Objective To evaluate the emotional and cognitive status in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), using neuropsychological tests and evoked-related potential (P3). Methods Sixteen patients diagnosed o...Objective To evaluate the emotional and cognitive status in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), using neuropsychological tests and evoked-related potential (P3). Methods Sixteen patients diagnosed of OSAS were tested by Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HRSA) and Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD). Other three groups, OSAS patient group (n=21), snoring group (n=21), and control group (n=21), were administered polysomnography (PSG), auditory evoked event-related potential (P3), and clinic memory test. The results were analyzed using general linear model (GLM) analysis and Post Hoc test. Results Twelve OSAS patients’ scores of HRSA and HRSD were beyond the normal range, 26.42 ±4.48 and 22.08 ±3.97 respectively. The auditory P3 latency in OSAS group was 363.1 ±22.9 ms (Fz), 368.57 ±28.03 ms (Cz), in snoring group 336.57 ±31.08 ms (Fz), 339.81 ±31.76 ms (Cz), in control group 340.8 ±28.7 ms (Fz), 338.29 ±29.21 ms (Cz). There were significant differences between OSAS group and snoring group, as well as control group (P< 0.05). No significant difference was seen between snoring group and control group. No significant difference was noted in P3 amplitude among three groups. Memory quotient (MQ) reduced in snoring group compared with control group. Conclusions Emotional disturbances are common clinical features in OSAS patients. Abnormal auditory P3 latency indicates the cognitive dysfunction in OSAS patients. Nocturnal hypoxaemia may play an important role on it. Snorers should be monitored because of the tendency to develop cognitive impairment.展开更多
To the Editor I have read the article entitled ＂Cognitive function and adherence to antieoagulation treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation＂ by Jankowska-Polafiska, et al., with great interest. The investigat...To the Editor I have read the article entitled ＂Cognitive function and adherence to antieoagulation treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation＂ by Jankowska-Polafiska, et al., with great interest. The investigators reported that cognitive impairment is an independent determinant of compliance with pharmacological therapy in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation （AF）.展开更多
Metaphor is a universal language skill in daily life.It is also pervasive in computer English,which is not realized by most people.However,Lakoff's conceptual metaphor theory provides us an opportunity to pay clos...Metaphor is a universal language skill in daily life.It is also pervasive in computer English,which is not realized by most people.However,Lakoff's conceptual metaphor theory provides us an opportunity to pay close attention to these metaphors in computer English and offers us a new way to explore and learn computer English.Based on the conceptual metaphor theory,this paper presents a cognitive analysis on the functions of metaphor in computer English,especially its cognitive function and economical function.展开更多
Exercise is recognized as an effective strategy to delay brain aging, which is related to the activation of autophagy. Trehalose is a natural compound that can activate autophagy and exert beneficial effects in delayi...Exercise is recognized as an effective strategy to delay brain aging, which is related to the activation of autophagy. Trehalose is a natural compound that can activate autophagy and exert beneficial effects in delaying brain aging. In this study, we investigated whether trehalose may exert neuroprotection similar to those of exercise in delaying age-related cognitive decline. Fifteen-month-old male C57BL/6 mice underwent swim exercise and/or were treated with 2% trehalose for 12 weeks. Trehalose, exercise and the combination of exercise and trehalose intervention improved the learning and memory of aged mice. They also improved the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I, the protein level of LC3-II, Bnip3L, and Parkin respectively. Additionally, both exercise and trehalose increased the phosphorylation of AMPK. Exercise decreased cortical phosphorylation of m TOR and S6k, whereas trehalose did not change these cortical levels. These data indicated that exercise and trehalose might modulate autophagy through m TOR-dependent or m TOR-independent pathways, respectively. However, a combination of exercise and trehalose did not play a synergistic role in improving cognitive function and modulation of autophagy. Taken together, our findings suggest that trehalose exerts similar effects to those of exercise in delaying age-related cognitive decline and that it may thus represent an exercise mimetic to delay brain aging.展开更多
