This work proposed a strategy to improve the caking index of polyethylene terephthalate(PET)waste,in which low-temperature pyrolysis treatment(LTPT)was used to depolymerize PET waste.The mechanism of G modification wa...This work proposed a strategy to improve the caking index of polyethylene terephthalate(PET)waste,in which low-temperature pyrolysis treatment(LTPT)was used to depolymerize PET waste.The mechanism of G modification was revealed combining thermogravimetric(TG)analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,pyrolysis-gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection,and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Furthermore,crucible coking experiments were also conducted using industrial coal mixture and treated PET with the optimum G(PET300)or raw PET to evaluate the applicability of PET waste in coal-blending coking.According to characterization results of coke reactivity(CR),coke strength after reaction(CSR)indices,TG-related curves,pore volumes,and Raman spectra of the resultant cokes,LTPT could greatly increase the G of PET,and the optimum temperature was 300℃.Specifically,compared with the coke obtained from the blend with PET,the CR of the coke produced from the blend with PET300 decreased by 4.9%,whereas the CSR of the increased by 7.4%,suggesting that LTPT could increase the proportion of PET used for coal-blending coking.The improvement in G is attributed to the changes in C-O/C=O ratio,aliphatic H and aromaticity caused by LTPT.展开更多
Experiments were conducted to investigate the behavior of the sequential system of intensified zero-valent iron process(IZVI) and anaerobic filter and biological aerated filter(AF/BAF) reactors for advanced treatment ...Experiments were conducted to investigate the behavior of the sequential system of intensified zero-valent iron process(IZVI) and anaerobic filter and biological aerated filter(AF/BAF) reactors for advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater. Particular attention was paid to the performance of the integrated system for the removal of chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N) and total nitrogen(TN). The average removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N and TN were 76.28%, 96.76% and 59.97%, with the average effluent mass concentrations of 56, 0.53 and 18.83 mg/L, respectively, reaching the first grade of the national discharge standard. Moreover, the results of gas chromatography/mass spectrum(GC/MS) and gel permeation chromatography(GPC) analysis demonstrated that the refractory organic compounds with high relative molecular mass were partly removed in IZVI process by the function of oxidation-reduction, flocculation and adsorption which could also enhance the biodegradability of the system effluent. The removal efficiencies of NH3-N and TN were achieved mainly in the subsequent AF/BAF reactors by nitrification and denitrification. Overall, the results obtained show that the application of IZVI in combination with AF/BAF is a promising technology for advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater.展开更多
For the resource utilization of the solid waste coking sulfur paste and the improvement of performance of the asphalt mixture,a method for preparing modified asphalt mixture with coking sulfur paste modifier(CSPM)is h...For the resource utilization of the solid waste coking sulfur paste and the improvement of performance of the asphalt mixture,a method for preparing modified asphalt mixture with coking sulfur paste modifier(CSPM)is herein proposed.Compared with the matrix asphalt mixture,the Marshall stability of the 30%CSPM modified asphalt mixture increased by 38.3%,the dynamic stability increased by nearly one time(reaching 1847.5 times/mm),the splitting strength ratio increased by 39.3%while the splitting tensile strength decreased by 11.7%.After curing,the performance of the CSPM modified asphalt mixture was further improved.The results show that CSPM improved the high temperature stability and water damage resistance of the asphalt mixture,and the low-temperature anti-cracking performance of that was slightly reduced.Chemical analysis of asphalt binders shows that a little sulfur reacted with asphalt to produce polysulfide compounds(R-Sx-R′),and a part of sulfur existed in the form of crystalline sulfur which was further increased after curing.The presence of crystalline sulfur as an inorganic filler is the key point for improving the high temperature stability and water resistance performance of modified asphalt mixture.展开更多
The paper described the coking plant and Lurgi gasifier plant waste water types and characteristics , comparing the COD and ammonia-N level in different source of waste water in the plant.The currently maturity coking...The paper described the coking plant and Lurgi gasifier plant waste water types and characteristics , comparing the COD and ammonia-N level in different source of waste water in the plant.The currently maturity coking plant waste water treatment method was statement in the paper and analyzed the pros and cons of each method.The primary cost analysis of each type of waste water treatment was also completed in the paper.According to these analyses , recommendation was prepared for coking plant and Lurgi gasifier plant waste water treatment.展开更多
