Transition metal-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Considerable research efforts have shown that self-reconstruction occurs on these nanomaterials under ...Transition metal-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Considerable research efforts have shown that self-reconstruction occurs on these nanomaterials under operating conditions of OER process.However,most of them undergo incomplete reconstruction with limited thickness of reconstruction layer,leading to low component utilization and arduous exploration of real catalytic mechanism.Herein,we identify the dynamic behaviors in complete reconstruction of Co-based complexes during OER.The hollow phytic acid(PA)cross-linked CoFe-based complex nanoboxes with porous nanowalls are designed because of their good electrolyte penetration and mass transport ability,in favor of the fast and complete reconstruction.A series of experiment characterizations demonstrate that the reconstruction process includes the fast substitution of PA by OH-to form Co(Fe)(OH)xand subsequent potential-driven oxidation to Co(Fe)OOH.The obtained CoFeOOH delivers a low overpotential of 290 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and a long-term stability.The experiment results together with theory calculations reveal that the Fe incorporation can result in the electron rearrangement of reconstructed CoFeOOH and optimization of their electronic structure,accounting for the enhanced OER activity.The work provides new insights into complete reconstruction of metal-based complexes during OER and offers guidelines for rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts.展开更多
A new pore type,nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fracture was first discovered based on argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and three-dimensional reconstru...A new pore type,nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fracture was first discovered based on argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction by focused ion-scanning electron in combination with analysis of TOC,R_(o)values,X-ray diffraction etc.in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation shale in the Songliao Basin,NE China.Such pore characteristics and evolution study show that:(1)Organo-clay complex pore-fractures are developed in the shale matrix and in the form of spongy and reticular aggregates.Different from circular or oval organic pores discovered in other shales,a single organo-clay complex pore is square,rectangular,rhombic or slaty,with the pore diameter generally less than 200 nm.(2)With thermal maturity increasing,the elements(C,Si,Al,O,Mg,Fe,etc.)in organo-clay complex change accordingly,showing that organic matter shrinkage due to hydrocarbon generation and clay mineral transformation both affect organo-clay complex pore-fracture formation.(3)At high thermal maturity,the Qingshankou Formation shale is dominated by nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures with the percentage reaching more than 70%of total pore space.The spatial connectivity of organo-clay complex pore-fractures is significantly better than that of organic pores.It is suggested that organo-complex pore-fractures are the main pore space of laminar shale at high thermal maturity and are the main oil and gas accumulation space in the core area of continental shale oil.The discovery of nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures changes the conventional view that inorganic pores are the main reservoir space and has scientific significance for the study of shale oil formation and accumulation laws.展开更多
In recent years,there has been a growing interest in graph convolutional networks(GCN).However,existing GCN and variants are predominantly based on simple graph or hypergraph structures,which restricts their ability t...In recent years,there has been a growing interest in graph convolutional networks(GCN).However,existing GCN and variants are predominantly based on simple graph or hypergraph structures,which restricts their ability to handle complex data correlations in practical applications.These limitations stem from the difficulty in establishing multiple hierarchies and acquiring adaptive weights for each of them.To address this issue,this paper introduces the latest concept of complex hypergraphs and constructs a versatile high-order multi-level data correlation model.This model is realized by establishing a three-tier structure of complexes-hypergraphs-vertices.Specifically,we start by establishing hyperedge clusters on a foundational network,utilizing a second-order hypergraph structure to depict potential correlations.For this second-order structure,truncation methods are used to assess and generate a three-layer composite structure.During the construction of the composite structure,an adaptive learning strategy is implemented to merge correlations across different levels.We evaluate this model on several popular datasets and compare it with recent state-of-the-art methods.The comprehensive assessment results demonstrate that the proposed model surpasses the existing methods,particularly in modeling implicit data correlations(the classification accuracy of nodes on five public datasets Cora,Citeseer,Pubmed,Github Web ML,and Facebook are 86.1±0.33,79.2±0.35,83.1±0.46,83.8±0.23,and 80.1±0.37,respectively).This indicates that our approach possesses advantages in handling datasets with implicit multi-level structures.展开更多
Tree interactions are essential for the structure,dynamics,and function of forest ecosystems,but variations in the architecture of life-stage interaction networks(LSINs)across forests is unclear.Here,we constructed 16...Tree interactions are essential for the structure,dynamics,and function of forest ecosystems,but variations in the architecture of life-stage interaction networks(LSINs)across forests is unclear.Here,we constructed 16 LSINs in the mountainous forests of northwest Hebei,China based on crown overlap from four mixed forests with two dominant tree species.Our results show that LSINs decrease the complexity of stand densities and basal areas due to the interaction cluster differentiation.In addition,we found that mature trees and saplings play different roles,the first acting as“hub”life stages with high connectivity and the second,as“bridges”controlling information flow with high centrality.Across the forests,life stages with higher importance showed better parameter stability within LSINs.These results reveal that the structure of tree interactions among life stages is highly related to stand variables.Our efforts contribute to the understanding of LSIN complexity and provide a basis for further research on tree interactions in complex forest communities.展开更多
Under investigation in this paper is a complex modified Korteweg–de Vries(KdV) equation, which describes the propagation of short pulses in optical fibers. Bilinear forms and multi-soliton solutions are obtained thro...Under investigation in this paper is a complex modified Korteweg–de Vries(KdV) equation, which describes the propagation of short pulses in optical fibers. Bilinear forms and multi-soliton solutions are obtained through the Hirota method and symbolic computation. Breather-like and bound-state solitons are constructed in which the signs of the imaginary parts of the complex wave numbers and the initial separations of the two parallel solitons are important factors for the interaction patterns. The periodic structures and position-induced phase shift of some solutions are introduced.展开更多
