After the sewage treatment, putting the wet sludge in which the heavy metal content is extremely low, corrupt and broken straw, bentonite, urea in proportioning according to the certain ratio, mixing well-distributed,...After the sewage treatment, putting the wet sludge in which the heavy metal content is extremely low, corrupt and broken straw, bentonite, urea in proportioning according to the certain ratio, mixing well-distributed, taking the shape of Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers, doing the dynamic bioleaching test by the method of Artificial rainfall simulation, researching the slow-release characteristic, water retention. When the mass ratio of the wet sludge whose water content is 82.5%: bentonite: corrupt and broken straw: urea is 62.5: 12.5: 12.5: 12.5, drip washing the 10g Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers by the 80ml distilled water after 48h, the residue rate of urea is 29.63%; Under the room temperature of 25 ℃, 77%RH, moisture evaporate 46.32% after 60 h. The results demonstrate that the slow-release fertilizer has a good release-effect of nitrogen and water conservation effect. It provides the basic for the development and application of the sewage in the aspect of Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers.展开更多
【目的】探索一次性根区穴施普通和控释尿素氮对玉米的增产增效作用,为玉米轻简化施肥提供理论依据。【方法】于2021—2022年在湖北荆州开展一次性根区施氮田间试验,供试作物为玉米。试验包括不施氮肥(CK)和农民习惯施肥(FFP,分次撒施尿...【目的】探索一次性根区穴施普通和控释尿素氮对玉米的增产增效作用,为玉米轻简化施肥提供理论依据。【方法】于2021—2022年在湖北荆州开展一次性根区施氮田间试验,供试作物为玉米。试验包括不施氮肥(CK)和农民习惯施肥(FFP,分次撒施尿素)两个对照处理,以及3个根区施肥处理:一次性根区穴施普通尿素(UR)、一次性根区穴施控释尿素(CRUR)和一次性根区穴施控释尿素并减氮25%(75%CRUR)。在玉米生育关键期(V6~R1)调查玉米株高、茎粗以及叶面积指数(LAI)、叶片SPAD值等,分析叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性;在成熟期调查生物产量和籽粒产量,计算氮素利用效率。【结果】与FFP相比,CRUR和75%CRUR处理在玉米生育前期对株高有矮化作用,对茎粗多无显著影响,但分别使LAI显著增加了18.9%~113.0%和6.5%~67.3%;UR处理对SPAD的影响无明显规律,而CRUR增加了SPAD值。此外,CRUR处理下叶片NR和GS活性增幅最大,比FFP处理分别显著提高35.9%~40.5%和31.4%~73.5%,比U R处理分别显著提高15.0%~27.1%和12.1%~44.7%;比75%C R U R处理的N R活性显著提高18.9%~21.8%,在VT和R1时期,分别比75%CRUR显著提高GS活性11.6%和10.8%。2021和2022年UR处理的产量与FFP相当,而CRUR比FFP分别显著增产11.6%和8.8%(P<0.05),75%CRUR只在2021年比FFP增产9.5%,在2022年增产不显著。与FFP相比,CRUR和75%CRUR显著降低了秃尖长,而UR处理降低了穗长(2022年)。2021和2022年CRUR和75%CRUR处理的氮肥利用效率比FFP处理均有显著增加,其中,75%CRUR处理氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)分别增加46.1%和41.1%,氮肥农学效率(NAE)分别增加106.9%和72.2%,氮肥贡献率(FCR)则分别增加39.3%和34.7%;UR处理的氮肥利用效率没有显著提升。整体上氮肥利用效率表现为:75%CRUR>CRUR>UR。【结论】一次性根区穴施控释尿素可减少了施肥次数并显著提高玉米产量和氮肥利用率,是适宜于现代化农业生产的高效施肥技术。但在该技术下氮肥减施的适用性还需进一步研究。展开更多
文摘After the sewage treatment, putting the wet sludge in which the heavy metal content is extremely low, corrupt and broken straw, bentonite, urea in proportioning according to the certain ratio, mixing well-distributed, taking the shape of Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers, doing the dynamic bioleaching test by the method of Artificial rainfall simulation, researching the slow-release characteristic, water retention. When the mass ratio of the wet sludge whose water content is 82.5%: bentonite: corrupt and broken straw: urea is 62.5: 12.5: 12.5: 12.5, drip washing the 10g Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers by the 80ml distilled water after 48h, the residue rate of urea is 29.63%; Under the room temperature of 25 ℃, 77%RH, moisture evaporate 46.32% after 60 h. The results demonstrate that the slow-release fertilizer has a good release-effect of nitrogen and water conservation effect. It provides the basic for the development and application of the sewage in the aspect of Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers.
文摘【目的】探索一次性根区穴施普通和控释尿素氮对玉米的增产增效作用,为玉米轻简化施肥提供理论依据。【方法】于2021—2022年在湖北荆州开展一次性根区施氮田间试验,供试作物为玉米。试验包括不施氮肥(CK)和农民习惯施肥(FFP,分次撒施尿素)两个对照处理,以及3个根区施肥处理:一次性根区穴施普通尿素(UR)、一次性根区穴施控释尿素(CRUR)和一次性根区穴施控释尿素并减氮25%(75%CRUR)。在玉米生育关键期(V6~R1)调查玉米株高、茎粗以及叶面积指数(LAI)、叶片SPAD值等,分析叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性;在成熟期调查生物产量和籽粒产量,计算氮素利用效率。【结果】与FFP相比,CRUR和75%CRUR处理在玉米生育前期对株高有矮化作用,对茎粗多无显著影响,但分别使LAI显著增加了18.9%~113.0%和6.5%~67.3%;UR处理对SPAD的影响无明显规律,而CRUR增加了SPAD值。此外,CRUR处理下叶片NR和GS活性增幅最大,比FFP处理分别显著提高35.9%~40.5%和31.4%~73.5%,比U R处理分别显著提高15.0%~27.1%和12.1%~44.7%;比75%C R U R处理的N R活性显著提高18.9%~21.8%,在VT和R1时期,分别比75%CRUR显著提高GS活性11.6%和10.8%。2021和2022年UR处理的产量与FFP相当,而CRUR比FFP分别显著增产11.6%和8.8%(P<0.05),75%CRUR只在2021年比FFP增产9.5%,在2022年增产不显著。与FFP相比,CRUR和75%CRUR显著降低了秃尖长,而UR处理降低了穗长(2022年)。2021和2022年CRUR和75%CRUR处理的氮肥利用效率比FFP处理均有显著增加,其中,75%CRUR处理氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)分别增加46.1%和41.1%,氮肥农学效率(NAE)分别增加106.9%和72.2%,氮肥贡献率(FCR)则分别增加39.3%和34.7%;UR处理的氮肥利用效率没有显著提升。整体上氮肥利用效率表现为:75%CRUR>CRUR>UR。【结论】一次性根区穴施控释尿素可减少了施肥次数并显著提高玉米产量和氮肥利用率,是适宜于现代化农业生产的高效施肥技术。但在该技术下氮肥减施的适用性还需进一步研究。