Hydrogen-enriched ironmaking presents a promising approach to mitigate coke consumption and carbon emission in blast furnace(BF)operations.This work investigated the relationship between the structural features of cok...Hydrogen-enriched ironmaking presents a promising approach to mitigate coke consumption and carbon emission in blast furnace(BF)operations.This work investigated the relationship between the structural features of cokes and their reactivity towards solution loss(SL),especially under hydrogen-enriched atmospheres.Six cokes were characterized,and their SL behaviors were examined under varying atmospheres to elucidate the effects of hydrogen enrichment.The results indicate that an increase in fixed carbon content leads to a decrease in the coke reactivity index(CRI)and an increase in coke strength after reaction(CSR),in the CO_(2) atmosphere,the CSR of coke increases from 35.76%−62.83%,while in the 90CO_(2)/10H_(2) atmosphere,the CSR of coke increases from 65.67%−84.09%.There is a good linear relationship between CRI and microcrystalline structure parameters of coke.Cokes with larger crystalline size,lower amorphous content,and smaller optical texture index(OTI)values show enhanced resistance to degradation and maintain structural integrity in BF.Kinetic analysis performed with the shifted-modified-random pore model(S-MRPM)reveals that alterations in pore structure and intrinsic mineral composition significantly influence the reaction rate.The introduction of a small amount of water vapor raises SL rates,whereas a minor addition of hydrogen(<10%)decelerates SL due to its incomplete conversion to water vapor and the reduced partial pressure of the gasifying agent.Thermodynamic calculations also indicate that the introduced hydrogen does not convert into the same fraction of water vapor.The shift from chemical reaction control to gas diffusion control as the rate-determining step with rising temperatures during SL process was confirmed,and the introduction of hydrogen does not notably alter SL behavior.This result demonstrated that introducing a small amount of hydrogen(<10%)can mitigate SL rates,thereby enhancing coke strength and reducing coke consumption and carbon emissions.展开更多
The coal with low moisture during carbonization could not only increase the yield of coke,but also promote the coke quality and reduce the energy consumption.In this paper,the influence of the moisture in the blend co...The coal with low moisture during carbonization could not only increase the yield of coke,but also promote the coke quality and reduce the energy consumption.In this paper,the influence of the moisture in the blend coal(1.8%10.13%)on the product yields and coke quality during coal carbonization were investigated.The results show that the coke yield is increased from 75.90%to 77.16%,and the coke qualities such as coke strength after reaction with CO2(CSR),coke reactivity index(CRI),fragmentation index(M25)and abrasion index(M10))are also improved when the moisture of the blend coal decreases from 10.13%to 1.80%in a bench scale reactor.Due to the secondary reaction,tar become lighter when the moisture is decreased.In order to further prove the above results,the blend coal with 1.8%and 9%10%(common moisture used in coke plant)moisture is carbonized in a coke oven with 6 m height,the results show that CRI are 23.4%and 27.3%,CRS are 67.1%and 62.2%under 1.8%and 9%10%moisture of blend coal.Moreover,the variation of the moisture in blend coal has a limited influence on dust emission at the ascension pipe and the charging car.展开更多
Process control is an effective approach to reduce the NO_(x) emission from sintering flue gas.The effects of different materials adhered on coke breeze on NO_(x) emission characteristics and sintering performance wer...Process control is an effective approach to reduce the NO_(x) emission from sintering flue gas.The effects of different materials adhered on coke breeze on NO_(x) emission characteristics and sintering performance were studied.Results showed that the coke breeze adhered with the mixture of CaO and Fe_(2)O_(3) or calcium ferrite significantly lowers the NO_(x) emission concentration and conversion ratio of fuel-N to NO_(x).Pretreating the coke with the mixture of lime slurry and iron ore fines helped to improve the granulation effect,and optimize the carbon distribution in granules.When the mass ratio of coke breeze,quick lime,water and iron ore fines was 2:1:1:1,the average NO_(x) emission concentration was decreased from 220 mg/m^(3) to 166 mg/m^(3),and the conversion ratio of fuel-N was reduced from 54.2%to 40.9%.展开更多
It is of great importance to elucidate reduction swelling behaviors and reaction mechanism of oxidized pellet in hydrogen-enriched atmosphere under coke oven gas injection. In this work, the effects of hydrogen concen...It is of great importance to elucidate reduction swelling behaviors and reaction mechanism of oxidized pellet in hydrogen-enriched atmosphere under coke oven gas injection. In this work, the effects of hydrogen concentration in N_2-CO-H_2 atmosphere with unchanged CO content on reduction swelling behaviors of oxidized pellet at 1173 K were studied, to clarify the mechanism of hydrogen-enriched reduction and exclude the influences of CO. Then, the reduction swelling behaviors of oxidized pellet at 1173 K in actual atmosphere under coke oven gas(COG) injection, got from the simulation results of multi-fluid blast furnace model, were investigated. The results show that with the concentration of hydrogen increasing in N_2-CO-H_2 gas from 2% to 18%, the reduction swelling index of pellet decreases from 10.12% to 5.57% while the reduction ratio of pellet increases obviously from 39.85% to 69.58%. In addition, with COG injection rate increasing from 0 to 152.34 m^3/t, the reduction swelling index of pellet decreases slightly from 10.71% to 9.54% while the reduction ratio of pellet is increased from 31.57% to 36.39%. The microstructures of pellet are transformed from the platy structure to the flocculent structure.展开更多