As the demand for high-quality services proliferates,an innovative network architecture,the fully-decoupled RAN(FD-RAN),has emerged for more flexible spectrum resource utilization and lower network costs.However,with ...As the demand for high-quality services proliferates,an innovative network architecture,the fully-decoupled RAN(FD-RAN),has emerged for more flexible spectrum resource utilization and lower network costs.However,with the decoupling of uplink base stations and downlink base stations in FDRAN,the traditional transmission mechanism,which relies on real-time channel feedback,is not suitable as the receiver is not able to feedback accurate and timely channel state information to the transmitter.This paper proposes a novel transmission scheme without relying on physical layer channel feedback.Specifically,we design a radio map based complex-valued precoding network(RMCPNet)model,which outputs the base station precoding based on user location.RMCPNet comprises multiple subnets,with each subnet responsible for extracting unique modal features from diverse input modalities.Furthermore,the multimodal embeddings derived from these distinct subnets are integrated within the information fusion layer,culminating in a unified representation.We also develop a specific RMCPNet training algorithm that employs the negative spectral efficiency as the loss function.We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme on the public DeepMIMO dataset and show that RMCPNet can achieve 16%and 76%performance improvements over the conventional real-valued neural network and statistical codebook approach,respectively.展开更多
With the increase of people’s demand,it is extremely desired for developing high-safety,widetemperature-range and high-energy-density lithium batteries,but huge challenges are remained due to shrinkage and combustion...With the increase of people’s demand,it is extremely desired for developing high-safety,widetemperature-range and high-energy-density lithium batteries,but huge challenges are remained due to shrinkage and combustion of commonly used polyolefin separators at high temperatures,as well as narrow usable temperature range and high flammability of conventionally commercialized liquid electrolytes.In this work,we report a multifunctional separator mainly consisting of Zn^(2+)-phytate coordination complex nanoparticles and bacterial cellulose nanofibers,named the BZP separator,which possesses high porosity,excellent thermotolerance,good flame retardancy,abilities of anion binding and Ni^(2+)capturing.Through cooperating with the fluoride-free wide-temperature-range electrolyte,Li//LiFePO_(4) cells not only deliver discharge capacities of 110.39 mA h g^(-1)and 113.25 mA h g^(-1)after 2200 cycles (2 C) and1600 cycles (5 C) at 25℃,with capacity retentions of 76.59%and 86.09%,respectively,but also exhibit excellent cycling performance at 80℃ and-40℃.Significantly,the Li//NCM811 cell with a loading of7.8 mg cm^(-2)delivers a discharge capacity of 146.64 mA h g^(-1)after 200 cycles at 0.5 C,with a capacity retention of 89.03%.In addition,pouch cells can work at 120℃ and have low flammability.展开更多
The dissemination of information across various locations is an ubiquitous occurrence,however,prevalent methodologies for multi-source identification frequently overlook the fact that sources may initiate disseminatio...The dissemination of information across various locations is an ubiquitous occurrence,however,prevalent methodologies for multi-source identification frequently overlook the fact that sources may initiate dissemination at distinct initial moments.Although there are many research results of multi-source identification,the challenge of locating sources with varying initiation times using a limited subset of observational nodes remains unresolved.In this study,we provide the backward spread tree theorem and source centrality theorem,and develop a backward spread centrality algorithm to identify all the information sources that trigger the spread at different start times.The proposed algorithm does not require prior knowledge of the number of sources,however,it can estimate both the initial spread moment and the spread duration.The core concept of this algorithm involves inferring suspected sources through source centrality theorem and locating the source from the suspected sources with linear programming.Extensive experiments from synthetic and real network simulation corroborate the superiority of our method in terms of both efficacy and efficiency.Furthermore,we find that our method maintains robustness irrespective of the number of sources and the average degree of network.Compared with classical and state-of-the art source identification methods,our method generally improves the AUROC value by 0.1 to 0.2.展开更多
We construct a dual-layer coupled complex network of communities and residents to represent the interconnected risk transmission network between communities and the disease transmission network among residents. It cha...We construct a dual-layer coupled complex network of communities and residents to represent the interconnected risk transmission network between communities and the disease transmission network among residents. It characterizes the process of infectious disease transmission among residents between communities through the SE2IHR model considering two types of infectors. By depicting a more fine-grained social structure and combining further simulation experiments, the study validates the crucial role of various prevention and control measures implemented by communities as primary executors in controlling the epidemic. Research shows that the geographical boundaries of communities and the social interaction patterns of residents have a significant impact on the spread of the epidemic, where early detection, isolation and treatment strategies at community level are essential for controlling the spread of the epidemic. In addition, the study explores the collaborative governance model and institutional advantages of communities and residents in epidemic prevention and control.展开更多
Magnetic reconnection processes in three-dimensional(3D)complex field configurations have been investigated in different magneto-plasma systems in space,laboratory,and astrophysical systems.Two-dimensional(2D)features...Magnetic reconnection processes in three-dimensional(3D)complex field configurations have been investigated in different magneto-plasma systems in space,laboratory,and astrophysical systems.Two-dimensional(2D)features of magnetic reconnection have been well developed and applied successfully to systems with symmetrical property,such as toroidal fusion plasmas and laboratory experiments with an axial symmetry.But in asymmetric systems,the 3D features are inevitably different from those in the 2D case.Magnetic reconnection structures in multiple celestial body systems,particularly star-planet-Moon systems,bring fresh insights to the understanding of the 3D geometry of reconnection.Thus,we take magnetic reconnection in an ancient solar-lunar terrestrial magneto-plasma system as an example by using its crucial parameters approximately estimated already and also some specific applications in pathways for energy and matter transports among Earth,ancient Moon,and the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF).Then,magnetic reconnection of the ancient lunar-terrestrial magnetospheres with the IMF is investigated numerically in this work.In a 3D simulation for the Earth-Moon-IMF system,topological features of complex magnetic reconnection configurations and dynamical characteristics of magnetic reconnection processes are studied.It is found that a coupled lunar-terrestrial magnetosphere is formed,and under various IMF orientations,multiple X-points emerge at distinct locations,showing three typical magnetic reconnection structures in such a geometry,i.e.,the X-line,the triple current sheets,and the A-B null pairs.The results can conduce to further understanding of reconnection physics in 3D for plasmas in complex magnetic configurations,and also a possible mechanism for energy and matters transport in evolutions of similar astrophysical systems.展开更多
