The fruit of Amomum villosum is highly valued for its medicinal and edible properties.However,the fruit abscission rate is exceptionally high,resulting in low unit yield.To better understand the fruit growth and devel...The fruit of Amomum villosum is highly valued for its medicinal and edible properties.However,the fruit abscission rate is exceptionally high,resulting in low unit yield.To better understand the fruit growth and development,this study investigated the characteristic changes of fruits and the expression patterns of GA-related genes in both fruits and fruit stalks.Results revealed that it takes approximately 90 days for the ovary of A.villosum to reach maturity.Fruit growth pattern exhibited a slow-fast-slow trend,with the peak of fruit weight accumulation occurring between the 14 and 25 days after artificial pollination(DAP).Before the 27 DAP,significant changes were observed in the ovary,fruit color,pericarp thickness,and fruit thorn length.Additionally,ten candidate GA-related genes,including 1 GA_(13)ox,1 GA_(20)ox,1 GA_(3)ox,2 GA_(2)oxs,4 GID1cs,and 1 DELLA,were analyzed using bioinformatics tools.The GA-related genes in fruit and fruit stalk exhibited significant correlations with fruit growth/development and fruit dropping.Overall,the fruit growth and development law,and the expression patterns of GA-related genes provided a theoretical foundation for further functional study and the screening of candidate genes for potential applications in A.villosum.展开更多
Objective:Significant interindividual differences exist in the efficacy of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and reliable biomarkers for predicting therapeutic response are lacking.Immunogenic cell death...Objective:Significant interindividual differences exist in the efficacy of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and reliable biomarkers for predicting therapeutic response are lacking.Immunogenic cell death(ICD)participates in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment(TME)through the release of damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),thereby possessing the potential to reshape the TME.DAMPs are essential for the occurrence of ICD.This study aims to address the lack of systematic evaluation of ICD-related molecular subtypes in HCC by constructing a DAMP-related molecular classification system and risk scoring model,as well as identifying hub genes regulating ICD in HCC for prognosis assessment and prediction of immunotherapy response.Methods:Transcriptomic data and clinical information from multiple cohorts,including The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-LIHC dataset,the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)GSE14520 dataset,and the International Cancer Genome Consortium(ICGC)-LIRI dataset,were integrated.Unsupervised consensus clustering analysis of 40 DAMP-related genes was performed to identify molecular subtypes of HCC,followed by functional analyses and identification of activated signaling pathways in each subtype.Prognosis-related genes were screened from differentially expressed genes using univariate Cox regression analysis,and a DAMP scoring model was established through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression and stepwise Cox regression analyses.The ESTIMATE algorithm was used to evaluate TME characteristics,and the CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to analyze immune cell infiltration levels in HCC.Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic predictive performance of the DAMP score and compare it with clinical characteristics and previously published messenger RNA(mRNA)biomarkers.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)was used to identify hub genes associated with the DAMP score.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining was performed to validate differential expression of hub genes between tumor and normal tissues.In vitro experiments,including cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assays and wound-healing assays,were conducted to investigate the role of hub genes in HCC.Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis levels and evaluate sensitivity to the ICD inducer 5-fluorouracil(5-FU).Results:Unsupervised consensus clustering analysis showed that HCC patients could be classified into 2 subgroups,namely low-DAMP-score and high-DAMP-score groups,based on the expression profiles of DAMP-related genes.Patients in the low-DAMP-score group had longer overall survival and exhibited higher immune cell infiltration,particularly CD8⁺T-cell infiltration(all P<0.05).The DAMP score demonstrated stable prognostic stratification capability across multiple independent cohorts,with poorer survival outcomes observed in the high-DAMP-score group(all P<0.05).Time-dependent ROC analysis demonstrated high accuracy of the DAMP score in predicting 1-year and 3-year survival,outperforming commonly used clinical characteristics and 53 previously published mRNA biomarkers.Functional analyses revealed that pathways activated in the high-DAMP-score group were mainly enriched in cell proliferation-related pathways,whereas the low-DAMPscore group was associated with immune activation and metabolism-related pathways.In addition,the DAMP score was significantly negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration levels,and the proportions of multiple immune cell types differed significantly between the high-and low-DAMP-score groups(all P<0.05).The DAMP-score-related hub gene TRIP13 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and promoted proliferation and migration of HCC cells(all P<0.05).Silencing TRIP13 expression in HCC cells increased sensitivity to the ICD inducer 5-FU and was accompanied by increased apoptosis levels(all P<0.05).Conclusion:The prognostic risk scoring model constructed based on DAMP-related genes can effectively stratify HCC patients and is closely associated with characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment.The DAMP scoring model established in this study may be used for prognostic evaluation and prediction of immunotherapy efficacy in HCC and demonstrated stable predictive performance across multiple cohorts.As a hub gene in this DAMP scoring model,TRIP13 exerts oncogenic effects in HCC and regulates tumor cell sensitivity to the ICD inducer 5-FU.The DAMP-score-based subtype classification system and TRIP13-targeted therapy provide new molecular evidence for individualized treatment of HCC.展开更多