A process of purification of coal-based coke powder as anode the treatment of coke powder with dilute hydrofluoric acid solution, for Li-ion batteries was attempted. The process started with followed by united-acid-le...A process of purification of coal-based coke powder as anode the treatment of coke powder with dilute hydrofluoric acid solution, for Li-ion batteries was attempted. The process started with followed by united-acid-leaching using sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. The effects of altering the hydrofluoric acid addition, hydrofluoric acid concentration, contact time, temperature and acid type were investigated. A minimum ash content of 0.35% was obtained when proper conditions were applied. The electrochemical performance of purified coke powder shows greatly improved electrochemical performance. The as-purified coke powder presented an initial reversible capacity of 257.4 mAh/g and a retention rate of 95% after 50 cycles. The proposed purification process paves a way to prepare a promising anode material with good performance with low cost of coke powder for Li-ion batteries.展开更多
The properties and blending recipe of petroleum cokes used to make high quality carbon anodes for aluminium electrolysis were studied. Three kinds of green cokes were selected for bench scale study to illustrate the e...The properties and blending recipe of petroleum cokes used to make high quality carbon anodes for aluminium electrolysis were studied. Three kinds of green cokes were selected for bench scale study to illustrate the effects of cokes properties and its blending recipe on anode performances. The results show that impurities derived mainly fi＇om cokes remarkably affect the CO2 reactivity and air reactivity of carbon anodes. Ca, Na and V can increase CO2 reactivity of calcined cokes but S has the contrary effect, and the cokes of high V level generally present high air reactivity. The anodes with good quality can be made by properly selecting and scientifically blending of cokes, some poor quality cokes can also be used to produce high quality anodes with a reasonable blending recipe. Na contaminated anodes have high CO2 reactivity and air reactivity, so the recycled anode butts should be well cleaned to reduce Na content before being introduced into anode production, which is especially important to the low S cokes.展开更多
Producing methanol from coke oven gas(COG) is one of the important applications of COG. Removal of sulfur from COG is a key step of this process. Conversion and reaction kinetics over a commercial Fe-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst...Producing methanol from coke oven gas(COG) is one of the important applications of COG. Removal of sulfur from COG is a key step of this process. Conversion and reaction kinetics over a commercial Fe-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst(T-202) were studied in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor under pressures of 1.6-2.8 MPa, space time of 1.32-3.55 s and temperatures of 240-360 °C. Though the COG contains about 0.6 mol/mol H2, hydrogenation of CO and CO2 is not significant on this catalyst. The conversions of unsaturated hydrocarbons depend on their molecular structures. Diolefins and alkynes can be completely hydrogenated even at relatively low temperature and pressure. Olefins, in contrast, can only be progressively hydrogenated with increasing temperature and pressure. The hydrodesulfurization(HDS) of CS2 on this catalyst is easy. Complete conversion of CS2 was observed in the whole range of the conditions used in this work. The original COS in the COG can also be easily converted to a low level. However, its complete HDS is difficult due to the relatively high concentration of CO in the COG and due to the limitation of thermodynamics. H2 S can react with unsaturated hydrocarbons to form ethyl mercaptan and thiophene, which are then progressively hydrodesulfurized with increasing temperature and pressure. Based on the experimental observations, reaction kinetic models for the conversion of ethylene and sulfur-containing compounds were proposed; the values of the parameters in the models were obtained by regression of the experimental data.展开更多
Inhibition mechanism between sodium （NaaAlF6） and sulfur on coke reactivity was investigated by simulating petroleum coke with low-impurity pitch coke and by impurity doping. The mechanism was discussed by scanning ...Inhibition mechanism between sodium （NaaAlF6） and sulfur on coke reactivity was investigated by simulating petroleum coke with low-impurity pitch coke and by impurity doping. The mechanism was discussed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray powder diffraction. Results show that Na effectively inhibited S catalysis during carbon-air/CO2 reactions, and S inhibited the catalysis of Na during carbon- air reaction to a certain extent. A stable structure with a Na-to-S atomic ratio of 1.4 and a cyclic reaction system of ＂Na2SO3→ Na2S→Na2CO3→ Na2SO3＂ were likely the keys to producing this mutual inhibition.展开更多