The oil production of the multi-fractured horizontal wells(MFHWs) declines quickly in unconventional oil reservoirs due to the fast depletion of natural energy. Gas injection has been acknowledged as an effective meth...The oil production of the multi-fractured horizontal wells(MFHWs) declines quickly in unconventional oil reservoirs due to the fast depletion of natural energy. Gas injection has been acknowledged as an effective method to improve oil recovery factor from unconventional oil reservoirs. Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff becomes preferable when the CO_(2) source is limited. However, the impact of complex fracture networks and well interference on the EOR performance of multiple MFHWs is still unclear. The optimal gas huff-n-puff parameters are significant for enhancing oil recovery. This work aims to optimize the hydrocarbon gas injection and production parameters for multiple MFHWs with complex fracture networks in unconventional oil reservoirs. Firstly, the numerical model based on unstructured grids is developed to characterize the complex fracture networks and capture the dynamic fracture features.Secondly, the PVT phase behavior simulation was carried out to provide the fluid model for numerical simulation. Thirdly, the optimal parameters for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff were obtained. Finally, the dominant factors of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff under complex fracture networks are obtained by fuzzy mathematical method. Results reveal that the current pressure of hydrocarbon gas injection can achieve miscible displacement. The optimal injection and production parameters are obtained by single-factor analysis to analyze the effect of individual parameter. Gas injection time is the dominant factor of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff in unconventional oil reservoirs with complex fracture networks. This work can offer engineers guidance for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff of multiple MFHWs considering the complex fracture networks.展开更多
The transition metal complexes of triaminoguanidine(TAG-M,where M=Cobalt(Co)or Iron(Fe))have been prepared.The catalytic effect of these complexes on the thermolysis of energetic composite based on nitrocellulose and ...The transition metal complexes of triaminoguanidine(TAG-M,where M=Cobalt(Co)or Iron(Fe))have been prepared.The catalytic effect of these complexes on the thermolysis of energetic composite based on nitrocellulose and diethylene glycol dinitrate,has been investigated.Extensive characterization of the resulting energetic composites was carried out using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Isoconversional kinetic analysis was performed to determine the Arrhenius parameters associated with the thermolysis of the elaborated energetic formulations.It is found that TAG-M complexes have strong catalytic effect on the thermo-kinetic decomposition of NC/DEGDN by decreasing the apparent activation energy and significantly increased the total heat release.The models that govern the decomposition processes are also studied,and it is revealed that different reaction processes are accomplished by introduction metal complexes of triaminoguanidine.Overall,this study serves as a valuable reference for future research focused on the investigation of catalytic combustion features of solid propellants.展开更多
Abundant interfacial defects remain a significant challenge that hampers both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,an alcohol-dispersed conducting polymer complex,denoted as PEDOT:F(Poly...Abundant interfacial defects remain a significant challenge that hampers both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,an alcohol-dispersed conducting polymer complex,denoted as PEDOT:F(Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):Perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers),is introduced into the interface between perovskite and hole transporting layer in regular-structured PSCs.PEDOT:F serves as a multi-functional interface layer(filling grain boundaries and covering perovskite's grain-surface)to achieve a robust interaction with organic groups within perovskites,which could induce a structural transformation of PEDOT to increase its conductivity for the efficient hole-transport.Furthermore,the strong interaction between PEDOT and perovskites could promote an effective coupling of undercoordinated Pb~(2+)ions with the lone electron pairs near O&S atoms in PEDOT molecules,thereby enhancing defect passivation.Additionally,PEDOT:F with inherent hydrophobic properties prevents effectively moisture invasion into perovskites for the improved long-term stability of the PSCs.Consequently,the PEDOT:F-based PSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 24.81%,and maintained ca.92%of their initial efficiency after 7680 h of storage in a dry air environment,accompanied by the enhanced photothermal stability.展开更多
Recent advances in hydrocarbon exploration have been made in the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the western Sichuan Basin, SW China,where the depositional p...Recent advances in hydrocarbon exploration have been made in the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the western Sichuan Basin, SW China,where the depositional process is regarded confusing. The microfacies, construction types, and depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle photography, outcrop section investigation, thin section identification,and seismic reflections in the southwestern Sichuan Basin. The microbialite lithologic textures in this region include thrombolite, dendrolite, stromatolite, fenestral stromatolite, spongiostromata stone,oncolite, aggregated grainstone, and botryoidal grapestone. Based on the comprehensive analysis of“depositional fabrics-lithology-microfacies”, an association between a fore mound, mound framework,and back mound subfacies has been proposed based on water depth, current direction, energy level and lithologic assemblages. The microfacies of the mound base, mound core, mound flank, mound cap, and mound flat could be recognized among the mound framework subfacies. Two construction types of marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been determined based on deposition location, mound scale, migration direction, and sedimentary facies association. Type Jinkouhe microbial mound constructions(TJMMCs) develop along the windward margin owing to their proximity to the seaward subfacies fore mound, with a northeastwardly migrated microbial mound on top of the mud mound,exhibiting the characteristics of large-sized mounds and small-sized banks in the surrounding area. Type E'bian microbial mound constructions(TEMMCs) primarily occur on the leeward margin, resulting from the presence of onshore back mound subfacies, with the smaller southwestward migrated microbial mounds existing on a thicker microbial flat. The platform margin microbial mound depositional model can be correlated with certain lateral comparison profile and seismic reflection structures in the 2D seismic section, which can provide references for future worldwide exploration. Microbial mounds with larger buildups and thicker vertical reservoirs are typically targeted on the windward margin, while small-sized microbial mounds and flats with better lateral connections are typically focused on the leeward margin.展开更多