An experimental and finite element simulation investigation are conducted to study the deformation patterns of steel targets during the penetration process of tungsten alloy long rods,as well as the influence of stren...An experimental and finite element simulation investigation are conducted to study the deformation patterns of steel targets during the penetration process of tungsten alloy long rods,as well as the influence of strength of the target on the deformation patterns.The experimental results revealed slight mass loss in the first layer of the steel target during the transient entrance phase,with an extremely negligible loss in target mass during the quasi-steady penetration phase.The results of macro-analysis,micro-analysis and simulation show that the eroded target material migrated towards the periphery of the crater,causing an increase in the target's thickness,remained within the target,instead of flowing out of the crater.Therefore,the process of long rods penetrating the metal target is considered as a process of backward extrusion.By combining the backward extrusion theory with energy conservation,a penetration depth model for long rods penetrating a metal target,taking into account both the diameter of the crater and the friction coefficient between the rod and the target,has been established.Although the model is not yet perfect,it innovatively applies the principles of solid mechanics to the study of long rod penetration.Additionally,it takes into account the friction coefficient between the rod and the target during the penetration process.Therefore,this model provides a new research direction for future studies on long rod penetration.展开更多
Chaoshan drawnwork handkerchief design exhibits self-similarity and fractal characteristics due to their grid-based structure,overall symmetry,and the way local motifs reflect the whole pattern.To explore the potentia...Chaoshan drawnwork handkerchief design exhibits self-similarity and fractal characteristics due to their grid-based structure,overall symmetry,and the way local motifs reflect the whole pattern.To explore the potential of fractals in traditional textile design,a fractal-based generative framework was proposed for efficiently creating drawnwork patterns suitable for practical handicraft production.The research was initiated with an analysis of the structural composition of center,skeleton,and filler motifs extracted from a pattern sample library.Based on this hierarchical classification,the box-counting method was employed to calculate their respective fractal dimensions.Building on fractal art theory,generative algorithms,and studies on the application of Ultra Fractal,a Chaoshan drawnwork fractal design model was established.Using this model,51 drawnwork fractal patterns and 153 handkerchief patterns were generated.These patterns were subsequently applied in real-world production to validate the feasibility and value of fractal techniques in textile design.展开更多
This paper considers the short-range sensing imple-mentation in continuous-wave(CW)phased array systems.We specifically address this CW short-range sensing challenges stemming from the self-interference cancellation(S...This paper considers the short-range sensing imple-mentation in continuous-wave(CW)phased array systems.We specifically address this CW short-range sensing challenges stemming from the self-interference cancellation(SIC)operation and synthesis requirement of arbitrary beampatterns for the sensing purpose,which has rarely been researched before.In this paper,unlike the only existed work that exploits the heuris-tic method and shares no analytical solution,an SIC pattern syn-thesis design is presented with a closed-form solution.By utiliz-ing the null-space projection(NSP)method,the proposed method effectively mitigates the self-interference to enable the in-band full-duplex operation of the array system.Subsequently,the NSP design will be innovatively embedded in a singular value decomposition(SVD)based weighted alternating reserve projec-tion(WARP)approach to efficiently synthesize an arbitrary desired pattern by solving a unique rank-deficient weighted least mean square problem.Numerical results validate the effective-ness of the proposed method in terms of beampattern,SIC per-formance,and sensing performance.展开更多
基金Supported by Seed Industry Vitalization Project of Rural Revitalization Strategy of Guangdong Province of China(2024-440000-90060000-8796)。
