This study was to investigate the effects of cold stress on the contents of total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chickens. A t...This study was to investigate the effects of cold stress on the contents of total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chickens. A total of 80 15-dayold male chickens were treated by cold stress with the duration of the acute cold stress being 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, and the chronic cold stress was 5, 10, and 20 days, respectively. Cold stress temperature was （12±1）℃. The chemical colorimetric method was used to detect the changes of the T-AOC, SOD activities and MDA contents. The results showed that compared with the corresponding control group, effects of acute cold stress on the T-AOC in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chickens significantly （P〈0.05） increased firstly and then decreased. Under chronic cold stress, the T-AOC significantly （P〈0.05） decreased. Under acute cold stress and chronic cold stress, the MDA contents significantly （P〈0.05） increased in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chickens. The effects of acute cold stress on the SOD activities in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chickens significantly （P〈0.05） increased firstly and then decreased Under chronic cold stress the SOD activities significantly （P〈0.05） decreased in jejunum and ileum, but significantly （P〈0.05） decreased firstly and then increased in duodenum.展开更多
To investigate the effects of allicin on chickens＇ lipid and antioxidant performance, Hy-laying hens＇ diets were replenished with 0 mg · kg-1, 50 mg · kg-1, 100 mg · kg-1, and 150 mg · kg-1 allic...To investigate the effects of allicin on chickens＇ lipid and antioxidant performance, Hy-laying hens＇ diets were replenished with 0 mg · kg-1, 50 mg · kg-1, 100 mg · kg-1, and 150 mg · kg-1 allicin for 42 days, respectively. The alanine aminotransferase（ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase（AST）, triglyceride（TG）, total cholesterol（TCHO）, high density lipoprotein（HDL）, and low density lipoprotein（LDL） levels were measured in chicken serum. Superoxide dismutase（SOD）, glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px） activity and malondialdehyde（MDA） levels were measured in chicken serum and liver tissue homogenate. The results showed that the supplement dose of allicin tested did not significantly change the activity of ALT or AST（P〉0.05）; TG and CHOL levels decreased with the increase of allicin additive doses, and the difference between treatment groups and CG was significant（P〈0.05）, and there was the best effect with 100 mg · kg-1; allicin significantly reduced the content of MDA, and increased SOD and GSH-Px activities compared with CG（P〈0.05）, and 100 mg · kg-1 of allicin resulted in the strongest SOD and GSH-Px activity. The antioxidant function test results of liver tissue homogenate were consistant with that of serum. Our findings indicated that allicin could enhance antioxidant capacity and reduce blood lipid level in chickens and 100 mg · kg-1 was the optimal amount of allicin additives.展开更多
There is increasing evidence that stress can activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis and hypothalamic-pituitary- thyroid-axis, and further affect the synthesis and secretion of corticotrophin-releasing hormo...There is increasing evidence that stress can activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis and hypothalamic-pituitary- thyroid-axis, and further affect the synthesis and secretion of corticotrophin-releasing hormone （CRH） and thyrotropin-releasing hormone （TRH）. To evaluate the effect of cold stress on the hypothalamic CRH and TRH messenger RNA （mRNA） levels in Yisha chickens, male Yisha chickens were subjected to acute （1, 6, 12 h） and chronic （5, 10, 20 d） cold stress （12±1）℃. Hypothalami were collected for assessment of mRNA levels by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Acute stress resulted in a significant decrease of CRH mRNA levels at 6 and 12 h, and a significant increase of TRH mRNA levels at every stress time point. Chronic cold stress resulted in a significant increase of CRH mRNA levels and a significant decrease of TRH mRNA levels compared with the control group at every stress time point. The results suggest that the two genes differently respond to cold stress at the mRNA levels. And the different degrees of cold stress will produce different effects on the identical gene.展开更多
To investigate the effects of aluminium （Al） exposure on amino acid neurotransmitters, the chickens with different levels of subchronic Al poisoning were estabolished by continuous peritoneal injection of fixed volu...To investigate the effects of aluminium （Al） exposure on amino acid neurotransmitters, the chickens with different levels of subchronic Al poisoning were estabolished by continuous peritoneal injection of fixed volume and different concentrations of gradient of aluminium trichloride （AlCl3）. The levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in chicken brains were determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） after being exposed of Al for 60 days, and Al levels in serum and brain tissue were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry （AAS）. The results showed that Glu levels increased with the increase of Al, but there was no significant difference compared with the control. The levels of Al, Asp, Gly, GABA and Tau were significantly higher in Al-treated groups than those in the control. The results indicated that Al intoxication led to excitatory neurotoxicity.展开更多
