Dairy industry is the pillar of Heilongjiang Province. The contractual relationship of the dairy supply chain played a vital role in the dairy industry for development. The contractual relationship between the main da...Dairy industry is the pillar of Heilongjiang Province. The contractual relationship of the dairy supply chain played a vital role in the dairy industry for development. The contractual relationship between the main dairy farming body and the dairy processing enterprise, as well as the impact of this contractual relationship on their cooperation in dairy supply chain were studied. Taking 366 dairy farming bodies in Heilongjiang Province as the main research objects, Likert scale was used to measure the factors affecting the contractual relationship and applied these factors to the correlation construction of dairy farming body and processing enterprise. Then, confirmatory factor analysis was used to collect data and made the conclusion that once dairy farming body perceived the opportunistic behavior and lacking of cooperation, the trust of dairy processing enterprise would be lost. Additionally, the satisfaction of dairy farming body on partnership also had a positive effect on the level of trust and commitment, the relative dependence and the perception of the partnerships, which made it possible to analyze how to strengthen the contractual relationship and provide theoretical basis for dairy industry development in Heilongjiang Province.展开更多
Applying dairy cow behavior in management practice is an effective way of improving cow health, welfare and performance. This paper first reviewed daily time budget and normal patterns of dairy cow behavior, and then ...Applying dairy cow behavior in management practice is an effective way of improving cow health, welfare and performance. This paper first reviewed daily time budget and normal patterns of dairy cow behavior, and then discussed the influence of major management conditions and practices （such as competitive environments, stocking density, grouping strategies） on cow＇s feeding, lying and social behavior. Finally, new findings of using feeding behavior to predict disorders in transition period were addressed. It was suggested that dairy researchers and farmers should take advantage of related knowledge of dairy cow behavior to improve dairy cow health and welfare. More research is required to further study dairy cow behavior so as to better apply it in practical management and meet the needs of production.展开更多
Mammary epithelial cells with lactational function can be a valuable cellular model for research of the development and regulation of the mammary gland.This paper describes some aspects of function of an epithelial ce...Mammary epithelial cells with lactational function can be a valuable cellular model for research of the development and regulation of the mammary gland.This paper describes some aspects of function of an epithelial cell line from the mammary gland of the dairy goat.SDS-PAGE,triglyceride and lactose content of cultured cells were used to assess synthetic function of cells and the effects of exposure to insulin and prolactin.Results show that goat mammary epithelial cells can synthesize fat,proteins and lactose when they were cultured in DMEM-F12 medium with added EGF,IGF-1,ITS and FBS.There were no obvious changes after 48h treatment with additional insulin.Prolactin added to the basal medium significantly increased synthesis of proteins and lactose.A mammary gland epithelial cell line from goats which has lactational function has been established.This outcome provides a valuable and convenient model system.展开更多
The experiment was conducted to determine effects of different dietary cation-anion difference（DCAD） in diets on ruminal fluid pH and fiber degradation in rumen of Laoshan dairy goats. A 4×4 latin square design...The experiment was conducted to determine effects of different dietary cation-anion difference（DCAD） in diets on ruminal fluid pH and fiber degradation in rumen of Laoshan dairy goats. A 4×4 latin square design was adopted. DCAD in different groups was 0, 50, 100, 200 mEq·kg^-1 of DM, respectively. The results of ruminal pH indicated that different DCAD could significantly influence the ruminal pH （P〈0.05） and ruminal fluid pH increased as DCAD increased from 0 to 200 mEq·kg^-1 of DM at different sampling time-points. There was no effect of DCAD on carboxymethyl cellulase in ruminal fluid at 4 h and 8 h postfeeding （P〉0.05）. Degradation ofNDF, ADF, CF peaked at a DCAD of 100 mEq·kg^-1 of DM. It could be concluded that DCAD of 100 mEq·kg^-1 of DM was advantage to non-pregnancy, non-lactication Laoshan dairy goat.展开更多