文摘The fruit of Amomum villosum is highly valued for its medicinal and edible properties.However,the fruit abscission rate is exceptionally high,resulting in low unit yield.To better understand the fruit growth and development,this study investigated the characteristic changes of fruits and the expression patterns of GA-related genes in both fruits and fruit stalks.Results revealed that it takes approximately 90 days for the ovary of A.villosum to reach maturity.Fruit growth pattern exhibited a slow-fast-slow trend,with the peak of fruit weight accumulation occurring between the 14 and 25 days after artificial pollination(DAP).Before the 27 DAP,significant changes were observed in the ovary,fruit color,pericarp thickness,and fruit thorn length.Additionally,ten candidate GA-related genes,including 1 GA_(13)ox,1 GA_(20)ox,1 GA_(3)ox,2 GA_(2)oxs,4 GID1cs,and 1 DELLA,were analyzed using bioinformatics tools.The GA-related genes in fruit and fruit stalk exhibited significant correlations with fruit growth/development and fruit dropping.Overall,the fruit growth and development law,and the expression patterns of GA-related genes provided a theoretical foundation for further functional study and the screening of candidate genes for potential applications in A.villosum.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2022JJ30896)。
文摘Objective:Significant interindividual differences exist in the efficacy of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and reliable biomarkers for predicting therapeutic response are lacking.Immunogenic cell death(ICD)participates in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment(TME)through the release of damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),thereby possessing the potential to reshape the TME.DAMPs are essential for the occurrence of ICD.This study aims to address the lack of systematic evaluation of ICD-related molecular subtypes in HCC by constructing a DAMP-related molecular classification system and risk scoring model,as well as identifying hub genes regulating ICD in HCC for prognosis assessment and prediction of immunotherapy response.Methods:Transcriptomic data and clinical information from multiple cohorts,including The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-LIHC dataset,the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)GSE14520 dataset,and the International Cancer Genome Consortium(ICGC)-LIRI dataset,were integrated.Unsupervised consensus clustering analysis of 40 DAMP-related genes was performed to identify molecular subtypes of HCC,followed by functional analyses and identification of activated signaling pathways in each subtype.Prognosis-related genes were screened from differentially expressed genes using univariate Cox regression analysis,and a DAMP scoring model was established through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression and stepwise Cox regression analyses.The ESTIMATE algorithm was used to evaluate TME characteristics,and the CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to analyze immune cell infiltration levels in HCC.Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic predictive performance of the DAMP score and compare it with clinical characteristics and previously published messenger RNA(mRNA)biomarkers.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)was used to identify hub genes associated with the DAMP score.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining was performed to validate differential expression of hub genes between tumor and normal tissues.In vitro experiments,including cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assays and wound-healing assays,were conducted to investigate the role of hub genes in HCC.Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis levels and evaluate sensitivity to the ICD inducer 5-fluorouracil(5-FU).Results:Unsupervised consensus clustering analysis showed that HCC patients could be classified into 2 subgroups,namely low-DAMP-score and high-DAMP-score groups,based on the expression profiles of DAMP-related genes.Patients in the low-DAMP-score group had longer overall survival and exhibited higher immune cell infiltration,particularly CD8⁺T-cell infiltration(all P<0.05).The DAMP score demonstrated stable prognostic stratification capability across multiple independent cohorts,with poorer survival outcomes observed in the high-DAMP-score group(all P<0.05).Time-dependent ROC analysis demonstrated high accuracy of the DAMP score in predicting 1-year and 3-year survival,outperforming commonly used clinical characteristics and 53 previously published mRNA biomarkers.Functional analyses revealed that pathways activated in the high-DAMP-score group were mainly enriched in cell proliferation-related pathways,whereas the low-DAMPscore group was associated with immune activation and metabolism-related pathways.In addition,the DAMP score was significantly negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration levels,and the proportions of multiple immune cell types differed significantly between the high-and low-DAMP-score groups(all P<0.05).The DAMP-score-related hub gene TRIP13 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and promoted proliferation and migration of HCC cells(all P<0.05).Silencing TRIP13 expression in HCC cells increased sensitivity to the ICD inducer 5-FU and was accompanied by increased apoptosis levels(all P<0.05).Conclusion:The prognostic risk scoring model constructed based on DAMP-related genes can effectively stratify HCC patients and is closely associated with characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment.The DAMP scoring model established in this study may be used for prognostic evaluation and prediction of immunotherapy efficacy in HCC and demonstrated stable predictive performance across multiple cohorts.As a hub gene in this DAMP scoring model,TRIP13 exerts oncogenic effects in HCC and regulates tumor cell sensitivity to the ICD inducer 5-FU.The DAMP-score-based subtype classification system and TRIP13-targeted therapy provide new molecular evidence for individualized treatment of HCC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12102201,U2341244).
