This paper aims at two problems which exist in most of repairable spare part demand models at present: the exponential distribution as the basic assumption and one typical distribution corresponding to a model. A gene...This paper aims at two problems which exist in most of repairable spare part demand models at present: the exponential distribution as the basic assumption and one typical distribution corresponding to a model. A general repairable spare part demand model built on quasi birth-and-death process is developed. This model assumes that both the operational time of the unit and the maintenance time of the unit follow the continuous time phase type distributions. The first passage time distribution to be out of spares, the first mean time to be out of spares, and an algorithm to get the minimal amount of spares under certain restrictions are obtained. At the end of this paper, a numerical example is given.展开更多
为降低区域综合能源系统(regional integrated energy system, RIES)的碳排放、促进可再生能源消纳、优化系统运行成本,提出了碳交易机制下计及电转气(power to gas, P2G)及负荷柔性特征的RIES低碳经济调度策略。建立了阶梯式碳交易机制...为降低区域综合能源系统(regional integrated energy system, RIES)的碳排放、促进可再生能源消纳、优化系统运行成本,提出了碳交易机制下计及电转气(power to gas, P2G)及负荷柔性特征的RIES低碳经济调度策略。建立了阶梯式碳交易机制,两阶段、多模块P2G及柔性电、热、冷负荷的数学模型,并将其纳入RIES优化调度的框架;综合考虑碳交易成本、运行成本、负荷响应成本及弃风/弃光惩罚成本,建立了RIES的多能量耦合、多目标协同的优化调度模型;编制了RIES能量优化调度程序,开展了多种运行方式下的算例研究。结果表明:阶梯式碳交易机制能有效地降低碳排放,碳减排成本增量及微增率可作为配置碳交易机制参数的重要依据;“EL+MR+HFC+储氢罐”的4模块、两阶段精细化模型更准确地反映了P2G的运行特性;负荷侧全要素的柔性调度能够缓解用能高峰时段的供能压力,提升系统的综合运行效益。展开更多
基金Supported by National Defense Foundation of P. R. China (41319060206)
文摘This paper aims at two problems which exist in most of repairable spare part demand models at present: the exponential distribution as the basic assumption and one typical distribution corresponding to a model. A general repairable spare part demand model built on quasi birth-and-death process is developed. This model assumes that both the operational time of the unit and the maintenance time of the unit follow the continuous time phase type distributions. The first passage time distribution to be out of spares, the first mean time to be out of spares, and an algorithm to get the minimal amount of spares under certain restrictions are obtained. At the end of this paper, a numerical example is given.
文摘为降低区域综合能源系统(regional integrated energy system, RIES)的碳排放、促进可再生能源消纳、优化系统运行成本,提出了碳交易机制下计及电转气(power to gas, P2G)及负荷柔性特征的RIES低碳经济调度策略。建立了阶梯式碳交易机制,两阶段、多模块P2G及柔性电、热、冷负荷的数学模型,并将其纳入RIES优化调度的框架;综合考虑碳交易成本、运行成本、负荷响应成本及弃风/弃光惩罚成本,建立了RIES的多能量耦合、多目标协同的优化调度模型;编制了RIES能量优化调度程序,开展了多种运行方式下的算例研究。结果表明:阶梯式碳交易机制能有效地降低碳排放,碳减排成本增量及微增率可作为配置碳交易机制参数的重要依据;“EL+MR+HFC+储氢罐”的4模块、两阶段精细化模型更准确地反映了P2G的运行特性;负荷侧全要素的柔性调度能够缓解用能高峰时段的供能压力,提升系统的综合运行效益。