The major objective of this study was to determine the effect of corn straw or mixed diet on the small molecule metabolites of liver and milk production of healthy Chinese Holstein cows during lactation.In this study,...The major objective of this study was to determine the effect of corn straw or mixed diet on the small molecule metabolites of liver and milk production of healthy Chinese Holstein cows during lactation.In this study,metabolomic methods based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)were used to study the liver metabolites of dairy cows fed on corn straw diet or mixed diet.Ten healthy Chinese Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two groups,under the same management condition,fed different diets respectively,corn straw group(CS)or a mixture of alfalfa hay and Chinese wild rye hay mixed forage group(MF).All the cows were fed for 8 weeks and recorded body weight,dry matter intake,body condition score,fat,protein,lactose,milk yield and the total solids.Livers were sampled from each cow through a liver puncture needle for analysis of a significant difference in small molecule metabolites in cow liver samples from the two different diets.The results suggested that different diet types had significant effects on liver metabolism and milk components in dairy cows.The contents of milk fat,the total solids,milk protein,lactose,dry matter intake(DMI),milk yield,milk protein(%),lactose(%)and milk fat(%)of the corn straw group were significantly lower than those of the mixed forage group(p<0.05);the contents of phosphatidylcholine(PC),histidine,hypoxanthine and mridine in liver tissues of the corn straw group were significantly lower than those in the mixed forage group(p<0.05);acetylcarnitine,uric acid,triacylglycerol(TG),acetal phosphatidylcholine(plasmenyl-PC),acetalphosphatidylethanolamine(plasmenyl-PE)and sphingomyelin(SM)of the corn straw group were significantly higher than those in the mixed forage group(p<0.05).In summary,cows fed on mixed forage diet significantly improved milk yield and lactation performance clearly.展开更多
Fatty liver in dairy cows, which is associated with decreased metabolic function of the liver, develops during times of elevated non-esterified fatty acid （NEFA） concentrations in the blood when the hepatic uptake o...Fatty liver in dairy cows, which is associated with decreased metabolic function of the liver, develops during times of elevated non-esterified fatty acid （NEFA） concentrations in the blood when the hepatic uptake of lipids exceeds the oxidation and secretion of lipids by the liver and then it will cause hepatic accumulation of triglyceride （TG）. The condition is often related to decreased health status, well-being, productivity, and reproductive performance of cows. Prevention of fatty liver in the transition period is always better than any treatments. The nutritional preventative strategies mainly focus either on decreasing the supply of NEFA to liver, and it aims to improve liver function or optimize the capacity then to dispose of NEFA by exporting them as triglycerides in lipoproteins （VLDL）. Good dry cow nutritional programs, combined with excellent feeding management to achieve high levels of dry matter intake throughout the transition period should be the first priority for management. Several different compounds can promote these metabolic actions. The addition of glucose precursors such as glycerol, propyelene glycol, or propionate salts to the feed in the transition diet can modify metabolism in a manner to decrease fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue and reduce the likelihood of liver TG accumulation. Supplying some other specific nutrients to dairy cows during the transition period may increase rates of NEFA disposal, with resulting effects on performance, though the hepatic capacities for export as triglycerides within VLDL are relatively limited in ruminants. Further studies examining nutritional and management strategies are required to develop new preventive or treatment options that are more practical to reduce the occurrence of fatty liver and its adverse metabolic effects.展开更多
The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a corn straw or mixed diet on milk production, milk composition and the expression of genes associated with lactation in mid-lactation Chinese Holstein cow...The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a corn straw or mixed diet on milk production, milk composition and the expression of genes associated with lactation in mid-lactation Chinese Holstein cows. In this study, 10 healthy Chinese Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two groups and fed with different diets respectively, corn straw （CS） or mixed forage （MF） diet. CS group was fed roughage consisting of 53.8% corn straw only and the forge to concentrate （F ： C） ratio [dry matter （DM）] was about 40： 60. MF group was fed roughage consisting of 3.7% Chinese wildrye and 23.4% alfalfa hay, the forge to concentrate （F ： C） ratio （DM） was 70： 30. All the cows were fed 8 weeks and body weight, dry matter intake, body condition score, fat, protein, lactose, milk yield, total solid and somatic cell count （SCC） were recorded. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） was used to analyze cow mammary gland samples representing two different diets. The results suggested that different diet types had significant effects on milk yield, lactose, milk fat, milk protein, dry matter intake and somatic cell count in dairy cows, and cows fed MF diet improved milk production and lactation performance clearly （P〈0.05）. In addition, mRNA expression of genes ACC, roTOR, STATS, CSN2, PPAR）,, FABP3 and PTEN in MF group was extremely significantly higher than that in CS group （P〈0.05）. mRNA expression ofAKT1, FAS, SCD and SREBPlc in MF group was significantly higher than that in CS group （P〈0.01）. In summary, the milk yield and composition in mixed forage group were significantly improved than those in corn straw group.展开更多
Nicotinic acid (N.C.)and choline were given orally to the periparturient cows to treat and prevent fatty liver.Blood parameters of glucose,β-hydroxybutyrate,albumin,total protein,magnesium,aspartate aminotransferase(...Nicotinic acid (N.C.)and choline were given orally to the periparturient cows to treat and prevent fatty liver.Blood parameters of glucose,β-hydroxybutyrate,albumin,total protein,magnesium,aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA)weremeasured.There were no significant differences betWeen the treated and untreated groups in theplasma concentrations of albumin,total, protein and magnesium.Significant decrease in plasmaconcentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate,NEFA and AST were observed in the treated cows followiug administration of N.C.and choline.All the fatty liver cows(100% )treated with N.C.andcholine recovered within 5 weeks after calving compared with 71.4%(5/7) of untreated cows recovered.The incident rate of fatty liver postpartum in the cows with N.C.and cholinc given 2 weeksbefore calving was 30%(3/10),and the affected cows had a range of mild to moderate fatty liverwhilst the incident rate was 50% (5/10)in the untreated cows,which had a range of mild to ofsevere fatty liver.Meanwhile,the treated cows had a significant higher prodection of milk and shorter intervals from calving to uterine involution, to the first postpartum ovulation and to conception.展开更多
The object of this study was to investigate the effects of chromium propionate replacing 25%rumen-protected choline(RPC)on production performance and blood indicators of perinatal dairy cows.According to the principle...The object of this study was to investigate the effects of chromium propionate replacing 25%rumen-protected choline(RPC)on production performance and blood indicators of perinatal dairy cows.According to the principle of ensuring that chromium propionate and RPC were fed 14 days prepartum,27 healthy Holstein cows(age,parity,lactation volume,body condition and expectancy were similar)were randomly divided into three groups(GroupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢ),with nine cows in each group.Cows in GroupⅠwere fed basal diets;cows in GroupⅡwere fed the same basal diets with 10 g•d-1 RPC per cow;and cows in GroupⅢwere fed the same basal diets,but 7.5 g RPC and 2.5 g chromium propionate(4 mg chromium)per cow.The results showed that dry matter intake(DMI)of prepartum in GroupsⅡandⅢwas significantly increased(P<0.05),compared with GroupⅠ;however,there was no significant difference between GroupsⅡandⅢ(P>0.05).The milk fat content in GroupⅢwas significantly higher than that in GroupⅠon the 7th day of postpartum(P<0.05).The urea nitrogen content in GroupsⅡandⅢsignificantly lower than that in GroupⅠon the 21st day of postpartum(P<0.05),but there were no significant difference between GroupsⅡandⅢ(P>0.05).The somatic cell counts in GroupⅢwere significantly lower than those in GroupsⅠandⅡon the 14th and 21st days of postpartum(P<0.05).The contents of the total cholesterol in GroupⅢdecreased significantly compared to GroupⅡon the 7th day of prepartum,on the day of calving and the 7th day of postpartum(P<0.05).The concentration of high-density lipoprotein(HDL)in GroupⅢwas significantly higher than that in GroupⅡon the 7th day of prepartum,on the day of calving and the 7th day of postpartum(P<0.05).On the 7th day of postpartum the concentration of insulin in GroupⅢwas obviously higher than that in GroupⅡ(P<0.05).In summary,replacing 25%of rumen-protected choline with chromium propionate reduced production costs and improved dairy farming benefits.展开更多
(2006.12-2007.11)Dairy Science Abstracts 2006 VOL68NO.126643 YIN FUQUAN;LIU RUIFANG;YU LEI;GAERDI[Theeffects of different seeds of oil crops supplementen in dailydiet for lactating cows and the effects on rumenmetabol...(2006.12-2007.11)Dairy Science Abstracts 2006 VOL68NO.126643 YIN FUQUAN;LIU RUIFANG;YU LEI;GAERDI[Theeffects of different seeds of oil crops supplementen in dailydiet for lactating cows and the effects on rumenmetabolism and the apparent nutrient digestibility]ChinaDairy Industry(2005)33(11)23-26(尹福泉,刘瑞芳,于磊,嘎尔迪不同油料籽实对奶牛瘤胃代谢及养分表观消化率的影响)展开更多
