The PICOSEC Micromegas(MM)is a precise timing gaseous detector based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled with a semi-transparent photocathode and an MM amplifying structure.It features a two-stage amplification process th...The PICOSEC Micromegas(MM)is a precise timing gaseous detector based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled with a semi-transparent photocathode and an MM amplifying structure.It features a two-stage amplification process that leads to a significant deterioration of non-uniformity when scaling up to larger areas.Since the performance of gaseous detectors is highly dependent on the choice of working gas,optimizing the gas mixture offers a promising solution to improve the uniformity performance.This paper addresses these challenges through a combined approach of simulation based on Garfield++and experimental studies.The simulation investigates the properties of different mixing fractions of gas mixtures and their impact on detector performance,including gain uniformity and time resolution.To verify the simulation results,experimental tests were conducted using a multi-channel PICOSEC MM prototype with different gas mixtures.The experimental results are consistent with the findings of the simulation,indicating that a higher concentration of neon significantly improves the detector’s gain uniformity.Furthermore,the influence of gas mixtures on time resolution was explored as a critical performance indicator.The study presented in this paper offers valuable insights for improving uniformity in large-area PICOSEC MM detectors and optimizing overall performance.展开更多
The polarization properties of light are widely applied in imaging,communications,materials analy⁃sis,and life sciences.Various methods have been developed that can measure the polarization information of a target.How...The polarization properties of light are widely applied in imaging,communications,materials analy⁃sis,and life sciences.Various methods have been developed that can measure the polarization information of a target.However,conventional polarization detection systems are often bulky and complex,limiting their poten⁃tial for broader applications.To address the challenges of miniaturization,integrated polarization detectors have been extensively explored in recent years,achieving significant advancements in performance and functionality.In this review,we focus mainly on integrated polarization detectors with innovative features,including infinitely high polarization discrimination,ultrahigh sensitivity to polarization state change,full Stokes parameters measure⁃ment,and simultaneous perception of polarization and other key properties of light.Lastly,we discuss the oppor⁃tunities and challenges for the future development of integrated polarization photodetectors.展开更多
In the realm of near-infrared spectroscopy,the detection of molecules has been achieved using on-chip waveguides and resonators.In the mid-infrared band,the integration and sensitivity of chemical sensing chips are of...In the realm of near-infrared spectroscopy,the detection of molecules has been achieved using on-chip waveguides and resonators.In the mid-infrared band,the integration and sensitivity of chemical sensing chips are often constrained by the reliance on off-chip light sources and detectors.In this study,we demonstrate an InAs/GaAsSb superlattice mid-infrared waveguide integrated detector.The GaAsSb waveguide layer and the InAs/GaAsSb superlattice absorbing layer are connected through evanescent coupling,facilitating efficient and highquality detection of mid-infrared light with minimal loss.We conducted a simulation to analyze the photoelectric characteristics of the device.Additionally,we investigated the factors that affect the integration of the InAs/GaAs⁃Sb superlattice photodetector and the GaAsSb waveguide.Optimal thicknesses and lengths for the absorption lay⁃er are determined.When the absorption layer has a thickness of 0.3μm and a length of 50μm,the noise equiva⁃lent power reaches its minimum value,and the quantum efficiency can achieve a value of 68.9%.The utilization of waveguide detectors constructed with Ⅲ-Ⅴ materials offers a more convenient means of integrating mid-infra⁃red light sources and achieving photoelectric detection chips.展开更多
Space environment exploration is a hot topic globally.The scope of space exploration ranges from near-Earth space to the moon,other planets in the solar system,and even the heliosphere and interplanetary space.It is u...Space environment exploration is a hot topic globally.The scope of space exploration ranges from near-Earth space to the moon,other planets in the solar system,and even the heliosphere and interplanetary space.It is used for various crucial applications,including aerospace technology development,space weather research,understanding the origin and evolution of the universe,searching for extraterrestrial life,and finding human livable places.Although China’s space environment exploration started late,its progress has been rapid.China is gradually narrowing the gap with advanced countries and may eventually lead the world in space research.This article briefly reviews the development history of China’s space environmental detectors.展开更多