文摘An experimental and finite element simulation investigation are conducted to study the deformation patterns of steel targets during the penetration process of tungsten alloy long rods,as well as the influence of strength of the target on the deformation patterns.The experimental results revealed slight mass loss in the first layer of the steel target during the transient entrance phase,with an extremely negligible loss in target mass during the quasi-steady penetration phase.The results of macro-analysis,micro-analysis and simulation show that the eroded target material migrated towards the periphery of the crater,causing an increase in the target's thickness,remained within the target,instead of flowing out of the crater.Therefore,the process of long rods penetrating the metal target is considered as a process of backward extrusion.By combining the backward extrusion theory with energy conservation,a penetration depth model for long rods penetrating a metal target,taking into account both the diameter of the crater and the friction coefficient between the rod and the target,has been established.Although the model is not yet perfect,it innovatively applies the principles of solid mechanics to the study of long rod penetration.Additionally,it takes into account the friction coefficient between the rod and the target during the penetration process.Therefore,this model provides a new research direction for future studies on long rod penetration.
文摘Chaoshan drawnwork handkerchief design exhibits self-similarity and fractal characteristics due to their grid-based structure,overall symmetry,and the way local motifs reflect the whole pattern.To explore the potential of fractals in traditional textile design,a fractal-based generative framework was proposed for efficiently creating drawnwork patterns suitable for practical handicraft production.The research was initiated with an analysis of the structural composition of center,skeleton,and filler motifs extracted from a pattern sample library.Based on this hierarchical classification,the box-counting method was employed to calculate their respective fractal dimensions.Building on fractal art theory,generative algorithms,and studies on the application of Ultra Fractal,a Chaoshan drawnwork fractal design model was established.Using this model,51 drawnwork fractal patterns and 153 handkerchief patterns were generated.These patterns were subsequently applied in real-world production to validate the feasibility and value of fractal techniques in textile design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62001227)the Academy of Finland(315858341489).
文摘This paper considers the short-range sensing imple-mentation in continuous-wave(CW)phased array systems.We specifically address this CW short-range sensing challenges stemming from the self-interference cancellation(SIC)operation and synthesis requirement of arbitrary beampatterns for the sensing purpose,which has rarely been researched before.In this paper,unlike the only existed work that exploits the heuris-tic method and shares no analytical solution,an SIC pattern syn-thesis design is presented with a closed-form solution.By utiliz-ing the null-space projection(NSP)method,the proposed method effectively mitigates the self-interference to enable the in-band full-duplex operation of the array system.Subsequently,the NSP design will be innovatively embedded in a singular value decomposition(SVD)based weighted alternating reserve projec-tion(WARP)approach to efficiently synthesize an arbitrary desired pattern by solving a unique rank-deficient weighted least mean square problem.Numerical results validate the effective-ness of the proposed method in terms of beampattern,SIC per-formance,and sensing performance.