The effects of factors such as the molar ratio of H2O to CH4 (n(H2O)/n(CH4)), methane conversion temperature and time on methane conversion rate were investigated to build kinetic model for reforming of coke-oven gas ...The effects of factors such as the molar ratio of H2O to CH4 (n(H2O)/n(CH4)), methane conversion temperature and time on methane conversion rate were investigated to build kinetic model for reforming of coke-oven gas with steam. The results of experiments show that the optimal conditions for methane conversion are that the molar ratio of H2O to CH4 varies from 1.1 to 1.3 and the conversion temperature varies from 1 223 to 1 273 K. The methane conversion rate is more than 95% when the molar ratio of H2O to CH4 is 1.2, the conversion temperature is above 1 223 K and the conversion time is longer than 0.75 s. Kinetic model of methane conversion was proposed. All results demonstrate that the calculated values by the kinetic model accord with the experimental data well, and the error is less than 1.5%.展开更多
The granulability and absorbtivity of sawdust and coke breeze were investigated.These properties are important within the preparation of agglomeration charge.They have a significant impact on plynodynamic batch condit...The granulability and absorbtivity of sawdust and coke breeze were investigated.These properties are important within the preparation of agglomeration charge.They have a significant impact on plynodynamic batch conditions.Ability of materials to wet is a fundamental condition of granulability of materials.Wettability and water absorption of wood with liquids is generally significantly affected by their chemical structure.The important factors affecting the wetting process are undoubtedly the wood moisture content,the value of the surface tension of liquid media and their chemical composition.With increasing moisture content of wood,the time to equilibrium rises.Determination of water absorption and granulability of sawdust was conducted to seek their possible use as a partial replacement of coke dust in the production of the agglomerate.Experiments have been realized with alder,oak and pine sawdust and reference material-coke breeze.These materials were divided to four classes of granularity:supplied material,1-2 mm,0.5-1 mm and less than 0.5 mm.And different liquid media were used:water 16°C,water 60°C,soapy water,lime milk and surfactant.展开更多
In order to solve the failure of fuel system when using petroleum coke oil slurry (PCOS) in a R180 diesel engine directly,a petroleum coke oil slurry fuel system (PCOSFS) was developed and installed in R180 engine,whi...In order to solve the failure of fuel system when using petroleum coke oil slurry (PCOS) in a R180 diesel engine directly,a petroleum coke oil slurry fuel system (PCOSFS) was developed and installed in R180 engine,which was called PCOS engine.In order to analyze performances and emissions of the PCOS engine,a comparative experiment between PCOS engine fueled with PCOS and R180 engine fueled with diesel oil was carried out.The results show that the PCOS engine can run smoothly,the maximum output power decreases by about 6.2% and 19.0% and the maximum brake thermal efficiency reduces by around 5.85% and 4.13% as compared to R180 engine under the conditions of 1 200 and 1 600 r/min.The HC emissions of PCOS engine are lower than those of R180 engine at 1 200 r/min,and are close to those of R180 engine at 1 600 r/min.The CO emissions are similar to R180 engine at 1 200 and 1 600 r/min.The smoke intensity is close to R180 engine at 1 200 r/min,and is higher than R180 engine at 1 600 r/min.The particles emitted from PCOS engine array sparsely,but particles emitted from R180 engine array closely,cohering together.展开更多
The mechanism of additive ZC 1 for catalyzing combustion of coke breeze in sintering of iron ore fines was studied by using X ray Diffraction, TGA and GC(Gas Chromatographer), by which energy saving was achieved on si...The mechanism of additive ZC 1 for catalyzing combustion of coke breeze in sintering of iron ore fines was studied by using X ray Diffraction, TGA and GC(Gas Chromatographer), by which energy saving was achieved on sinter pot test. The results show that the distance between cleavage planes is enlarged and the π electrons are re distributed because of the insertion of cations/molecules of ZC 1 into the cleavage planes of carbon , resulting in the weakening of C-C bond, improving the adsorption of oxygen and lowering the activation energy of gasification of carbon from 25.8 kJ/mol to 18.9 kJ/mol , and the burning rate being increased and combustion residual reduced, all of which can lead to lower solid fuel consumption . Compared with the sintering test without addition of additives , the solid fuel consumption is reduced by 16.0%, meanwhile, the rate of finished sinter, the output of finished sinter and the tumbling index are increased by 2.03%, 7.0% and 3.71% , respectively, with incorporating 0.2% of additive ZC 1 in the sintering mixture, which is in agreement with the catalyzing mechanism of ZC 1.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308006,22278001)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Provincial Education Department(KJ2021A0407).