With the development of cognitive linguistics,a traditional view on metaphor that metaphor is a figure of speech has been challenged.A new cognitive view has taken its place:metaphor is not just a language phenomenon,...With the development of cognitive linguistics,a traditional view on metaphor that metaphor is a figure of speech has been challenged.A new cognitive view has taken its place:metaphor is not just a language phenomenon,but a "cognitive instrument" in nature.Metaphor has played an important role in understanding computer English and transferring scientific concepts.This thesis aims at making a systematic study on computer metaphors through the conceptual metaphor theory by taking screen English of computer as linguistic materials,and showing that conceptual metaphors can efficiently help people to understand and remember computer lexicons and expressions.展开更多
文摘Objective To evaluate the emotional and cognitive status in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), using neuropsychological tests and evoked-related potential (P3). Methods Sixteen patients diagnosed of OSAS were tested by Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HRSA) and Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD). Other three groups, OSAS patient group (n=21), snoring group (n=21), and control group (n=21), were administered polysomnography (PSG), auditory evoked event-related potential (P3), and clinic memory test. The results were analyzed using general linear model (GLM) analysis and Post Hoc test. Results Twelve OSAS patients’ scores of HRSA and HRSD were beyond the normal range, 26.42 ±4.48 and 22.08 ±3.97 respectively. The auditory P3 latency in OSAS group was 363.1 ±22.9 ms (Fz), 368.57 ±28.03 ms (Cz), in snoring group 336.57 ±31.08 ms (Fz), 339.81 ±31.76 ms (Cz), in control group 340.8 ±28.7 ms (Fz), 338.29 ±29.21 ms (Cz). There were significant differences between OSAS group and snoring group, as well as control group (P< 0.05). No significant difference was seen between snoring group and control group. No significant difference was noted in P3 amplitude among three groups. Memory quotient (MQ) reduced in snoring group compared with control group. Conclusions Emotional disturbances are common clinical features in OSAS patients. Abnormal auditory P3 latency indicates the cognitive dysfunction in OSAS patients. Nocturnal hypoxaemia may play an important role on it. Snorers should be monitored because of the tendency to develop cognitive impairment.
文摘To the Editor I have read the article entitled ＂Cognitive function and adherence to antieoagulation treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation＂ by Jankowska-Polafiska, et al., with great interest. The investigators reported that cognitive impairment is an independent determinant of compliance with pharmacological therapy in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation （AF）.
文摘Metaphor is a universal language skill in daily life.It is also pervasive in computer English,which is not realized by most people.However,Lakoff's conceptual metaphor theory provides us an opportunity to pay close attention to these metaphors in computer English and offers us a new way to explore and learn computer English.Based on the conceptual metaphor theory,this paper presents a cognitive analysis on the functions of metaphor in computer English,especially its cognitive function and economical function.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81771500)。
文摘Exercise is recognized as an effective strategy to delay brain aging, which is related to the activation of autophagy. Trehalose is a natural compound that can activate autophagy and exert beneficial effects in delaying brain aging. In this study, we investigated whether trehalose may exert neuroprotection similar to those of exercise in delaying age-related cognitive decline. Fifteen-month-old male C57BL/6 mice underwent swim exercise and/or were treated with 2% trehalose for 12 weeks. Trehalose, exercise and the combination of exercise and trehalose intervention improved the learning and memory of aged mice. They also improved the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I, the protein level of LC3-II, Bnip3L, and Parkin respectively. Additionally, both exercise and trehalose increased the phosphorylation of AMPK. Exercise decreased cortical phosphorylation of m TOR and S6k, whereas trehalose did not change these cortical levels. These data indicated that exercise and trehalose might modulate autophagy through m TOR-dependent or m TOR-independent pathways, respectively. However, a combination of exercise and trehalose did not play a synergistic role in improving cognitive function and modulation of autophagy. Taken together, our findings suggest that trehalose exerts similar effects to those of exercise in delaying age-related cognitive decline and that it may thus represent an exercise mimetic to delay brain aging.
文摘With the development of cognitive linguistics,a traditional view on metaphor that metaphor is a figure of speech has been challenged.A new cognitive view has taken its place:metaphor is not just a language phenomenon,but a "cognitive instrument" in nature.Metaphor has played an important role in understanding computer English and transferring scientific concepts.This thesis aims at making a systematic study on computer metaphors through the conceptual metaphor theory by taking screen English of computer as linguistic materials,and showing that conceptual metaphors can efficiently help people to understand and remember computer lexicons and expressions.