Twenty-nine facultative anaerobic cellulose-degrading bacteria were isolated from soil, rumen fluid, rumen residues and diet of dairy cow. Based on 16 Sr DNA analysis by BLAST algorithm method, the results showed that...Twenty-nine facultative anaerobic cellulose-degrading bacteria were isolated from soil, rumen fluid, rumen residues and diet of dairy cow. Based on 16 Sr DNA analysis by BLAST algorithm method, the results showed that most of the strains were Bacillus genera, and six of the 29 strains were bigger than 10 mm of diameter of clear zones. For them, two strains were isolated from rumen fluid(L5 and L7) and other two were isolated from rumen residue(N5 and N9), while others were isolated from soil(T1) and diet(S6), respectively. Strains from rumen fluid and residue had higher activities of FPCase and CMCase, but lower β-glucosidases.展开更多
The lactating mammary gland is a prodigious protein-producing factory, but the milk protein synthesis mechanisms are not well understood. The major objective of this paper was to elucidate which genes and pathways wer...The lactating mammary gland is a prodigious protein-producing factory, but the milk protein synthesis mechanisms are not well understood. The major objective of this paper was to elucidate which genes and pathways were involved in the regulation of milk protein synthesis in the dairy goat mammary gland. Total 36 primiparous Guanzhong dairy goats were allotted in 12 groups according to their mammary development stages： days 90 and 150 of virgin, days 30, 90, and 150 of pregnancy, days 1, 10, 35, and 60 of lactation and days 3, 7, and 21 of involution （three animals per group）. Mammary tissue RNA was isolated for quantitative real- time RT-PCR of four casein genes alpha-s 1 casein （CSN 1S 1 ）, alpha-s2 casein （CSN 1 S2）, beta-casein （CSN2） and casein kappa （CSN3）, four whey protein genes lactoglobulin （LGB）, laetalbumin （LALBA）, laetofarrin （LTF）, and Whey acidic protein （WAP） and the genes which were potentially to regulate dairy goat milk protein synthesis at the level of transcription or translation [prolactin receptor （PRLR）, AKT1, signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 （STAT5）, E74-Like Factor 5 （ELF5）, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 （EIF4E-BP1）, S6kinase （S6K） and caveolin 1]. The results showed that all genes were up-regulated in lactation period. The expressions of PRLR, AKT1, STAT5, ELF5, and S6K were similar to mRNA expressions of milk proteins. Our results indicated that milk protein synthesis in dairy goat mammary gland was possibly regulated by these genes.展开更多
This paper elaborated dairy consumption status in Heilongjiang Province from seven aspects： dairy total consumption, comparison of dairy consumption between urban and rural, dairy consumption under different income l...This paper elaborated dairy consumption status in Heilongjiang Province from seven aspects： dairy total consumption, comparison of dairy consumption between urban and rural, dairy consumption under different income levels, consumption category structure, consumption brand structure, consumption channels and consumer information source. On this basis, factors affecting dairy consumption and trends of dairy consumption were further analyzed. The result showed that dairy consumption potential of Heilongjiang Province should be excavated. On one hand, rural consumer market should be further developed; on the other hand, dairy consumption market should be further broken down to meet different needs of different groups of people.展开更多
Based on the investigation and research on 75 dairy farms in Heilongjiang Province, evaluation index system of dairy farm market risk was set up, and dairy farm market risks were divided into pairing risk, price risk,...Based on the investigation and research on 75 dairy farms in Heilongjiang Province, evaluation index system of dairy farm market risk was set up, and dairy farm market risks were divided into pairing risk, price risk, production risk, contract risk and policy risk, five aspects of a total of 12 assessment indicators. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the market risk. The evaluation results showed that the market risk of dairy farms in Heilongjiang Province was at low risk; however, the policy risk was high. Finally, according to the results of the assessment, the suggestions was made as the followings： the government should expand the scope of policy insurance for dairy farming, vigorously promote the development of cooperative organizations and intermediary organizations in dairy farms by purchasing services through government, increase their functional roles and establish strict supervision mechanisms, including the establishment of official advice hotline and consultation channel online and improving third-party testing mechanism; government and the department of management industry would improve their abilities of management and do a good job of training and guiding.展开更多