Complex plasma fluctuation processes have been extensively studied in many aspects,especially lattice waves in strongly coupled plasma crystals,which are of great significance for understanding fundamental physical ph...Complex plasma fluctuation processes have been extensively studied in many aspects,especially lattice waves in strongly coupled plasma crystals,which are of great significance for understanding fundamental physical phenomena.A challenge of experimental investigations in two-dimensional strongly coupled complex plasma crystals is to keep the main body and foreign particles of different masses on the same horizontal plane.To solve the problem,we have proposed a potential well formed by two negatively biased grids to bind the negatively charged particles in a two-dimensional(2D)plane,thus achieving a 2D plasma crystal in the microgravity environment.The study of such phenomena in complex plasma crystals under microgravity environment then becomes possible.In this paper,we focus on the continuum spectrum,including both phonon and optic branches of the impurity mode in a 2D system in microgravity environments.The results show the dispersion relation of the longitudinal and transverse impurity oscillation modes and their properties.Considering the macroscopic visibility of complex mesoscopic particle lattices,theoretical and experimental studies on this kind of complex plasma systems will help us further understand the physical nature of a wide range of condensed matters.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of a xylitol-casein non-covalent complex(XC)on parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),in addition to related changes in gut microbiome composition and functions.High-f...This study investigated the effects of a xylitol-casein non-covalent complex(XC)on parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),in addition to related changes in gut microbiome composition and functions.High-fat-diet(HFD)+streptozotocin(STZ)-induced T2DM mice were treated with xylitol(XY),casein(CN),and XC,after which fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota composition and diversity analyses based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and multivariate statistics.XC decreased body weight and improved glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity,pancreas impairment,blood lipid levels,and liver function in T2DM mice compared to XY-and CN-treated mice.Furthermore,XC modulated theα-diversity,β-diversity and gut microbiota composition.Based on Spearman’s correlation analysis,the relative abundances of Alistipes,Bacteroides,and Faecalibaculum were positively correlated and those of Akkermansia,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,and Turicibacter were negatively correlated with the phenotypes related to the improvement of T2DM.In conclusion,we found that XC alleviated insulin resistance by restoring the gut microbiota of T2DM mice.Our results provide strong evidence for the beneficial effects of XC on T2DM and motivation for further investigation in animal models and,eventually,human trials.展开更多
Reconstituting membrane proteins in liposomes and determining their structure is a common method for determining membrane protein structures using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM).However,the strong s...Reconstituting membrane proteins in liposomes and determining their structure is a common method for determining membrane protein structures using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM).However,the strong signal of liposomes under cryo-EM imaging conditions often interferes with the structural determination of the embedded membrane proteins.Here,we propose a liposome signal subtraction method based on single-particle two-dimensional(2D)classification average images,aimed at enhancing the reconstruction resolution of membrane proteins.We analyzed the signal distribution characteristics of liposomes and proteins within the 2D classification average images of protein–liposome complexes in the frequency domain.Based on this analysis,we designed a method to subtract the liposome signals from the original particle images.After the subtraction,the accuracy of single-particle three-dimensional(3D)alignment was improved,enhancing the resolution of the final 3D reconstruction.We demonstrated this method using a PIEZO1-proteoliposome dataset by improving the resolution of the PIEZO1 protein.展开更多
The uncontrollable growth of Zn dendrites accompanied by side reactions severely impedes the industrialized process of zinc ion electrochemical energy storage devices.Herein,we propose a practical metalorganic complex...The uncontrollable growth of Zn dendrites accompanied by side reactions severely impedes the industrialized process of zinc ion electrochemical energy storage devices.Herein,we propose a practical metalorganic complex interface layer to manipulate the zinc ion flux and electric field intensity,enabling highly homogeneous zinc electrodeposition.The zinc-terephthalic acid complex(ZnPTA)with lower adsorption energy for zinc ion(-1.3 eV)builds a zincophilic interface favoring the ordered nucleation and growth of Zn.Moreover,the ZnPTA layer can serve as physical barrier to protect the newly deposited Zn from corrosion in the aqueous electrolyte.The modified Zn anode with the ZnPTA layer(ZnPTA@Zn)demonstrates excellent cycling stability more than 3000 h at 1 mA/cm^(2).Besides,the zinc-ion battery and zinc-ion hybrid capacitor using the ZnPTA@Zn electrode deliver outstanding cycle performance(up to 5500 cycles with high residual capacity ratio of 77.9%).This work provides a promising metal-organic complex interface design on enhancing the performance of Zn metal anode.展开更多
Camouflaged people are extremely expert in actively concealing themselves by effectively utilizing cover and the surrounding environment. Despite advancements in optical detection capabilities through imaging systems,...Camouflaged people are extremely expert in actively concealing themselves by effectively utilizing cover and the surrounding environment. Despite advancements in optical detection capabilities through imaging systems, including spectral, polarization, and infrared technologies, there is still a lack of effective real-time method for accurately detecting small-size and high-efficient camouflaged people in complex real-world scenes. Here, this study proposes a snapshot multispectral image-based camouflaged detection model, multispectral YOLO(MS-YOLO), which utilizes the SPD-Conv and Sim AM modules to effectively represent targets and suppress background interference by exploiting the spatial-spectral target information. Besides, the study constructs the first real-shot multispectral camouflaged people dataset(MSCPD), which encompasses diverse scenes, target scales, and attitudes. To minimize information redundancy, MS-YOLO selects an optimal subset of 12 bands with strong feature representation and minimal inter-band correlation as input. Through experiments on the MSCPD, MS-YOLO achieves a mean Average Precision of 94.31% and real-time detection at 65 frames per second, which confirms the effectiveness and efficiency of our method in detecting camouflaged people in various typical desert and forest scenes. Our approach offers valuable support to improve the perception capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles in detecting enemy forces and rescuing personnel in battlefield.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478310,U21A20286 and 22206054)。
文摘Transition metal-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Considerable research efforts have shown that self-reconstruction occurs on these nanomaterials under operating conditions of OER process.However,most of them undergo incomplete reconstruction with limited thickness of reconstruction layer,leading to low component utilization and arduous exploration of real catalytic mechanism.Herein,we identify the dynamic behaviors in complete reconstruction of Co-based complexes during OER.The hollow phytic acid(PA)cross-linked CoFe-based complex nanoboxes with porous nanowalls are designed because of their good electrolyte penetration and mass transport ability,in favor of the fast and complete reconstruction.A series of experiment characterizations demonstrate that the reconstruction process includes the fast substitution of PA by OH-to form Co(Fe)(OH)xand subsequent potential-driven oxidation to Co(Fe)OOH.The obtained CoFeOOH delivers a low overpotential of 290 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and a long-term stability.The experiment results together with theory calculations reveal that the Fe incorporation can result in the electron rearrangement of reconstructed CoFeOOH and optimization of their electronic structure,accounting for the enhanced OER activity.The work provides new insights into complete reconstruction of metal-based complexes during OER and offers guidelines for rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts.