文摘This work proposed a strategy to improve the caking index of polyethylene terephthalate(PET)waste,in which low-temperature pyrolysis treatment(LTPT)was used to depolymerize PET waste.The mechanism of G modification was revealed combining thermogravimetric(TG)analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,pyrolysis-gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection,and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Furthermore,crucible coking experiments were also conducted using industrial coal mixture and treated PET with the optimum G(PET300)or raw PET to evaluate the applicability of PET waste in coal-blending coking.According to characterization results of coke reactivity(CR),coke strength after reaction(CSR)indices,TG-related curves,pore volumes,and Raman spectra of the resultant cokes,LTPT could greatly increase the G of PET,and the optimum temperature was 300℃.Specifically,compared with the coke obtained from the blend with PET,the CR of the coke produced from the blend with PET300 decreased by 4.9%,whereas the CSR of the increased by 7.4%,suggesting that LTPT could increase the proportion of PET used for coal-blending coking.The improvement in G is attributed to the changes in C-O/C=O ratio,aliphatic H and aromaticity caused by LTPT.
基金Project(2006BAJ04A)suppprted by the National Sci-Tech Support Plan,China
文摘Experiments were conducted to investigate the behavior of the sequential system of intensified zero-valent iron process(IZVI) and anaerobic filter and biological aerated filter(AF/BAF) reactors for advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater. Particular attention was paid to the performance of the integrated system for the removal of chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N) and total nitrogen(TN). The average removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N and TN were 76.28%, 96.76% and 59.97%, with the average effluent mass concentrations of 56, 0.53 and 18.83 mg/L, respectively, reaching the first grade of the national discharge standard. Moreover, the results of gas chromatography/mass spectrum(GC/MS) and gel permeation chromatography(GPC) analysis demonstrated that the refractory organic compounds with high relative molecular mass were partly removed in IZVI process by the function of oxidation-reduction, flocculation and adsorption which could also enhance the biodegradability of the system effluent. The removal efficiencies of NH3-N and TN were achieved mainly in the subsequent AF/BAF reactors by nitrification and denitrification. Overall, the results obtained show that the application of IZVI in combination with AF/BAF is a promising technology for advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater.
基金Project(201703D321006)supported by the Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project(Social Development),China。
文摘For the resource utilization of the solid waste coking sulfur paste and the improvement of performance of the asphalt mixture,a method for preparing modified asphalt mixture with coking sulfur paste modifier(CSPM)is herein proposed.Compared with the matrix asphalt mixture,the Marshall stability of the 30%CSPM modified asphalt mixture increased by 38.3%,the dynamic stability increased by nearly one time(reaching 1847.5 times/mm),the splitting strength ratio increased by 39.3%while the splitting tensile strength decreased by 11.7%.After curing,the performance of the CSPM modified asphalt mixture was further improved.The results show that CSPM improved the high temperature stability and water damage resistance of the asphalt mixture,and the low-temperature anti-cracking performance of that was slightly reduced.Chemical analysis of asphalt binders shows that a little sulfur reacted with asphalt to produce polysulfide compounds(R-Sx-R′),and a part of sulfur existed in the form of crystalline sulfur which was further increased after curing.The presence of crystalline sulfur as an inorganic filler is the key point for improving the high temperature stability and water resistance performance of modified asphalt mixture.