A lactating dairy cow mammary epithelial cell(DCMEC)model is useful for studying milk synthesis and lactation in the dairy cow mammary gland.However,the cells can only maintain their original characteristics for a lim...A lactating dairy cow mammary epithelial cell(DCMEC)model is useful for studying milk synthesis and lactation in the dairy cow mammary gland.However,the cells can only maintain their original characteristics for a limited period in vitro.Thus,the proliferative capacity and lactation pattern of subcultured DCMECs need to be characterized.In the present study,subcultured DCMECs appeared to proliferate without changes in morphology or growth pattern up to the 12th passage.Subculturing had no obvious effect on the lactation capacity of the subcultured DCMEC up to the 10th passage in vitro.These results indicated that the DCMEC line could be subpassaged up to 10 times and still maintain its original milk synthesis characteristics.Moreover,DCMECs were frozen using different methods,and the method of placing the vials in the foam box was determined after cryopreservation with the best adherence of 91.2%.This method was recommended for long-term cryopreservation for DCMECs.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(71303040)Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation 54 Group of First Aid(2013M540268)the Fund Project of Humanities and Social Science of Youth in Research of the Ministry of Education(13YJC790142)
文摘Dairy industry is the pillar of Heilongjiang Province. The contractual relationship of the dairy supply chain played a vital role in the dairy industry for development. The contractual relationship between the main dairy farming body and the dairy processing enterprise, as well as the impact of this contractual relationship on their cooperation in dairy supply chain were studied. Taking 366 dairy farming bodies in Heilongjiang Province as the main research objects, Likert scale was used to measure the factors affecting the contractual relationship and applied these factors to the correlation construction of dairy farming body and processing enterprise. Then, confirmatory factor analysis was used to collect data and made the conclusion that once dairy farming body perceived the opportunistic behavior and lacking of cooperation, the trust of dairy processing enterprise would be lost. Additionally, the satisfaction of dairy farming body on partnership also had a positive effect on the level of trust and commitment, the relative dependence and the perception of the partnerships, which made it possible to analyze how to strengthen the contractual relationship and provide theoretical basis for dairy industry development in Heilongjiang Province.
文摘Applying dairy cow behavior in management practice is an effective way of improving cow health, welfare and performance. This paper first reviewed daily time budget and normal patterns of dairy cow behavior, and then discussed the influence of major management conditions and practices （such as competitive environments, stocking density, grouping strategies） on cow＇s feeding, lying and social behavior. Finally, new findings of using feeding behavior to predict disorders in transition period were addressed. It was suggested that dairy researchers and farmers should take advantage of related knowledge of dairy cow behavior to improve dairy cow health and welfare. More research is required to further study dairy cow behavior so as to better apply it in practical management and meet the needs of production.
基金supported by Innovation Team Project of Northeast Agricultural Vniversity(XLT005-1-2)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Heilongjiang Educational Committee(HLJBSDJI2004-15)
文摘Mammary epithelial cells with lactational function can be a valuable cellular model for research of the development and regulation of the mammary gland.This paper describes some aspects of function of an epithelial cell line from the mammary gland of the dairy goat.SDS-PAGE,triglyceride and lactose content of cultured cells were used to assess synthetic function of cells and the effects of exposure to insulin and prolactin.Results show that goat mammary epithelial cells can synthesize fat,proteins and lactose when they were cultured in DMEM-F12 medium with added EGF,IGF-1,ITS and FBS.There were no obvious changes after 48h treatment with additional insulin.Prolactin added to the basal medium significantly increased synthesis of proteins and lactose.A mammary gland epithelial cell line from goats which has lactational function has been established.This outcome provides a valuable and convenient model system.