基金Supported by Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Innovation Fund Program(ZY20B13)。
文摘A new pore type,nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fracture was first discovered based on argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction by focused ion-scanning electron in combination with analysis of TOC,R_(o)values,X-ray diffraction etc.in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation shale in the Songliao Basin,NE China.Such pore characteristics and evolution study show that:(1)Organo-clay complex pore-fractures are developed in the shale matrix and in the form of spongy and reticular aggregates.Different from circular or oval organic pores discovered in other shales,a single organo-clay complex pore is square,rectangular,rhombic or slaty,with the pore diameter generally less than 200 nm.(2)With thermal maturity increasing,the elements(C,Si,Al,O,Mg,Fe,etc.)in organo-clay complex change accordingly,showing that organic matter shrinkage due to hydrocarbon generation and clay mineral transformation both affect organo-clay complex pore-fracture formation.(3)At high thermal maturity,the Qingshankou Formation shale is dominated by nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures with the percentage reaching more than 70%of total pore space.The spatial connectivity of organo-clay complex pore-fractures is significantly better than that of organic pores.It is suggested that organo-complex pore-fractures are the main pore space of laminar shale at high thermal maturity and are the main oil and gas accumulation space in the core area of continental shale oil.The discovery of nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures changes the conventional view that inorganic pores are the main reservoir space and has scientific significance for the study of shale oil formation and accumulation laws.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12275179 and 11875042)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality,China(Grant No.21ZR1443900)。
文摘In recent years,there has been a growing interest in graph convolutional networks(GCN).However,existing GCN and variants are predominantly based on simple graph or hypergraph structures,which restricts their ability to handle complex data correlations in practical applications.These limitations stem from the difficulty in establishing multiple hierarchies and acquiring adaptive weights for each of them.To address this issue,this paper introduces the latest concept of complex hypergraphs and constructs a versatile high-order multi-level data correlation model.This model is realized by establishing a three-tier structure of complexes-hypergraphs-vertices.Specifically,we start by establishing hyperedge clusters on a foundational network,utilizing a second-order hypergraph structure to depict potential correlations.For this second-order structure,truncation methods are used to assess and generate a three-layer composite structure.During the construction of the composite structure,an adaptive learning strategy is implemented to merge correlations across different levels.We evaluate this model on several popular datasets and compare it with recent state-of-the-art methods.The comprehensive assessment results demonstrate that the proposed model surpasses the existing methods,particularly in modeling implicit data correlations(the classification accuracy of nodes on five public datasets Cora,Citeseer,Pubmed,Github Web ML,and Facebook are 86.1±0.33,79.2±0.35,83.1±0.46,83.8±0.23,and 80.1±0.37,respectively).This indicates that our approach possesses advantages in handling datasets with implicit multi-level structures.
基金This study was supported by the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX07101-002).