文摘The paper described the coking plant and Lurgi gasifier plant waste water types and characteristics , comparing the COD and ammonia-N level in different source of waste water in the plant.The currently maturity coking plant waste water treatment method was statement in the paper and analyzed the pros and cons of each method.The primary cost analysis of each type of waste water treatment was also completed in the paper.According to these analyses , recommendation was prepared for coking plant and Lurgi gasifier plant waste water treatment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178002,22178001)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2308085Y19)Excellent Youth Research Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education(2022AH030045).
文摘Hydrogen-enriched ironmaking presents a promising approach to mitigate coke consumption and carbon emission in blast furnace(BF)operations.This work investigated the relationship between the structural features of cokes and their reactivity towards solution loss(SL),especially under hydrogen-enriched atmospheres.Six cokes were characterized,and their SL behaviors were examined under varying atmospheres to elucidate the effects of hydrogen enrichment.The results indicate that an increase in fixed carbon content leads to a decrease in the coke reactivity index(CRI)and an increase in coke strength after reaction(CSR),in the CO_(2) atmosphere,the CSR of coke increases from 35.76%−62.83%,while in the 90CO_(2)/10H_(2) atmosphere,the CSR of coke increases from 65.67%−84.09%.There is a good linear relationship between CRI and microcrystalline structure parameters of coke.Cokes with larger crystalline size,lower amorphous content,and smaller optical texture index(OTI)values show enhanced resistance to degradation and maintain structural integrity in BF.Kinetic analysis performed with the shifted-modified-random pore model(S-MRPM)reveals that alterations in pore structure and intrinsic mineral composition significantly influence the reaction rate.The introduction of a small amount of water vapor raises SL rates,whereas a minor addition of hydrogen(<10%)decelerates SL due to its incomplete conversion to water vapor and the reduced partial pressure of the gasifying agent.Thermodynamic calculations also indicate that the introduced hydrogen does not convert into the same fraction of water vapor.The shift from chemical reaction control to gas diffusion control as the rate-determining step with rising temperatures during SL process was confirmed,and the introduction of hydrogen does not notably alter SL behavior.This result demonstrated that introducing a small amount of hydrogen(<10%)can mitigate SL rates,thereby enhancing coke strength and reducing coke consumption and carbon emissions.
基金Project(51706160)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(T201906)supported by the Foundation for Outstanding Youth Innovative Research Groups of Higher Education Institution in Hubei Province,China
文摘The coal with low moisture during carbonization could not only increase the yield of coke,but also promote the coke quality and reduce the energy consumption.In this paper,the influence of the moisture in the blend coal(1.8%10.13%)on the product yields and coke quality during coal carbonization were investigated.The results show that the coke yield is increased from 75.90%to 77.16%,and the coke qualities such as coke strength after reaction with CO2(CSR),coke reactivity index(CRI),fragmentation index(M25)and abrasion index(M10))are also improved when the moisture of the blend coal decreases from 10.13%to 1.80%in a bench scale reactor.Due to the secondary reaction,tar become lighter when the moisture is decreased.In order to further prove the above results,the blend coal with 1.8%and 9%10%(common moisture used in coke plant)moisture is carbonized in a coke oven with 6 m height,the results show that CRI are 23.4%and 27.3%,CRS are 67.1%and 62.2%under 1.8%and 9%10%moisture of blend coal.Moreover,the variation of the moisture in blend coal has a limited influence on dust emission at the ascension pipe and the charging car.
基金Project(2017YFC0210302)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProjects(U1660206,U1760107)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Process control is an effective approach to reduce the NO_(x) emission from sintering flue gas.The effects of different materials adhered on coke breeze on NO_(x) emission characteristics and sintering performance were studied.Results showed that the coke breeze adhered with the mixture of CaO and Fe_(2)O_(3) or calcium ferrite significantly lowers the NO_(x) emission concentration and conversion ratio of fuel-N to NO_(x).Pretreating the coke with the mixture of lime slurry and iron ore fines helped to improve the granulation effect,and optimize the carbon distribution in granules.When the mass ratio of coke breeze,quick lime,water and iron ore fines was 2:1:1:1,the average NO_(x) emission concentration was decreased from 220 mg/m^(3) to 166 mg/m^(3),and the conversion ratio of fuel-N was reduced from 54.2%to 40.9%.