基金Supported by Grant of Qingdao Agricultural University
文摘The experiment was conducted to determine effects of different dietary cation-anion difference（DCAD） in diets on ruminal fluid pH and fiber degradation in rumen of Laoshan dairy goats. A 4×4 latin square design was adopted. DCAD in different groups was 0, 50, 100, 200 mEq·kg^-1 of DM, respectively. The results of ruminal pH indicated that different DCAD could significantly influence the ruminal pH （P〈0.05） and ruminal fluid pH increased as DCAD increased from 0 to 200 mEq·kg^-1 of DM at different sampling time-points. There was no effect of DCAD on carboxymethyl cellulase in ruminal fluid at 4 h and 8 h postfeeding （P〉0.05）. Degradation ofNDF, ADF, CF peaked at a DCAD of 100 mEq·kg^-1 of DM. It could be concluded that DCAD of 100 mEq·kg^-1 of DM was advantage to non-pregnancy, non-lactication Laoshan dairy goat.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101784)Funds for Young Researchers from Northeast Agricultural University(14QC43)。
文摘The major objective of this study was to determine the effect of corn straw or mixed diet on the small molecule metabolites of liver and milk production of healthy Chinese Holstein cows during lactation.In this study,metabolomic methods based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)were used to study the liver metabolites of dairy cows fed on corn straw diet or mixed diet.Ten healthy Chinese Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two groups,under the same management condition,fed different diets respectively,corn straw group(CS)or a mixture of alfalfa hay and Chinese wild rye hay mixed forage group(MF).All the cows were fed for 8 weeks and recorded body weight,dry matter intake,body condition score,fat,protein,lactose,milk yield and the total solids.Livers were sampled from each cow through a liver puncture needle for analysis of a significant difference in small molecule metabolites in cow liver samples from the two different diets.The results suggested that different diet types had significant effects on liver metabolism and milk components in dairy cows.The contents of milk fat,the total solids,milk protein,lactose,dry matter intake(DMI),milk yield,milk protein(%),lactose(%)and milk fat(%)of the corn straw group were significantly lower than those of the mixed forage group(p<0.05);the contents of phosphatidylcholine(PC),histidine,hypoxanthine and mridine in liver tissues of the corn straw group were significantly lower than those in the mixed forage group(p<0.05);acetylcarnitine,uric acid,triacylglycerol(TG),acetal phosphatidylcholine(plasmenyl-PC),acetalphosphatidylethanolamine(plasmenyl-PE)and sphingomyelin(SM)of the corn straw group were significantly higher than those in the mixed forage group(p<0.05).In summary,cows fed on mixed forage diet significantly improved milk yield and lactation performance clearly.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Funds (30300259)
文摘Fatty liver in dairy cows, which is associated with decreased metabolic function of the liver, develops during times of elevated non-esterified fatty acid （NEFA） concentrations in the blood when the hepatic uptake of lipids exceeds the oxidation and secretion of lipids by the liver and then it will cause hepatic accumulation of triglyceride （TG）. The condition is often related to decreased health status, well-being, productivity, and reproductive performance of cows. Prevention of fatty liver in the transition period is always better than any treatments. The nutritional preventative strategies mainly focus either on decreasing the supply of NEFA to liver, and it aims to improve liver function or optimize the capacity then to dispose of NEFA by exporting them as triglycerides in lipoproteins （VLDL）. Good dry cow nutritional programs, combined with excellent feeding management to achieve high levels of dry matter intake throughout the transition period should be the first priority for management. Several different compounds can promote these metabolic actions. The addition of glucose precursors such as glycerol, propyelene glycol, or propionate salts to the feed in the transition diet can modify metabolism in a manner to decrease fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue and reduce the likelihood of liver TG accumulation. Supplying some other specific nutrients to dairy cows during the transition period may increase rates of NEFA disposal, with resulting effects on performance, though the hepatic capacities for export as triglycerides within VLDL are relatively limited in ruminants. Further studies examining nutritional and management strategies are required to develop new preventive or treatment options that are more practical to reduce the occurrence of fatty liver and its adverse metabolic effects.
基金Supported by Fund of the National Basic Research Program of China(973)(2011CB100804)
文摘The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a corn straw or mixed diet on milk production, milk composition and the expression of genes associated with lactation in mid-lactation Chinese Holstein cows. In this study, 10 healthy Chinese Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two groups and fed with different diets respectively, corn straw （CS） or mixed forage （MF） diet. CS group was fed roughage consisting of 53.8% corn straw only and the forge to concentrate （F ： C） ratio [dry matter （DM）] was about 40： 60. MF group was fed roughage consisting of 3.7% Chinese wildrye and 23.4% alfalfa hay, the forge to concentrate （F ： C） ratio （DM） was 70： 30. All the cows were fed 8 weeks and body weight, dry matter intake, body condition score, fat, protein, lactose, milk yield, total solid and somatic cell count （SCC） were recorded. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） was used to analyze cow mammary gland samples representing two different diets. The results suggested that different diet types had significant effects on milk yield, lactose, milk fat, milk protein, dry matter intake and somatic cell count in dairy cows, and cows fed MF diet improved milk production and lactation performance clearly （P〈0.05）. In addition, mRNA expression of genes ACC, roTOR, STATS, CSN2, PPAR）,, FABP3 and PTEN in MF group was extremely significantly higher than that in CS group （P〈0.05）. mRNA expression ofAKT1, FAS, SCD and SREBPlc in MF group was significantly higher than that in CS group （P〈0.01）. In summary, the milk yield and composition in mixed forage group were significantly improved than those in corn straw group.
