A Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)analysis of a power is important and useful in clinical trials.A Classical Conditional Power(CCP)is a probability of a classical rejection region given values of true treatment ...A Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)analysis of a power is important and useful in clinical trials.A Classical Conditional Power(CCP)is a probability of a classical rejection region given values of true treatment effect and interim result.For hypotheses and reversed hypotheses under normal models,we obtain analytical expressions of the ROC curves of the CCP,find optimal ROC curves of the CCP,investigate the superiority of the ROC curves of the CCP,calculate critical values of the False Positive Rate(FPR),True Positive Rate(TPR),and cutoff of the optimal CCP,and give go/no go decisions at the interim of the optimal CCP.In addition,extensive numerical experiments are carried out to exemplify our theoretical results.Finally,a real data example is performed to illustrate the go/no go decisions of the optimal CCP.展开更多
The parameter sensitivities affecting the flutter speed of the NREL （National Renewable Energy Laboratory） 5-MW baseline HAWT （horizontal axis wind turbine） blades are analyzed. An aeroelastic model, which compris...The parameter sensitivities affecting the flutter speed of the NREL （National Renewable Energy Laboratory） 5-MW baseline HAWT （horizontal axis wind turbine） blades are analyzed. An aeroelastic model, which comprises an aerodynamic part to calculate the aerodynamic loads and a structural part to determine the structural dynamic responses, is established to describe the classical flutter of the blades. For the aerodynamic part, Theodorsen unsteady aerodynamics model is used. For the structural part, Lagrange’s equation is employed. The flutter speed is determined by introducing “V–g” method to the aeroelastic model, which converts the issue of classical flutter speed determination into an eigenvalue problem. Furthermore, the time domain aeroelastic response of the wind turbine blade section is obtained with employing Runge-Kutta method. The results show that four cases （i.e., reducing the blade torsional stiffness, moving the center of gravity or the elastic axis towards the trailing edge of the section, and placing the turbine in high air density area） will decrease the flutter speed. Therefore, the judicious selection of the four parameters （the torsional stiffness, the chordwise position of the center of gravity, the elastic axis position and air density） can increase the relative inflow speed at the blade section associated with the onset of flutter.展开更多
A new Matlab function based on a versatile compensator design approach is developed.This function allows design of lead-lag, PID, proportional plus rate feedback, proportional-integral plus rate feedback, and nth orde...A new Matlab function based on a versatile compensator design approach is developed.This function allows design of lead-lag, PID, proportional plus rate feedback, proportional-integral plus rate feedback, and nth order linear compensators.The primary inputs to this function are the plant transfer function and the desired closedloop behavior in terms of an nth order transfer function.The output is the particular compensator parameters.The unified design approach is primarily based on minimizing a mean-squared error type objective function.This minimization gives the compensator parameters in terms of a set of linear simultaneous algebraic equations.This solution method requires the user to input such parameters as the lower and upper limits of frequency range of interest;such parameters are automatically determined by the use of numerical optimization.The design method and the associated software are demonstrated by solving a flexible satellite problem, and the results are compared with those obtained by two other methods reported in the open literatures.展开更多
Classical swine fever virus(CSFV) is the causative agent of classical swine fever, a highly contagious disease of pigs. But there is little information on the recombination in natural populations of CSFVs. Therefore, ...Classical swine fever virus(CSFV) is the causative agent of classical swine fever, a highly contagious disease of pigs. But there is little information on the recombination in natural populations of CSFVs. Therefore, a phylogenetic analysis of 62 fulllength genome CSFV strains, isolated from all over the world, was performed to detect potential recombination events, with the recombinant sequences being analyzed with the SimPlot and RDP programs. The results identified a mosaic virus, Chinese CSFV HCLV(2)(AF091507.1), which is the one naturally emerged recombinant CSFV with two recombination breakpoints at 2 484 and 2 900 bp of the genome alignment. Its two putative parental-like strains were CSFV Shimen(AF092448.2) and CSFV strain C/HVRI(AY805221.1). This work demonstrated that homologous recombination did occur in natural CSFV populations. It had significant implications for understanding the molecular epidemiology of CSFV, and revealed that recombination was an important factor for high genetic diversities of CSFV.展开更多
It is shown that Mercury's motion of the perihelion around the Sun, which is believed to be explicable quantitatively only by general relativity, can be fully understood within the frame of the dynamics of special...It is shown that Mercury's motion of the perihelion around the Sun, which is believed to be explicable quantitatively only by general relativity, can be fully understood within the frame of the dynamics of special relativity. It is only necessary to take into consideration the relativistic dependence of the planet's inertial and gravitational masses on its velocity (relative to the Sun) in the conservation equations for energy, and linear and angular momenta in the gravitational field. The physical Problem is reduced to a singular, nonlinear differential equation, which is solved numerically for the planet Mercury. The advance of the perihelion of Mercury is shown to be = 42.087' for a period of 100 years, which is in agreement with the as- tronomical observations and the result (by analytical approximations) of general relativity.展开更多