文摘Tree interactions are essential for the structure,dynamics,and function of forest ecosystems,but variations in the architecture of life-stage interaction networks(LSINs)across forests is unclear.Here,we constructed 16 LSINs in the mountainous forests of northwest Hebei,China based on crown overlap from four mixed forests with two dominant tree species.Our results show that LSINs decrease the complexity of stand densities and basal areas due to the interaction cluster differentiation.In addition,we found that mature trees and saplings play different roles,the first acting as“hub”life stages with high connectivity and the second,as“bridges”controlling information flow with high centrality.Across the forests,life stages with higher importance showed better parameter stability within LSINs.These results reveal that the structure of tree interactions among life stages is highly related to stand variables.Our efforts contribute to the understanding of LSIN complexity and provide a basis for further research on tree interactions in complex forest communities.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12161061)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics (Grant No. NCYWT23036)+2 种基金the Young Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents of the Inner Mongolia Grassland Talents Project in 2022,Autonomous Region “Five Major Tasks” Research Special Project for the Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics in 2024 (Grant No. NCXWD2422)High Quality Research Achievement Cultivation Fund for the Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics in 2024 (Grant No. GZCG2426)the Talent Development Fund of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China。
文摘Under investigation in this paper is a complex modified Korteweg–de Vries(KdV) equation, which describes the propagation of short pulses in optical fibers. Bilinear forms and multi-soliton solutions are obtained through the Hirota method and symbolic computation. Breather-like and bound-state solitons are constructed in which the signs of the imaginary parts of the complex wave numbers and the initial separations of the two parallel solitons are important factors for the interaction patterns. The periodic structures and position-induced phase shift of some solutions are introduced.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation Original Exploration Project of China under Grant 62250004the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62271244+1 种基金the Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20220067the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
文摘As the demand for high-quality services proliferates,an innovative network architecture,the fully-decoupled RAN(FD-RAN),has emerged for more flexible spectrum resource utilization and lower network costs.However,with the decoupling of uplink base stations and downlink base stations in FDRAN,the traditional transmission mechanism,which relies on real-time channel feedback,is not suitable as the receiver is not able to feedback accurate and timely channel state information to the transmitter.This paper proposes a novel transmission scheme without relying on physical layer channel feedback.Specifically,we design a radio map based complex-valued precoding network(RMCPNet)model,which outputs the base station precoding based on user location.RMCPNet comprises multiple subnets,with each subnet responsible for extracting unique modal features from diverse input modalities.Furthermore,the multimodal embeddings derived from these distinct subnets are integrated within the information fusion layer,culminating in a unified representation.We also develop a specific RMCPNet training algorithm that employs the negative spectral efficiency as the loss function.We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme on the public DeepMIMO dataset and show that RMCPNet can achieve 16%and 76%performance improvements over the conventional real-valued neural network and statistical codebook approach,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22275131)the Institutional Research Fund from Sichuan University (2021SCUNL201)+1 种基金the 111 Project (B20001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘With the increase of people’s demand,it is extremely desired for developing high-safety,widetemperature-range and high-energy-density lithium batteries,but huge challenges are remained due to shrinkage and combustion of commonly used polyolefin separators at high temperatures,as well as narrow usable temperature range and high flammability of conventionally commercialized liquid electrolytes.In this work,we report a multifunctional separator mainly consisting of Zn^(2+)-phytate coordination complex nanoparticles and bacterial cellulose nanofibers,named the BZP separator,which possesses high porosity,excellent thermotolerance,good flame retardancy,abilities of anion binding and Ni^(2+)capturing.Through cooperating with the fluoride-free wide-temperature-range electrolyte,Li//LiFePO_(4) cells not only deliver discharge capacities of 110.39 mA h g^(-1)and 113.25 mA h g^(-1)after 2200 cycles (2 C) and1600 cycles (5 C) at 25℃,with capacity retentions of 76.59%and 86.09%,respectively,but also exhibit excellent cycling performance at 80℃ and-40℃.Significantly,the Li//NCM811 cell with a loading of7.8 mg cm^(-2)delivers a discharge capacity of 146.64 mA h g^(-1)after 200 cycles at 0.5 C,with a capacity retention of 89.03%.In addition,pouch cells can work at 120℃ and have low flammability.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62103375,62006106,61877055,and 62171413)the Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Zhejinag Province,China(Grant No.22NDJC009Z)+1 种基金the Education Ministry Humanities and Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.19YJCZH056)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant Nos.LY23F030003,LY22F030006,and LQ21F020005).
文摘The dissemination of information across various locations is an ubiquitous occurrence,however,prevalent methodologies for multi-source identification frequently overlook the fact that sources may initiate dissemination at distinct initial moments.Although there are many research results of multi-source identification,the challenge of locating sources with varying initiation times using a limited subset of observational nodes remains unresolved.In this study,we provide the backward spread tree theorem and source centrality theorem,and develop a backward spread centrality algorithm to identify all the information sources that trigger the spread at different start times.The proposed algorithm does not require prior knowledge of the number of sources,however,it can estimate both the initial spread moment and the spread duration.The core concept of this algorithm involves inferring suspected sources through source centrality theorem and locating the source from the suspected sources with linear programming.Extensive experiments from synthetic and real network simulation corroborate the superiority of our method in terms of both efficacy and efficiency.Furthermore,we find that our method maintains robustness irrespective of the number of sources and the average degree of network.Compared with classical and state-of-the art source identification methods,our method generally improves the AUROC value by 0.1 to 0.2.
基金Project supported by the Ministry of Education of China in the later stage of philosophy and social science research(Grant No.19JHG091)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72061003)+1 种基金the Major Program of National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.20&ZD155)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(Grant No.[2020]4Y172)。
文摘We construct a dual-layer coupled complex network of communities and residents to represent the interconnected risk transmission network between communities and the disease transmission network among residents. It characterizes the process of infectious disease transmission among residents between communities through the SE2IHR model considering two types of infectors. By depicting a more fine-grained social structure and combining further simulation experiments, the study validates the crucial role of various prevention and control measures implemented by communities as primary executors in controlling the epidemic. Research shows that the geographical boundaries of communities and the social interaction patterns of residents have a significant impact on the spread of the epidemic, where early detection, isolation and treatment strategies at community level are essential for controlling the spread of the epidemic. In addition, the study explores the collaborative governance model and institutional advantages of communities and residents in epidemic prevention and control.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11975087,42261134533,and 42011530086)the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE03190400)the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program,China.