Aiming at a novel missile-borne detector in the optional burst height proximity fuze, a self-adaptive high-resolution forward-looking imaging algorithm (SAHRFL-IA) is presented. The echo data are captured by the missi...Aiming at a novel missile-borne detector in the optional burst height proximity fuze, a self-adaptive high-resolution forward-looking imaging algorithm (SAHRFL-IA) is presented. The echo data are captured by the missile-borne detector in the target regions;thereby the azimuth angulation accuracy at the same distance dimension is improved dynamically. Thus, azimuth information of the targets in the detection area may be obtained accurately. The proposed imaging algorithm breaks through the conventional misconception of merely using azimuth discrimination curves under ideal conditions during monopulse angulation. The real-time echo data from the target region are used to perform error correction for this discrimination curve, and finally the accuracy of the azimuth angulation may reach the optimum at the same distance dimension. A series of experiments demonstrate the validity, reliability and high performance of the proposed imaging algorithm. Azimuth angulation accuracy may reach ten times that of the detection beam width. Meanwhile, the running time of this algorithm satisfies the requirements of missile-borne platforms.展开更多
The study of the charge conjugation and parity(CP)violation of hyperon is the precision frontier for probing possible new CP violation sources beyond the standard model(SM).With the large number of quantum entangled h...The study of the charge conjugation and parity(CP)violation of hyperon is the precision frontier for probing possible new CP violation sources beyond the standard model(SM).With the large number of quantum entangled hyperonantihyperon pairs to be produced at Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF),the CP asymmetry of hyperon is expected to be tested with a statistical sensitivity of 10^(−4) or even better.To cope with the statistical precision,the systematic effects from various aspects are critical and need to be studied in detail.In this paper,the sensitivity effects on the CP violation parameters associated with the detector resolution,including those of the position and momentum,are studied and discussed in detail.The results provide valuable guidance for the design of STCF detector.展开更多
To detect space gravitational waves in the extremely low-frequency band,the telescope and optic-al platform require high stability and reliability.However,the cantilevered design presents challenges,espe-cially in the...To detect space gravitational waves in the extremely low-frequency band,the telescope and optic-al platform require high stability and reliability.However,the cantilevered design presents challenges,espe-cially in the glass-metal hetero-bonding process.This study focuses on the analysis and experimental re-search of the bonding layer in the integrated structure.By optimizing the structural configuration and select-ing suitable bonding processes,the reliability of the telescope system is enhanced.The research indicates that using J-133 adhesive achieves the best performance,with a bonding layer thickness of 0.30 mm and a metal substrate surface roughness of Ra 0.8.These findings significantly enhance the reliability of the optical sys-tem while minimizing potential risks.展开更多
For segmented detectors,surface flatness is critical as it directly influences both energy resolution and image clarity.Additionally,the limited adjustment range of the segmented detectors necessitates precise benchma...For segmented detectors,surface flatness is critical as it directly influences both energy resolution and image clarity.Additionally,the limited adjustment range of the segmented detectors necessitates precise benchmark construction.This paper proposes an architecture for detecting detector flatness based on channel spectral dispersion.By measuring the dispersion fringes for coplanar adjustment,the final adjustment residual is improved to better than 300 nm.This result validates the feasibility of the proposed technology and provides significant technical support for the development of next-generation large-aperture sky survey equipment.展开更多
In engineering application,there is only one adaptive weights estimated by most of traditional early warning radars for adaptive interference suppression in a pulse reputation interval(PRI).Therefore,if the training s...In engineering application,there is only one adaptive weights estimated by most of traditional early warning radars for adaptive interference suppression in a pulse reputation interval(PRI).Therefore,if the training samples used to calculate the weight vector does not contain the jamming,then the jamming cannot be removed by adaptive spatial filtering.If the weight vector is constantly updated in the range dimension,the training data may contain target echo signals,resulting in signal cancellation effect.To cope with the situation that the training samples are contaminated by target signal,an iterative training sample selection method based on non-homogeneous detector(NHD)is proposed in this paper for updating the weight vector in entire range dimension.The principle is presented,and the validity is proven by simulation results.展开更多
Standard GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors(QWIP)have been seriously considered as atechnological choice for the 3^(rd) generation of thermal imagers in the long wave infrared band(LWIR)for some time.Alt...Standard GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors(QWIP)have been seriously considered as atechnological choice for the 3^(rd) generation of thermal imagers in the long wave infrared band(LWIR)for some time.Alternative technology like MCT(HgCdTe)was the technology choice of the 2^(nd) generation because of its high quantum efficiency.In the paper,measurements on the QWIP technology will be presented and a comparison with alternative technology will be done.展开更多