Chinese classical culture is an organic system shared by Chinese nation for 5000 years,taking Confu-cianism as the base and including various other ideological and cultural contents.This article introduces the transmi...Chinese classical culture is an organic system shared by Chinese nation for 5000 years,taking Confu-cianism as the base and including various other ideological and cultural contents.This article introduces the transmission of Chinese classical culture from Confucian classics translation,promotion of Chinese cultural spirit,writing academic dissertations on the subject of China,translation of Chinese classical literature,introduction of Chinese painting and cal-ligraphy,and ilustration of Chinese local religions.展开更多
This paper presents the rigorous study of mobile robot navigation techniques used so far.The step by step investigations of classical and reactive approaches are made here to understand the development of path plannin...This paper presents the rigorous study of mobile robot navigation techniques used so far.The step by step investigations of classical and reactive approaches are made here to understand the development of path planning strategies in various environmental conditions and to identify research gap.The classical approaches such as cell decomposition(CD),roadmap approach(RA),artificial potential field(APF);reactive approaches such as genetic algorithm(GA),fuzzy logic(FL),neural network(NN),firefly algorithm(FA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),ant colony optimization(ACO),bacterial foraging optimization(BFO),artificial bee colony(ABC),cuckoo search(CS),shuffled frog leaping algorithm(SFLA)and other miscellaneous algorithms(OMA)are considered for study.The navigation over static and dynamic condition is analyzed(for single and multiple robot systems)and it has been observed that the reactive approaches are more robust and perform well in all terrain when compared to classical approaches.It is also observed that the reactive approaches are used to improve the performance of the classical approaches as a hybrid algorithm.Hence,reactive approaches are more popular and widely used for path planning of mobile robot.The paper concludes with tabular data and charts comparing the frequency of individual navigational strategies which can be used for specific application in robotics.展开更多
President Xi Jinping’s analysis of “a common future for humanity” is one of the most important and original features of China’s foreign policy and of “Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristi...President Xi Jinping’s analysis of “a common future for humanity” is one of the most important and original features of China’s foreign policy and of “Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era”.This concept is comprehensible not only in classical Chinese but in Western philosophical thought.Therefore,it is a creative development of Marxism whose accurate relation to economic reality,provides an exceptionally firm basis for China’s foreign policy and that of other countries.展开更多
This paper proposes an efficient framework to utilize quantum search practically.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first paper to show a concrete usage of quantum search in general programming.In our framework,...This paper proposes an efficient framework to utilize quantum search practically.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first paper to show a concrete usage of quantum search in general programming.In our framework,we can utilize a quantum computer as a coprocessor to speed-up some parts of a program that runs on a classical computer.To do so,we propose several new ideas and techniques,such as a practical method to design a large quantum circuits for search problems and an efficient quantum comparator.展开更多
1.Cotton Sciencepublishes original papers,brief notes and review articles in all areas of cotton research,including bio-technology ,classic and molecular genetics ,growth and development ,pathology and physiology ,etc .
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grand No.21XTJ001).
文摘A Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)analysis of a power is important and useful in clinical trials.A Classical Conditional Power(CCP)is a probability of a classical rejection region given values of true treatment effect and interim result.For hypotheses and reversed hypotheses under normal models,we obtain analytical expressions of the ROC curves of the CCP,find optimal ROC curves of the CCP,investigate the superiority of the ROC curves of the CCP,calculate critical values of the False Positive Rate(FPR),True Positive Rate(TPR),and cutoff of the optimal CCP,and give go/no go decisions at the interim of the optimal CCP.In addition,extensive numerical experiments are carried out to exemplify our theoretical results.Finally,a real data example is performed to illustrate the go/no go decisions of the optimal CCP.
基金Project(2015B37714)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ChinaProject(51605005)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(ZK16-03-03)supported by the Open Foundation of Jiangsu Wind Technology Center,ChinaProject([2013]56)supported by the First Group of 2011 Plan of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘The parameter sensitivities affecting the flutter speed of the NREL （National Renewable Energy Laboratory） 5-MW baseline HAWT （horizontal axis wind turbine） blades are analyzed. An aeroelastic model, which comprises an aerodynamic part to calculate the aerodynamic loads and a structural part to determine the structural dynamic responses, is established to describe the classical flutter of the blades. For the aerodynamic part, Theodorsen unsteady aerodynamics model is used. For the structural part, Lagrange’s equation is employed. The flutter speed is determined by introducing “V–g” method to the aeroelastic model, which converts the issue of classical flutter speed determination into an eigenvalue problem. Furthermore, the time domain aeroelastic response of the wind turbine blade section is obtained with employing Runge-Kutta method. The results show that four cases （i.e., reducing the blade torsional stiffness, moving the center of gravity or the elastic axis towards the trailing edge of the section, and placing the turbine in high air density area） will decrease the flutter speed. Therefore, the judicious selection of the four parameters （the torsional stiffness, the chordwise position of the center of gravity, the elastic axis position and air density） can increase the relative inflow speed at the blade section associated with the onset of flutter.