文摘Magnetic reconnection processes in three-dimensional(3D)complex field configurations have been investigated in different magneto-plasma systems in space,laboratory,and astrophysical systems.Two-dimensional(2D)features of magnetic reconnection have been well developed and applied successfully to systems with symmetrical property,such as toroidal fusion plasmas and laboratory experiments with an axial symmetry.But in asymmetric systems,the 3D features are inevitably different from those in the 2D case.Magnetic reconnection structures in multiple celestial body systems,particularly star-planet-Moon systems,bring fresh insights to the understanding of the 3D geometry of reconnection.Thus,we take magnetic reconnection in an ancient solar-lunar terrestrial magneto-plasma system as an example by using its crucial parameters approximately estimated already and also some specific applications in pathways for energy and matter transports among Earth,ancient Moon,and the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF).Then,magnetic reconnection of the ancient lunar-terrestrial magnetospheres with the IMF is investigated numerically in this work.In a 3D simulation for the Earth-Moon-IMF system,topological features of complex magnetic reconnection configurations and dynamical characteristics of magnetic reconnection processes are studied.It is found that a coupled lunar-terrestrial magnetosphere is formed,and under various IMF orientations,multiple X-points emerge at distinct locations,showing three typical magnetic reconnection structures in such a geometry,i.e.,the X-line,the triple current sheets,and the A-B null pairs.The results can conduce to further understanding of reconnection physics in 3D for plasmas in complex magnetic configurations,and also a possible mechanism for energy and matters transport in evolutions of similar astrophysical systems.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974268)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Improving Oil and Gas Recovery(NEPUEOR-2022-03)Research and Innovation Fund for Graduate Students of Southwest Petroleum University(No.2022KYCX005)。
文摘The oil production of the multi-fractured horizontal wells(MFHWs) declines quickly in unconventional oil reservoirs due to the fast depletion of natural energy. Gas injection has been acknowledged as an effective method to improve oil recovery factor from unconventional oil reservoirs. Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff becomes preferable when the CO_(2) source is limited. However, the impact of complex fracture networks and well interference on the EOR performance of multiple MFHWs is still unclear. The optimal gas huff-n-puff parameters are significant for enhancing oil recovery. This work aims to optimize the hydrocarbon gas injection and production parameters for multiple MFHWs with complex fracture networks in unconventional oil reservoirs. Firstly, the numerical model based on unstructured grids is developed to characterize the complex fracture networks and capture the dynamic fracture features.Secondly, the PVT phase behavior simulation was carried out to provide the fluid model for numerical simulation. Thirdly, the optimal parameters for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff were obtained. Finally, the dominant factors of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff under complex fracture networks are obtained by fuzzy mathematical method. Results reveal that the current pressure of hydrocarbon gas injection can achieve miscible displacement. The optimal injection and production parameters are obtained by single-factor analysis to analyze the effect of individual parameter. Gas injection time is the dominant factor of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff in unconventional oil reservoirs with complex fracture networks. This work can offer engineers guidance for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff of multiple MFHWs considering the complex fracture networks.
文摘The transition metal complexes of triaminoguanidine(TAG-M,where M=Cobalt(Co)or Iron(Fe))have been prepared.The catalytic effect of these complexes on the thermolysis of energetic composite based on nitrocellulose and diethylene glycol dinitrate,has been investigated.Extensive characterization of the resulting energetic composites was carried out using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Isoconversional kinetic analysis was performed to determine the Arrhenius parameters associated with the thermolysis of the elaborated energetic formulations.It is found that TAG-M complexes have strong catalytic effect on the thermo-kinetic decomposition of NC/DEGDN by decreasing the apparent activation energy and significantly increased the total heat release.The models that govern the decomposition processes are also studied,and it is revealed that different reaction processes are accomplished by introduction metal complexes of triaminoguanidine.Overall,this study serves as a valuable reference for future research focused on the investigation of catalytic combustion features of solid propellants.
基金supported by the Science Foundation(K201827)the Open Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition(202103,202206)the Graduate Education Innovation Fund of Wuhan Institute of Technology(CX2023279,CX2023277,CX2023272)。
文摘Abundant interfacial defects remain a significant challenge that hampers both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,an alcohol-dispersed conducting polymer complex,denoted as PEDOT:F(Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):Perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers),is introduced into the interface between perovskite and hole transporting layer in regular-structured PSCs.PEDOT:F serves as a multi-functional interface layer(filling grain boundaries and covering perovskite's grain-surface)to achieve a robust interaction with organic groups within perovskites,which could induce a structural transformation of PEDOT to increase its conductivity for the efficient hole-transport.Furthermore,the strong interaction between PEDOT and perovskites could promote an effective coupling of undercoordinated Pb~(2+)ions with the lone electron pairs near O&S atoms in PEDOT molecules,thereby enhancing defect passivation.Additionally,PEDOT:F with inherent hydrophobic properties prevents effectively moisture invasion into perovskites for the improved long-term stability of the PSCs.Consequently,the PEDOT:F-based PSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 24.81%,and maintained ca.92%of their initial efficiency after 7680 h of storage in a dry air environment,accompanied by the enhanced photothermal stability.
基金jointly funded by projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41872150)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U19B6003)Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC during the 13th five-year plan(No.2019A-02-10)。
文摘Recent advances in hydrocarbon exploration have been made in the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the western Sichuan Basin, SW China,where the depositional process is regarded confusing. The microfacies, construction types, and depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle photography, outcrop section investigation, thin section identification,and seismic reflections in the southwestern Sichuan Basin. The microbialite lithologic textures in this region include thrombolite, dendrolite, stromatolite, fenestral stromatolite, spongiostromata stone,oncolite, aggregated grainstone, and botryoidal grapestone. Based on the comprehensive analysis of“depositional fabrics-lithology-microfacies”, an association between a fore mound, mound framework,and back mound subfacies has been proposed based on water depth, current direction, energy level and lithologic assemblages. The microfacies of the mound base, mound core, mound flank, mound cap, and mound flat could be recognized among the mound framework subfacies. Two construction types of marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been determined based on deposition location, mound scale, migration direction, and sedimentary facies association. Type Jinkouhe microbial mound constructions(TJMMCs) develop along the windward margin owing to their proximity to the seaward subfacies fore mound, with a northeastwardly migrated microbial mound on top of the mud mound,exhibiting the characteristics of large-sized mounds and small-sized banks in the surrounding area. Type E'bian microbial mound constructions(TEMMCs) primarily occur on the leeward margin, resulting from the presence of onshore back mound subfacies, with the smaller southwestward migrated microbial mounds existing on a thicker microbial flat. The platform margin microbial mound depositional model can be correlated with certain lateral comparison profile and seismic reflection structures in the 2D seismic section, which can provide references for future worldwide exploration. Microbial mounds with larger buildups and thicker vertical reservoirs are typically targeted on the windward margin, while small-sized microbial mounds and flats with better lateral connections are typically focused on the leeward margin.