A novel approach is proposed for speckle reduction in multilook full polarimetric SAR images. In contrast to others, this approach adopts an enhanced structure detection method to estimate the parameters of the polari...A novel approach is proposed for speckle reduction in multilook full polarimetric SAR images. In contrast to others, this approach adopts an enhanced structure detection method to estimate the parameters of the polarimetric covariance matrix for the multilook polarimetric whitening filtering （MPWF） algorithm and thus a structural adaptive and optimal speckle filter is developed. To evaluate the present approach, NASA SIR-C/X- SAR, L band, four-look processed polarimetric SAR data of the Tian-Mountain Forest is used for simulation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this novel filtering algorithm in case of both speckle reduction and preservation of texture information. Comparisons with other methods are also made.展开更多
Signal modulation is an essential design factor for proximity detectors and directly affects the system's potential performance.In order to achieve the advantages of chaotic codes bi-phase modulation(CCBPM)and lin...Signal modulation is an essential design factor for proximity detectors and directly affects the system's potential performance.In order to achieve the advantages of chaotic codes bi-phase modulation(CCBPM)and linear frequency modulation(LFM) simultaneously,this paper designed a waveform which combined chaotic codes bi-phase modulation and linear frequency modulation(CCBPM-LFM) for proximity detectors.The CCBPM-LFM waveform was analyzed in the aspect of time delay resolution(TDR) and Doppler tolerance(DT) based on ambiguity function(AF).Then,a ranging method,which we called instant correlation harmonic demodulation(ICHD),was presented for the detector using the CCBPM-LFM waveform.By combining time domain instant correlation with harmonic demodulation,the ICHD solved the problem caused by combination modulation and made the most of the linear frequency modulation(LFM) harmonics and the correlation of chaotic codes.Finally,a prototype was implemented and ranging experiments were carried out.From the theoretical analysis and experimental results,the proximity detector used the CCBPM-LFM waveform has an outstanding detection performance.展开更多
Three-dimensional (3-D) matched filtering has been suggested as a powerful processing technique for detecting weak, moving IR point target immersed in a noisy field. Based on the theory of the 3-D matched filtering an...Three-dimensional (3-D) matched filtering has been suggested as a powerful processing technique for detecting weak, moving IR point target immersed in a noisy field. Based on the theory of the 3-D matched filtering and the optimal linear processing, the optimal point target detector is being analyzed in this paper. The performance of the detector is introduced in detail. The results provide a standard reference to evaluate the performance of any other point target detection algorithms.展开更多
99Tc is a fission product, and it has high fission yield (6%) and very long half-life (2.1×105 a). With the movement of nucleus, the concentration of 99Tc is increasing in the circumstance. So it's important ...99Tc is a fission product, and it has high fission yield (6%) and very long half-life (2.1×105 a). With the movement of nucleus, the concentration of 99Tc is increasing in the circumstance. So it's important to measure the concentration of 99Tc in the circumstance, and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) might be the best method for 99Tc measurement. The 93Nb is used for AMS instrument normalization, sample matrix. And we used the difference of energy loss and deducting the isotope to measure the 99Tc in a series of standard samples. And the results show that the AMS is the feasible measurement method.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12125505).
文摘The PICOSEC Micromegas(MM)is a precise timing gaseous detector based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled with a semi-transparent photocathode and an MM amplifying structure.It features a two-stage amplification process that leads to a significant deterioration of non-uniformity when scaling up to larger areas.Since the performance of gaseous detectors is highly dependent on the choice of working gas,optimizing the gas mixture offers a promising solution to improve the uniformity performance.This paper addresses these challenges through a combined approach of simulation based on Garfield++and experimental studies.The simulation investigates the properties of different mixing fractions of gas mixtures and their impact on detector performance,including gain uniformity and time resolution.To verify the simulation results,experimental tests were conducted using a multi-channel PICOSEC MM prototype with different gas mixtures.The experimental results are consistent with the findings of the simulation,indicating that a higher concentration of neon significantly improves the detector’s gain uniformity.Furthermore,the influence of gas mixtures on time resolution was explored as a critical performance indicator.The study presented in this paper offers valuable insights for improving uniformity in large-area PICOSEC MM detectors and optimizing overall performance.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1404602)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0580000)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23B2045,62305362)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(22XD1424400)the Fund of SITP Innovation Foundation(CX-461 and CX-522)Special Project to Seize the Commanding Heights of Science and Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,subtopic(GJ0090406-6).