文摘A new Matlab function based on a versatile compensator design approach is developed.This function allows design of lead-lag, PID, proportional plus rate feedback, proportional-integral plus rate feedback, and nth order linear compensators.The primary inputs to this function are the plant transfer function and the desired closedloop behavior in terms of an nth order transfer function.The output is the particular compensator parameters.The unified design approach is primarily based on minimizing a mean-squared error type objective function.This minimization gives the compensator parameters in terms of a set of linear simultaneous algebraic equations.This solution method requires the user to input such parameters as the lower and upper limits of frequency range of interest;such parameters are automatically determined by the use of numerical optimization.The design method and the associated software are demonstrated by solving a flexible satellite problem, and the results are compared with those obtained by two other methods reported in the open literatures.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370140 31372438)
文摘Classical swine fever virus(CSFV) is the causative agent of classical swine fever, a highly contagious disease of pigs. But there is little information on the recombination in natural populations of CSFVs. Therefore, a phylogenetic analysis of 62 fulllength genome CSFV strains, isolated from all over the world, was performed to detect potential recombination events, with the recombinant sequences being analyzed with the SimPlot and RDP programs. The results identified a mosaic virus, Chinese CSFV HCLV(2)(AF091507.1), which is the one naturally emerged recombinant CSFV with two recombination breakpoints at 2 484 and 2 900 bp of the genome alignment. Its two putative parental-like strains were CSFV Shimen(AF092448.2) and CSFV strain C/HVRI(AY805221.1). This work demonstrated that homologous recombination did occur in natural CSFV populations. It had significant implications for understanding the molecular epidemiology of CSFV, and revealed that recombination was an important factor for high genetic diversities of CSFV.
文摘It is shown that Mercury's motion of the perihelion around the Sun, which is believed to be explicable quantitatively only by general relativity, can be fully understood within the frame of the dynamics of special relativity. It is only necessary to take into consideration the relativistic dependence of the planet's inertial and gravitational masses on its velocity (relative to the Sun) in the conservation equations for energy, and linear and angular momenta in the gravitational field. The physical Problem is reduced to a singular, nonlinear differential equation, which is solved numerically for the planet Mercury. The advance of the perihelion of Mercury is shown to be = 42.087' for a period of 100 years, which is in agreement with the as- tronomical observations and the result (by analytical approximations) of general relativity.
基金The research is supported by the National Social Science Fund Project of 2017:The study of the spread of cassical Chinese literature in Spanish-speaking world(17CZW038).
文摘Chinese classical culture is an organic system shared by Chinese nation for 5000 years,taking Confu-cianism as the base and including various other ideological and cultural contents.This article introduces the transmission of Chinese classical culture from Confucian classics translation,promotion of Chinese cultural spirit,writing academic dissertations on the subject of China,translation of Chinese classical literature,introduction of Chinese painting and cal-ligraphy,and ilustration of Chinese local religions.
文摘This paper presents the rigorous study of mobile robot navigation techniques used so far.The step by step investigations of classical and reactive approaches are made here to understand the development of path planning strategies in various environmental conditions and to identify research gap.The classical approaches such as cell decomposition(CD),roadmap approach(RA),artificial potential field(APF);reactive approaches such as genetic algorithm(GA),fuzzy logic(FL),neural network(NN),firefly algorithm(FA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),ant colony optimization(ACO),bacterial foraging optimization(BFO),artificial bee colony(ABC),cuckoo search(CS),shuffled frog leaping algorithm(SFLA)and other miscellaneous algorithms(OMA)are considered for study.The navigation over static and dynamic condition is analyzed(for single and multiple robot systems)and it has been observed that the reactive approaches are more robust and perform well in all terrain when compared to classical approaches.It is also observed that the reactive approaches are used to improve the performance of the classical approaches as a hybrid algorithm.Hence,reactive approaches are more popular and widely used for path planning of mobile robot.The paper concludes with tabular data and charts comparing the frequency of individual navigational strategies which can be used for specific application in robotics.
文摘President Xi Jinping’s analysis of “a common future for humanity” is one of the most important and original features of China’s foreign policy and of “Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era”.This concept is comprehensible not only in classical Chinese but in Western philosophical thought.Therefore,it is a creative development of Marxism whose accurate relation to economic reality,provides an exceptionally firm basis for China’s foreign policy and that of other countries.
文摘This paper proposes an efficient framework to utilize quantum search practically.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first paper to show a concrete usage of quantum search in general programming.In our framework,we can utilize a quantum computer as a coprocessor to speed-up some parts of a program that runs on a classical computer.To do so,we propose several new ideas and techniques,such as a practical method to design a large quantum circuits for search problems and an efficient quantum comparator.
文摘1.Cotton Sciencepublishes original papers,brief notes and review articles in all areas of cotton research,including bio-technology ,classic and molecular genetics ,growth and development ,pathology and physiology ,etc .