基金supported by“Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program”at Harbin Institute of Technology。
文摘Complex plasma fluctuation processes have been extensively studied in many aspects,especially lattice waves in strongly coupled plasma crystals,which are of great significance for understanding fundamental physical phenomena.A challenge of experimental investigations in two-dimensional strongly coupled complex plasma crystals is to keep the main body and foreign particles of different masses on the same horizontal plane.To solve the problem,we have proposed a potential well formed by two negatively biased grids to bind the negatively charged particles in a two-dimensional(2D)plane,thus achieving a 2D plasma crystal in the microgravity environment.The study of such phenomena in complex plasma crystals under microgravity environment then becomes possible.In this paper,we focus on the continuum spectrum,including both phonon and optic branches of the impurity mode in a 2D system in microgravity environments.The results show the dispersion relation of the longitudinal and transverse impurity oscillation modes and their properties.Considering the macroscopic visibility of complex mesoscopic particle lattices,theoretical and experimental studies on this kind of complex plasma systems will help us further understand the physical nature of a wide range of condensed matters.
基金supported by the “Thirteenth Five Year” National Science and Technology Plan Project of China (2018YFC1603703,2018YFC1604302)National Natural Science Foundation of China (2013BAD18B03)+1 种基金Shenyang Technological Innovation Project (Y170-028)LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Project (XLYC1902083)
文摘This study investigated the effects of a xylitol-casein non-covalent complex(XC)on parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),in addition to related changes in gut microbiome composition and functions.High-fat-diet(HFD)+streptozotocin(STZ)-induced T2DM mice were treated with xylitol(XY),casein(CN),and XC,after which fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota composition and diversity analyses based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and multivariate statistics.XC decreased body weight and improved glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity,pancreas impairment,blood lipid levels,and liver function in T2DM mice compared to XY-and CN-treated mice.Furthermore,XC modulated theα-diversity,β-diversity and gut microbiota composition.Based on Spearman’s correlation analysis,the relative abundances of Alistipes,Bacteroides,and Faecalibaculum were positively correlated and those of Akkermansia,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,and Turicibacter were negatively correlated with the phenotypes related to the improvement of T2DM.In conclusion,we found that XC alleviated insulin resistance by restoring the gut microbiota of T2DM mice.Our results provide strong evidence for the beneficial effects of XC on T2DM and motivation for further investigation in animal models and,eventually,human trials.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.32241023 and 92254306)the Fund from the Tsinghua–Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesBeijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure。
文摘Reconstituting membrane proteins in liposomes and determining their structure is a common method for determining membrane protein structures using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM).However,the strong signal of liposomes under cryo-EM imaging conditions often interferes with the structural determination of the embedded membrane proteins.Here,we propose a liposome signal subtraction method based on single-particle two-dimensional(2D)classification average images,aimed at enhancing the reconstruction resolution of membrane proteins.We analyzed the signal distribution characteristics of liposomes and proteins within the 2D classification average images of protein–liposome complexes in the frequency domain.Based on this analysis,we designed a method to subtract the liposome signals from the original particle images.After the subtraction,the accuracy of single-particle three-dimensional(3D)alignment was improved,enhancing the resolution of the final 3D reconstruction.We demonstrated this method using a PIEZO1-proteoliposome dataset by improving the resolution of the PIEZO1 protein.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘The uncontrollable growth of Zn dendrites accompanied by side reactions severely impedes the industrialized process of zinc ion electrochemical energy storage devices.Herein,we propose a practical metalorganic complex interface layer to manipulate the zinc ion flux and electric field intensity,enabling highly homogeneous zinc electrodeposition.The zinc-terephthalic acid complex(ZnPTA)with lower adsorption energy for zinc ion(-1.3 eV)builds a zincophilic interface favoring the ordered nucleation and growth of Zn.Moreover,the ZnPTA layer can serve as physical barrier to protect the newly deposited Zn from corrosion in the aqueous electrolyte.The modified Zn anode with the ZnPTA layer(ZnPTA@Zn)demonstrates excellent cycling stability more than 3000 h at 1 mA/cm^(2).Besides,the zinc-ion battery and zinc-ion hybrid capacitor using the ZnPTA@Zn electrode deliver outstanding cycle performance(up to 5500 cycles with high residual capacity ratio of 77.9%).This work provides a promising metal-organic complex interface design on enhancing the performance of Zn metal anode.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62005049)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (Grant Nos. 2020J01451, 2022J05113)Education and Scientific Research Program for Young and Middleaged Teachers in Fujian Province (Grant No. JAT210035)。
文摘Camouflaged people are extremely expert in actively concealing themselves by effectively utilizing cover and the surrounding environment. Despite advancements in optical detection capabilities through imaging systems, including spectral, polarization, and infrared technologies, there is still a lack of effective real-time method for accurately detecting small-size and high-efficient camouflaged people in complex real-world scenes. Here, this study proposes a snapshot multispectral image-based camouflaged detection model, multispectral YOLO(MS-YOLO), which utilizes the SPD-Conv and Sim AM modules to effectively represent targets and suppress background interference by exploiting the spatial-spectral target information. Besides, the study constructs the first real-shot multispectral camouflaged people dataset(MSCPD), which encompasses diverse scenes, target scales, and attitudes. To minimize information redundancy, MS-YOLO selects an optimal subset of 12 bands with strong feature representation and minimal inter-band correlation as input. Through experiments on the MSCPD, MS-YOLO achieves a mean Average Precision of 94.31% and real-time detection at 65 frames per second, which confirms the effectiveness and efficiency of our method in detecting camouflaged people in various typical desert and forest scenes. Our approach offers valuable support to improve the perception capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles in detecting enemy forces and rescuing personnel in battlefield.
