrates the good performance and feasibility of this stereo-PIV system for more advanced geotechnical testing.
基金Project (10471020) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation project (04JJ6028) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province project (03A002) supported by the Ministry of Education of Hunan Province
文摘With the security problem of image information as the background, some more properties of the period of Arnold transformation of two-dimension were studied by means of introducing a integer sequence. Some new resuits are obtained. Two interesting conjectures on the period of Arnold transformation are given. When making digital images scrambling by Arnold transformation, it is important to know the period of the transformation for the image. As the application of the theory, a new method for computing the periods at last are proposed.
基金Supported by the National Key Techenology Innovation Program of China under Grant(02BK-029)National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant(60105002)
文摘This paper proposed a method to automatically generate the trimap for digital matting. Camera parameters of aperture and shutter speed are used to control its exposure, and accordingly to take pictures of stationary foreground with blurred background. Our method was inspired by color difference matting, both of which require a pre-record background image. In our method, only one image was required. Upon this input image, the process of blurring-deblurring, subtraction, thresholding and dilation were applied to finally generate the trimap. No user＇ s direct interface with the image was needed, and the user only needed to adjust the threshold or width of dilation for some input images. It reduces users＇ conservative interaction, and results are reliable for most of the pictures.
文摘An approach based on reinfocement learning for the automated segmentation is presented. The approach consists of two modules:segmentation module and learning module. The segmentation module uses the region-growing algorithm combined with the smooth filtering and the morphological filtering to segment mammograms. The learning module uses the segmentation output as the feedback to learn to select the optimal parameter settings of the segmentation algorithm according to the image properties using reinforcement learning techniques. The approach can adapt itself to various kinds of mammograms through training and therefore obviates the tedious and error-prone tuning of parameter settings manually. Quantitative test results show that the approach is accurate for several kinds of mammograms. Compared to previously proposed approaches,the approach is more adaptable to different mammograms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42221002,42171432)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2021SHZDZX0100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The geometric accuracy of topographic mapping with high-resolution remote sensing images is inevita-bly affected by the orbiter attitude jitter.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct preliminary research on the stereo mapping camera equipped on lunar orbiter before launching.In this work,an imaging simulation method consid-ering the attitude jitter is presented.The impact analysis of different attitude jitter on terrain undulation is conduct-ed by simulating jitter at three attitude angles,respectively.The proposed simulation method is based on the rigor-ous sensor model,using the lunar digital elevation model(DEM)and orthoimage as reference data.The orbit and attitude of the lunar stereo mapping camera are simulated while considering the attitude jitter.Two-dimensional simulated stereo images are generated according to the position and attitude of the orbiter in a given orbit.Experi-mental analyses were conducted by the DEM with the simulated stereo image.The simulation imaging results demonstrate that the proposed method can ensure imaging efficiency without losing the accuracy of topographic mapping.The effect of attitude jitter on the stereo mapping accuracy of the simulated images was analyzed through a DEM comparison.
文摘岩石-混凝土界面是工程结构的薄弱环节,对结构整体的强度和稳定性有重要影响。为反映岩-混界面天然粗糙状态,基于内聚力模型(cohesive zone model,简称CZM),建立了具有随机生成粗糙界面的岩石-混凝土复合巴西圆盘试件数值模型,通过不同加载角度下的巴西劈裂物理试验验证了该方法的可靠性,并探究了界面粗糙度、加载角度对试件峰值荷载和破坏特征的影响。结果表明:不同加载角度下,试件存在3种典型破坏模式:界面黏结破坏、复合破坏、双材料拉伸开裂破坏;加载角度对试件力学行为的影响以70°为界,加载角度小于70°时影响显著,大于70°后影响不显著;界面粗糙度的影响随加载角度的不同有较大差异,当加载角度在15°~65°范围内,提高界面粗糙度可显著提高试件峰值荷载,增强岩-混结构的承载能力;界面处应力状态的差异决定了试件破坏模式的不同,但粗糙的界面可以增强混凝土与岩石之间的黏结和互锁效应,对试件破坏模式产生影响。研究结果将加深对岩石-混凝土界面破坏机制的认识,对工程建设具有指导意义。