文摘Nicotinic acid (N.C.)and choline were given orally to the periparturient cows to treat and prevent fatty liver.Blood parameters of glucose,β-hydroxybutyrate,albumin,total protein,magnesium,aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA)weremeasured.There were no significant differences betWeen the treated and untreated groups in theplasma concentrations of albumin,total, protein and magnesium.Significant decrease in plasmaconcentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate,NEFA and AST were observed in the treated cows followiug administration of N.C.and choline.All the fatty liver cows(100% )treated with N.C.andcholine recovered within 5 weeks after calving compared with 71.4%(5/7) of untreated cows recovered.The incident rate of fatty liver postpartum in the cows with N.C.and cholinc given 2 weeksbefore calving was 30%(3/10),and the affected cows had a range of mild to moderate fatty liverwhilst the incident rate was 50% (5/10)in the untreated cows,which had a range of mild to ofsevere fatty liver.Meanwhile,the treated cows had a significant higher prodection of milk and shorter intervals from calving to uterine involution, to the first postpartum ovulation and to conception.
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-36)。
文摘The object of this study was to investigate the effects of chromium propionate replacing 25%rumen-protected choline(RPC)on production performance and blood indicators of perinatal dairy cows.According to the principle of ensuring that chromium propionate and RPC were fed 14 days prepartum,27 healthy Holstein cows(age,parity,lactation volume,body condition and expectancy were similar)were randomly divided into three groups(GroupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢ),with nine cows in each group.Cows in GroupⅠwere fed basal diets;cows in GroupⅡwere fed the same basal diets with 10 g•d-1 RPC per cow;and cows in GroupⅢwere fed the same basal diets,but 7.5 g RPC and 2.5 g chromium propionate(4 mg chromium)per cow.The results showed that dry matter intake(DMI)of prepartum in GroupsⅡandⅢwas significantly increased(P<0.05),compared with GroupⅠ;however,there was no significant difference between GroupsⅡandⅢ(P>0.05).The milk fat content in GroupⅢwas significantly higher than that in GroupⅠon the 7th day of postpartum(P<0.05).The urea nitrogen content in GroupsⅡandⅢsignificantly lower than that in GroupⅠon the 21st day of postpartum(P<0.05),but there were no significant difference between GroupsⅡandⅢ(P>0.05).The somatic cell counts in GroupⅢwere significantly lower than those in GroupsⅠandⅡon the 14th and 21st days of postpartum(P<0.05).The contents of the total cholesterol in GroupⅢdecreased significantly compared to GroupⅡon the 7th day of prepartum,on the day of calving and the 7th day of postpartum(P<0.05).The concentration of high-density lipoprotein(HDL)in GroupⅢwas significantly higher than that in GroupⅡon the 7th day of prepartum,on the day of calving and the 7th day of postpartum(P<0.05).On the 7th day of postpartum the concentration of insulin in GroupⅢwas obviously higher than that in GroupⅡ(P<0.05).In summary,replacing 25%of rumen-protected choline with chromium propionate reduced production costs and improved dairy farming benefits.