文摘The polarization properties of light are widely applied in imaging,communications,materials analy⁃sis,and life sciences.Various methods have been developed that can measure the polarization information of a target.However,conventional polarization detection systems are often bulky and complex,limiting their poten⁃tial for broader applications.To address the challenges of miniaturization,integrated polarization detectors have been extensively explored in recent years,achieving significant advancements in performance and functionality.In this review,we focus mainly on integrated polarization detectors with innovative features,including infinitely high polarization discrimination,ultrahigh sensitivity to polarization state change,full Stokes parameters measure⁃ment,and simultaneous perception of polarization and other key properties of light.Lastly,we discuss the oppor⁃tunities and challenges for the future development of integrated polarization photodetectors.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61904183,61974152,62104237,62004205)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y202057)+1 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Rising-Star Program(20QA1410500)Shanghai Sail Plans(21YF1455000)。
文摘In the realm of near-infrared spectroscopy,the detection of molecules has been achieved using on-chip waveguides and resonators.In the mid-infrared band,the integration and sensitivity of chemical sensing chips are often constrained by the reliance on off-chip light sources and detectors.In this study,we demonstrate an InAs/GaAsSb superlattice mid-infrared waveguide integrated detector.The GaAsSb waveguide layer and the InAs/GaAsSb superlattice absorbing layer are connected through evanescent coupling,facilitating efficient and highquality detection of mid-infrared light with minimal loss.We conducted a simulation to analyze the photoelectric characteristics of the device.Additionally,we investigated the factors that affect the integration of the InAs/GaAs⁃Sb superlattice photodetector and the GaAsSb waveguide.Optimal thicknesses and lengths for the absorption lay⁃er are determined.When the absorption layer has a thickness of 0.3μm and a length of 50μm,the noise equiva⁃lent power reaches its minimum value,and the quantum efficiency can achieve a value of 68.9%.The utilization of waveguide detectors constructed with Ⅲ-Ⅴ materials offers a more convenient means of integrating mid-infra⁃red light sources and achieving photoelectric detection chips.
文摘Space environment exploration is a hot topic globally.The scope of space exploration ranges from near-Earth space to the moon,other planets in the solar system,and even the heliosphere and interplanetary space.It is used for various crucial applications,including aerospace technology development,space weather research,understanding the origin and evolution of the universe,searching for extraterrestrial life,and finding human livable places.Although China’s space environment exploration started late,its progress has been rapid.China is gradually narrowing the gap with advanced countries and may eventually lead the world in space research.This article briefly reviews the development history of China’s space environmental detectors.
基金supported by the Key Army Pre-research Projects of China(30107030803)
文摘Aiming at a novel missile-borne detector in the optional burst height proximity fuze, a self-adaptive high-resolution forward-looking imaging algorithm (SAHRFL-IA) is presented. The echo data are captured by the missile-borne detector in the target regions;thereby the azimuth angulation accuracy at the same distance dimension is improved dynamically. Thus, azimuth information of the targets in the detection area may be obtained accurately. The proposed imaging algorithm breaks through the conventional misconception of merely using azimuth discrimination curves under ideal conditions during monopulse angulation. The real-time echo data from the target region are used to perform error correction for this discrimination curve, and finally the accuracy of the azimuth angulation may reach the optimum at the same distance dimension. A series of experiments demonstrate the validity, reliability and high performance of the proposed imaging algorithm. Azimuth angulation accuracy may reach ten times that of the detection beam width. Meanwhile, the running time of this algorithm satisfies the requirements of missile-borne platforms.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1602200)the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(211134KYSB20200057).
文摘The study of the charge conjugation and parity(CP)violation of hyperon is the precision frontier for probing possible new CP violation sources beyond the standard model(SM).With the large number of quantum entangled hyperonantihyperon pairs to be produced at Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF),the CP asymmetry of hyperon is expected to be tested with a statistical sensitivity of 10^(−4) or even better.To cope with the statistical precision,the systematic effects from various aspects are critical and need to be studied in detail.In this paper,the sensitivity effects on the CP violation parameters associated with the detector resolution,including those of the position and momentum,are studied and discussed in detail.The results provide valuable guidance for the design of STCF detector.