The uncoupling protein(UCP)is a member of the mitochondrial membrane transporter family,which plays an important role in energy metabolism.In the present study,the UCP gene was considered as a candidate gene for chick...The uncoupling protein(UCP)is a member of the mitochondrial membrane transporter family,which plays an important role in energy metabolism.In the present study,the UCP gene was considered as a candidate gene for chicken growth traits,and the association of UCP gene SNPs with growth rate was investigated in the eighth generation of NEAUHLF broiler lines.Two SNPs were found in chicken UCP gene,and the association analysis results showed that both the individual and combination of chicken UCPgene SNPs were significantly associated with body weight of 7 weeks(BW7)and carcass weight(CW)(P〈0.05),and the combination had much significant effects than the single SNP.This research suggested that the UCP gene could be a candidate gene or linked to a major gene which affected growth traits in chicken.展开更多
HMOX1 is an important functional candidate gene for chicken blue egg in view of its role in biosynthesis of biliverdin for blue egg coloration. To elucidate molecular mechanism of blue egg formation, this study detect...HMOX1 is an important functional candidate gene for chicken blue egg in view of its role in biosynthesis of biliverdin for blue egg coloration. To elucidate molecular mechanism of blue egg formation, this study detected expression of HMOX1 in blue-shelled chickens and brown-shelled chickens. Expression and alternative splicing of HMOX1 were detected by Northern blot, expression traits of HO-1 protein in shell glands of blue- （n=4） and brown-shelled （n=4） chickens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. 3＇ UTR of HMOX1 was cloned using 3＇RACE. Results showed that the expression of HMOX1 at mRNA level had no significant difference between two groups of chickens, but at protein level HO-1 protein was highly expressed in blue-shelled chickens. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that HO-1 protein expression was predominately located in villus epithelial cell of shell gland. Length of HMOX1 3＇ UTR were 586 bp. In 3＇ UTR we found a SNP of rs13866562 showing significant association with blue egg phenotype. Further miRNA prediction showed that it might influence interaction of some miRNAs and target sequences. The data suggested that blue egg is relevant to high expression of HO-1 in villus epithelial cell of shell gland. Further experimental validation for biological relevance of miRNAs is dispensable to elucidate reason for differential expressions of HO-1 protein.展开更多
Based on chicken＇ consensus map issued in 2000, 17 microsatellites near 4 candidate genes such as IGF2, OBR, GDF8 and APOA 1 in 4 chromosomes （chromosome 5, 7, 8 and 24） were chosen for polymorphism analysis and co...Based on chicken＇ consensus map issued in 2000, 17 microsatellites near 4 candidate genes such as IGF2, OBR, GDF8 and APOA 1 in 4 chromosomes （chromosome 5, 7, 8 and 24） were chosen for polymorphism analysis and construction of linkage map. Combining the technique of PCR and the fluorescent semi-automated detection, genome scanning was performed for 440 chickens, which was derived from China Agricultural University chicken resource families within three generations. The individuals of this resource families were genotyped. The results showed that the number of alleles ranged from 4 to 14; heterozygosity （H） of markers was between 0.3116 and 0.9148. Polymorphic information content （PIC） varied from 0.2672 to 0.8679. Microsatellites along with above-mentioned 4 candidate genes doing as general markers were used to construct linkage map. The spans of 4 linkage maps constructed in the part region of chromosome 5, 7, 8 and 24 were 263.5, 79.9, 206.2 and 104.2 cM, respectively. The order of markers was consistent with that of counterpart of reported consensus map. However, The spans of linkage map were larger than that of consensus map. The constructed linkage maps laid the foundation for mapping quantitative trait loci （QTL） responsible for economically important traits in chicken.展开更多
Dendritic cells （DCs） are bone marrow-derived professional antigen presenting cells （APCs）, they are crucial for initiation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, chicken bone marrow （chBM）...Dendritic cells （DCs） are bone marrow-derived professional antigen presenting cells （APCs）, they are crucial for initiation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, chicken bone marrow （chBM） cells were cultured in medium with recombinant chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor （rGM-CSF） and recombinant chicken interleukin-4 （rIL-4） for 7 days, displayed the typical morphology of DCs. These immature chicken bone marrow-derived DCs （chBM-DCs） showed signifcant up-regulation of the putative CD11c and of major histocompatibility complex class II （MHC II）, but CD40 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules were almost no up-regulated. However, maturation with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, surface expression of CD40, CD86 was greatly increased. The phagocytosis of chBM-DCs was assessed by neutral red, and the phagocytosis decreased after stimulation. In mixed lymphocyte responses （MLR）, stimulated chBM-DCs were more effective to T-cell stimulators than non-stimulated chBM-DCs. In addition, mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCLi1 and CXCLi2 were assessed by real-time qPCR （qRT-PCR）, and the results showed cultured chBM-DCs could be matured to a T helper cell type 1 （Th1）-promoting phenotype by LPS stimulation.展开更多
Blood samples were taken from birds,from a commercial line of broiler chicken,being in a fully fed state and in fasting state for 2,4,6 hours respectively at 49 d of age and plasma very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) c...Blood samples were taken from birds,from a commercial line of broiler chicken,being in a fully fed state and in fasting state for 2,4,6 hours respectively at 49 d of age and plasma very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) concentration was measured with turbidimetric assay.The experiment results showed that the variation coefficients of plasma VLDL concentration mersured at four different times were 58.11%,74.39%,69.70%,47.83%,respectively for male broilers,and 41.82%,60.87%.59.26%,50.0%for female broilers respectively.Plasma VLDL concentration decreased with the fasting time.There was a significant positive phenotypic correlation between abdominal fat weight,percentage of abdominal fat and plasma VLDL concentration for the birds being in fully feeding state,and the correlation decreased or no longer existed for the bired being in fasting state.The conclusion was that for practically application of plasma VLDL content selected in broiler chicken breeding,blood samples should be collected from birds being in feeding state.展开更多