文摘(2006.12-2007.11)Dairy Science Abstracts 2006 VOL68NO.126643 YIN FUQUAN;LIU RUIFANG;YU LEI;GAERDI[Theeffects of different seeds of oil crops supplementen in dailydiet for lactating cows and the effects on rumenmetabolism and the apparent nutrient digestibility]ChinaDairy Industry(2005)33(11)23-26(尹福泉,刘瑞芳,于磊,嘎尔迪不同油料籽实对奶牛瘤胃代谢及养分表观消化率的影响)
基金Supported by Northeast Agricultural University Innovation Funding for Postgraduate(yjscx14007)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-37)
文摘Twenty-nine facultative anaerobic cellulose-degrading bacteria were isolated from soil, rumen fluid, rumen residues and diet of dairy cow. Based on 16 Sr DNA analysis by BLAST algorithm method, the results showed that most of the strains were Bacillus genera, and six of the 29 strains were bigger than 10 mm of diameter of clear zones. For them, two strains were isolated from rumen fluid(L5 and L7) and other two were isolated from rumen residue(N5 and N9), while others were isolated from soil(T1) and diet(S6), respectively. Strains from rumen fluid and residue had higher activities of FPCase and CMCase, but lower β-glucosidases.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2011CB100804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101784)Funds for Young Researchers from Northeast Agricultural University(14QC43)
文摘The lactating mammary gland is a prodigious protein-producing factory, but the milk protein synthesis mechanisms are not well understood. The major objective of this paper was to elucidate which genes and pathways were involved in the regulation of milk protein synthesis in the dairy goat mammary gland. Total 36 primiparous Guanzhong dairy goats were allotted in 12 groups according to their mammary development stages： days 90 and 150 of virgin, days 30, 90, and 150 of pregnancy, days 1, 10, 35, and 60 of lactation and days 3, 7, and 21 of involution （three animals per group）. Mammary tissue RNA was isolated for quantitative real- time RT-PCR of four casein genes alpha-s 1 casein （CSN 1S 1 ）, alpha-s2 casein （CSN 1 S2）, beta-casein （CSN2） and casein kappa （CSN3）, four whey protein genes lactoglobulin （LGB）, laetalbumin （LALBA）, laetofarrin （LTF）, and Whey acidic protein （WAP） and the genes which were potentially to regulate dairy goat milk protein synthesis at the level of transcription or translation [prolactin receptor （PRLR）, AKT1, signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 （STAT5）, E74-Like Factor 5 （ELF5）, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 （EIF4E-BP1）, S6kinase （S6K） and caveolin 1]. The results showed that all genes were up-regulated in lactation period. The expressions of PRLR, AKT1, STAT5, ELF5, and S6K were similar to mRNA expressions of milk proteins. Our results indicated that milk protein synthesis in dairy goat mammary gland was possibly regulated by these genes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(71173035)Scientific and Technological Project of Heilongjiang Province(GZ11D101)+1 种基金Dr.Start Fund of Northeast Agricultural University(2012RCB78)Construction of Milk Base in China(Cooperation Project with Mengniu Companies)
文摘This paper elaborated dairy consumption status in Heilongjiang Province from seven aspects： dairy total consumption, comparison of dairy consumption between urban and rural, dairy consumption under different income levels, consumption category structure, consumption brand structure, consumption channels and consumer information source. On this basis, factors affecting dairy consumption and trends of dairy consumption were further analyzed. The result showed that dairy consumption potential of Heilongjiang Province should be excavated. On one hand, rural consumer market should be further developed; on the other hand, dairy consumption market should be further broken down to meet different needs of different groups of people.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(71673042)the National Natural Science Foundation(71640017)+1 种基金the Special Research Fund for Doctoral Programs in Colleges and Universities(20132325110019)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(G201413)
文摘Based on the investigation and research on 75 dairy farms in Heilongjiang Province, evaluation index system of dairy farm market risk was set up, and dairy farm market risks were divided into pairing risk, price risk, production risk, contract risk and policy risk, five aspects of a total of 12 assessment indicators. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the market risk. The evaluation results showed that the market risk of dairy farms in Heilongjiang Province was at low risk; however, the policy risk was high. Finally, according to the results of the assessment, the suggestions was made as the followings： the government should expand the scope of policy insurance for dairy farming, vigorously promote the development of cooperative organizations and intermediary organizations in dairy farms by purchasing services through government, increase their functional roles and establish strict supervision mechanisms, including the establishment of official advice hotline and consultation channel online and improving third-party testing mechanism; government and the department of management industry would improve their abilities of management and do a good job of training and guiding.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601141)。
文摘A lactating dairy cow mammary epithelial cell(DCMEC)model is useful for studying milk synthesis and lactation in the dairy cow mammary gland.However,the cells can only maintain their original characteristics for a limited period in vitro.Thus,the proliferative capacity and lactation pattern of subcultured DCMECs need to be characterized.In the present study,subcultured DCMECs appeared to proliferate without changes in morphology or growth pattern up to the 12th passage.Subculturing had no obvious effect on the lactation capacity of the subcultured DCMEC up to the 10th passage in vitro.These results indicated that the DCMEC line could be subpassaged up to 10 times and still maintain its original milk synthesis characteristics.Moreover,DCMECs were frozen using different methods,and the method of placing the vials in the foam box was determined after cryopreservation with the best adherence of 91.2%.This method was recommended for long-term cryopreservation for DCMECs.