基金Project(51404005)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘It is of great importance to elucidate reduction swelling behaviors and reaction mechanism of oxidized pellet in hydrogen-enriched atmosphere under coke oven gas injection. In this work, the effects of hydrogen concentration in N_2-CO-H_2 atmosphere with unchanged CO content on reduction swelling behaviors of oxidized pellet at 1173 K were studied, to clarify the mechanism of hydrogen-enriched reduction and exclude the influences of CO. Then, the reduction swelling behaviors of oxidized pellet at 1173 K in actual atmosphere under coke oven gas(COG) injection, got from the simulation results of multi-fluid blast furnace model, were investigated. The results show that with the concentration of hydrogen increasing in N_2-CO-H_2 gas from 2% to 18%, the reduction swelling index of pellet decreases from 10.12% to 5.57% while the reduction ratio of pellet increases obviously from 39.85% to 69.58%. In addition, with COG injection rate increasing from 0 to 152.34 m^3/t, the reduction swelling index of pellet decreases slightly from 10.71% to 9.54% while the reduction ratio of pellet is increased from 31.57% to 36.39%. The microstructures of pellet are transformed from the platy structure to the flocculent structure.
基金Projects(51274240,51204209) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012M521545) supported by the National Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China
文摘A process of purification of coal-based coke powder as anode the treatment of coke powder with dilute hydrofluoric acid solution, for Li-ion batteries was attempted. The process started with followed by united-acid-leaching using sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. The effects of altering the hydrofluoric acid addition, hydrofluoric acid concentration, contact time, temperature and acid type were investigated. A minimum ash content of 0.35% was obtained when proper conditions were applied. The electrochemical performance of purified coke powder shows greatly improved electrochemical performance. The as-purified coke powder presented an initial reversible capacity of 257.4 mAh/g and a retention rate of 95% after 50 cycles. The proposed purification process paves a way to prepare a promising anode material with good performance with low cost of coke powder for Li-ion batteries.
文摘The properties and blending recipe of petroleum cokes used to make high quality carbon anodes for aluminium electrolysis were studied. Three kinds of green cokes were selected for bench scale study to illustrate the effects of cokes properties and its blending recipe on anode performances. The results show that impurities derived mainly fi＇om cokes remarkably affect the CO2 reactivity and air reactivity of carbon anodes. Ca, Na and V can increase CO2 reactivity of calcined cokes but S has the contrary effect, and the cokes of high V level generally present high air reactivity. The anodes with good quality can be made by properly selecting and scientifically blending of cokes, some poor quality cokes can also be used to produce high quality anodes with a reasonable blending recipe. Na contaminated anodes have high CO2 reactivity and air reactivity, so the recycled anode butts should be well cleaned to reduce Na content before being introduced into anode production, which is especially important to the low S cokes.
文摘Producing methanol from coke oven gas(COG) is one of the important applications of COG. Removal of sulfur from COG is a key step of this process. Conversion and reaction kinetics over a commercial Fe-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst(T-202) were studied in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor under pressures of 1.6-2.8 MPa, space time of 1.32-3.55 s and temperatures of 240-360 °C. Though the COG contains about 0.6 mol/mol H2, hydrogenation of CO and CO2 is not significant on this catalyst. The conversions of unsaturated hydrocarbons depend on their molecular structures. Diolefins and alkynes can be completely hydrogenated even at relatively low temperature and pressure. Olefins, in contrast, can only be progressively hydrogenated with increasing temperature and pressure. The hydrodesulfurization(HDS) of CS2 on this catalyst is easy. Complete conversion of CS2 was observed in the whole range of the conditions used in this work. The original COS in the COG can also be easily converted to a low level. However, its complete HDS is difficult due to the relatively high concentration of CO in the COG and due to the limitation of thermodynamics. H2 S can react with unsaturated hydrocarbons to form ethyl mercaptan and thiophene, which are then progressively hydrodesulfurized with increasing temperature and pressure. Based on the experimental observations, reaction kinetic models for the conversion of ethylene and sulfur-containing compounds were proposed; the values of the parameters in the models were obtained by regression of the experimental data.
基金Projects(51374253,51574289)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Inhibition mechanism between sodium （NaaAlF6） and sulfur on coke reactivity was investigated by simulating petroleum coke with low-impurity pitch coke and by impurity doping. The mechanism was discussed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray powder diffraction. Results show that Na effectively inhibited S catalysis during carbon-air/CO2 reactions, and S inhibited the catalysis of Na during carbon- air reaction to a certain extent. A stable structure with a Na-to-S atomic ratio of 1.4 and a cyclic reaction system of ＂Na2SO3→ Na2S→Na2CO3→ Na2SO3＂ were likely the keys to producing this mutual inhibition.