文摘To detect space gravitational waves in the extremely low-frequency band,the telescope and optic-al platform require high stability and reliability.However,the cantilevered design presents challenges,espe-cially in the glass-metal hetero-bonding process.This study focuses on the analysis and experimental re-search of the bonding layer in the integrated structure.By optimizing the structural configuration and select-ing suitable bonding processes,the reliability of the telescope system is enhanced.The research indicates that using J-133 adhesive achieves the best performance,with a bonding layer thickness of 0.30 mm and a metal substrate surface roughness of Ra 0.8.These findings significantly enhance the reliability of the optical sys-tem while minimizing potential risks.
文摘For segmented detectors,surface flatness is critical as it directly influences both energy resolution and image clarity.Additionally,the limited adjustment range of the segmented detectors necessitates precise benchmark construction.This paper proposes an architecture for detecting detector flatness based on channel spectral dispersion.By measuring the dispersion fringes for coplanar adjustment,the final adjustment residual is improved to better than 300 nm.This result validates the feasibility of the proposed technology and provides significant technical support for the development of next-generation large-aperture sky survey equipment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62371049)。
文摘In engineering application,there is only one adaptive weights estimated by most of traditional early warning radars for adaptive interference suppression in a pulse reputation interval(PRI).Therefore,if the training samples used to calculate the weight vector does not contain the jamming,then the jamming cannot be removed by adaptive spatial filtering.If the weight vector is constantly updated in the range dimension,the training data may contain target echo signals,resulting in signal cancellation effect.To cope with the situation that the training samples are contaminated by target signal,an iterative training sample selection method based on non-homogeneous detector(NHD)is proposed in this paper for updating the weight vector in entire range dimension.The principle is presented,and the validity is proven by simulation results.
文摘Standard GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors(QWIP)have been seriously considered as atechnological choice for the 3^(rd) generation of thermal imagers in the long wave infrared band(LWIR)for some time.Alternative technology like MCT(HgCdTe)was the technology choice of the 2^(nd) generation because of its high quantum efficiency.In the paper,measurements on the QWIP technology will be presented and a comparison with alternative technology will be done.
文摘A novel approach is proposed for speckle reduction in multilook full polarimetric SAR images. In contrast to others, this approach adopts an enhanced structure detection method to estimate the parameters of the polarimetric covariance matrix for the multilook polarimetric whitening filtering （MPWF） algorithm and thus a structural adaptive and optimal speckle filter is developed. To evaluate the present approach, NASA SIR-C/X- SAR, L band, four-look processed polarimetric SAR data of the Tian-Mountain Forest is used for simulation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this novel filtering algorithm in case of both speckle reduction and preservation of texture information. Comparisons with other methods are also made.
基金supported by the State Key Program of Basic Research of China under Grant No.613196the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61673066。
文摘Signal modulation is an essential design factor for proximity detectors and directly affects the system's potential performance.In order to achieve the advantages of chaotic codes bi-phase modulation(CCBPM)and linear frequency modulation(LFM) simultaneously,this paper designed a waveform which combined chaotic codes bi-phase modulation and linear frequency modulation(CCBPM-LFM) for proximity detectors.The CCBPM-LFM waveform was analyzed in the aspect of time delay resolution(TDR) and Doppler tolerance(DT) based on ambiguity function(AF).Then,a ranging method,which we called instant correlation harmonic demodulation(ICHD),was presented for the detector using the CCBPM-LFM waveform.By combining time domain instant correlation with harmonic demodulation,the ICHD solved the problem caused by combination modulation and made the most of the linear frequency modulation(LFM) harmonics and the correlation of chaotic codes.Finally,a prototype was implemented and ranging experiments were carried out.From the theoretical analysis and experimental results,the proximity detector used the CCBPM-LFM waveform has an outstanding detection performance.
文摘Three-dimensional (3-D) matched filtering has been suggested as a powerful processing technique for detecting weak, moving IR point target immersed in a noisy field. Based on the theory of the 3-D matched filtering and the optimal linear processing, the optimal point target detector is being analyzed in this paper. The performance of the detector is introduced in detail. The results provide a standard reference to evaluate the performance of any other point target detection algorithms.
文摘99Tc is a fission product, and it has high fission yield (6%) and very long half-life (2.1×105 a). With the movement of nucleus, the concentration of 99Tc is increasing in the circumstance. So it's important to measure the concentration of 99Tc in the circumstance, and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) might be the best method for 99Tc measurement. The 93Nb is used for AMS instrument normalization, sample matrix. And we used the difference of energy loss and deducting the isotope to measure the 99Tc in a series of standard samples. And the results show that the AMS is the feasible measurement method.