基金Project(291054) supported by Postdoctoral Fund of China
文摘The effects of factors such as the molar ratio of H2O to CH4 (n(H2O)/n(CH4)), methane conversion temperature and time on methane conversion rate were investigated to build kinetic model for reforming of coke-oven gas with steam. The results of experiments show that the optimal conditions for methane conversion are that the molar ratio of H2O to CH4 varies from 1.1 to 1.3 and the conversion temperature varies from 1 223 to 1 273 K. The methane conversion rate is more than 95% when the molar ratio of H2O to CH4 is 1.2, the conversion temperature is above 1 223 K and the conversion time is longer than 0.75 s. Kinetic model of methane conversion was proposed. All results demonstrate that the calculated values by the kinetic model accord with the experimental data well, and the error is less than 1.5%.
基金supported by Slovak Research and Development Agency(APVV),Slovak Republic,No.APVV-0405-11Slovak research and development agency(SRDA),Slovak republic,No.VEGA1/0847/16
文摘The granulability and absorbtivity of sawdust and coke breeze were investigated.These properties are important within the preparation of agglomeration charge.They have a significant impact on plynodynamic batch conditions.Ability of materials to wet is a fundamental condition of granulability of materials.Wettability and water absorption of wood with liquids is generally significantly affected by their chemical structure.The important factors affecting the wetting process are undoubtedly the wood moisture content,the value of the surface tension of liquid media and their chemical composition.With increasing moisture content of wood,the time to equilibrium rises.Determination of water absorption and granulability of sawdust was conducted to seek their possible use as a partial replacement of coke dust in the production of the agglomerate.Experiments have been realized with alder,oak and pine sawdust and reference material-coke breeze.These materials were divided to four classes of granularity:supplied material,1-2 mm,0.5-1 mm and less than 0.5 mm.And different liquid media were used:water 16°C,water 60°C,soapy water,lime milk and surfactant.
基金Project(2007BAA09B05)supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(50804004)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to solve the failure of fuel system when using petroleum coke oil slurry (PCOS) in a R180 diesel engine directly,a petroleum coke oil slurry fuel system (PCOSFS) was developed and installed in R180 engine,which was called PCOS engine.In order to analyze performances and emissions of the PCOS engine,a comparative experiment between PCOS engine fueled with PCOS and R180 engine fueled with diesel oil was carried out.The results show that the PCOS engine can run smoothly,the maximum output power decreases by about 6.2% and 19.0% and the maximum brake thermal efficiency reduces by around 5.85% and 4.13% as compared to R180 engine under the conditions of 1 200 and 1 600 r/min.The HC emissions of PCOS engine are lower than those of R180 engine at 1 200 r/min,and are close to those of R180 engine at 1 600 r/min.The CO emissions are similar to R180 engine at 1 200 and 1 600 r/min.The smoke intensity is close to R180 engine at 1 200 r/min,and is higher than R180 engine at 1 600 r/min.The particles emitted from PCOS engine array sparsely,but particles emitted from R180 engine array closely,cohering together.
基金TheFoundationfortheTeachingandResearchProgramforOutstandingYoungTeachersinHigherEducationInstitu tionsofMOE P .R .C .
文摘The mechanism of additive ZC 1 for catalyzing combustion of coke breeze in sintering of iron ore fines was studied by using X ray Diffraction, TGA and GC(Gas Chromatographer), by which energy saving was achieved on sinter pot test. The results show that the distance between cleavage planes is enlarged and the π electrons are re distributed because of the insertion of cations/molecules of ZC 1 into the cleavage planes of carbon , resulting in the weakening of C-C bond, improving the adsorption of oxygen and lowering the activation energy of gasification of carbon from 25.8 kJ/mol to 18.9 kJ/mol , and the burning rate being increased and combustion residual reduced, all of which can lead to lower solid fuel consumption . Compared with the sintering test without addition of additives , the solid fuel consumption is reduced by 16.0%, meanwhile, the rate of finished sinter, the output of finished sinter and the tumbling index are increased by 2.03%, 7.0% and 3.71% , respectively, with incorporating 0.2% of additive ZC 1 in the sintering mixture, which is in agreement with the catalyzing mechanism of ZC 1.