The Nei's improved genetic distance(DA)and gene flow(Nm)were measured using sixteen microsatellite markers.Dendograms based on DA genetic distance using the neighbor-joining(NJ)method and STRUCTURE program were co...The Nei's improved genetic distance(DA)and gene flow(Nm)were measured using sixteen microsatellite markers.Dendograms based on DA genetic distance using the neighbor-joining(NJ)method and STRUCTURE program were constructed to analyze the genetic structure and relationship among 10 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds.The results showed that dendograms of DA genetic distance using the NJ method divided the 10 chicken breeds into two main clusters;one consisted of breeds of low weight body(CHA,TTB,XIA,GUS and BAI),the other contained heavier breeds(LAN,DAG,YOU,XIS and LUY).In the lighter breeds,TIB and CHA clustered together,as did XIA and GUS.In the heavier breeds,XIS and LUY was clustered together in one branch,but LAN,DAG and YOU clustered in independent branches.The results were consistent with Nm estimates among the 10 indigenous chicken breeds.The STRUCTURE program properly inferred the presence of genetic structure despite not pre-defining the origin of individuals.The genetic cluster inferred by STRUCTURE was basically the same as that from the DA distance clustering method.An advantage of the STRUCTURE program was its ability to identify the migrants and admixed individuals in the 10 chicken populations;this could not be achieved by use of the DA distance clustering method.展开更多
Preliminary study has been made to test wether three strains McAb（1B1,5D<sub>6</sub>, 6D<sub>8</sub>）are against the same antigen determinant.Througn ELISA additive and competition expeiments...Preliminary study has been made to test wether three strains McAb（1B1,5D<sub>6</sub>, 6D<sub>8</sub>）are against the same antigen determinant.Througn ELISA additive and competition expeiments,itproved that these three strains are against different antigen determinant.The result of positiveserum antigen component analysis with 2 strains IBDV McAb showed that sample IBD positiveserum had obvious inhibition against combination of 5D<sub>6</sub> McAb with corresponding antigen.Theresults of substitution of corresponding component in ELISA inhibition experiment and compari-son of non-IBD serum （SPF chicken serum,ND,MD,IA positive serum）proved that IBD anti-serum was the only one showing inhibition against 5D<sub>6</sub> McAb.Comparison with AGP and electro-microscope observation showed that ELISA inhibition experiment was characterised by high-specificity,rapidity and sensitiveness.799 serum samples were tested with ELISA inhibition anddouble immunodiffusion（AGP） experiments.ELISA had gotten 486 positive,with positive rate of60.83%;and AGP 334。展开更多
GPAT,AIRC and purH genes are involved in the de novo purine biosynthesis,and they all had significant effects on muscle inosine monophosphate(IMP) content in chickens.This study was designed to investigate the effects...GPAT,AIRC and purH genes are involved in the de novo purine biosynthesis,and they all had significant effects on muscle inosine monophosphate(IMP) content in chickens.This study was designed to investigate the effects of GPAT,AIRC and purH genes on muscle IMP content in a relatively large population of Baier chickens;single genotype effects as well as the combined genotype effects were analyzed.The results further support that GPAT,AIRC and purH genes had effects on muscle IMP content;they might be candidate loci or linked to major genes affecting muscle IMP content.The combined genotypic effects were significantly higher than those of the single genotypes and were even larger when more gene loci were combined.We tentatively conclude that combined genotypes are superior to single genotypes as potential molecular markers for meat quality traits in chicken.展开更多
The even degree of chicken population could be estimated by the coefficient of variation or the percentage of the chicken whose body weights were not higher and lower than average body weight by 15% in the sampling po...The even degree of chicken population could be estimated by the coefficient of variation or the percentage of the chicken whose body weights were not higher and lower than average body weight by 15% in the sampling population.In fact,the two indexes were relative to each other.On the basis of analyzing the relationship between the two expectations,the expectations which had been worked out independently were corrected in this paper.展开更多
The spleenic and thymus T lymphocyte proliferaitivc reactions (TLPR) were enhanced, the intcrlcukin 2(IL-2) inductive activity was raised, and the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) inductive expression was increased significantly...The spleenic and thymus T lymphocyte proliferaitivc reactions (TLPR) were enhanced, the intcrlcukin 2(IL-2) inductive activity was raised, and the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) inductive expression was increased significantly in chickens after inoculation with trivalcnt Marck’s disease vaccine in comparison with control chickens and those after vaccination with herpcsvirus of turkey (HVT) vaccine. In chickens after inoculation with HVT vaccine, in contrast with control chickens, the splcenic TLPR was strengthened and IL-2R inductive expression was hoisted significantly, the thymus TLPR, splccnic and thymus T lymphocyte IL-2 inductive activity, the thymus T lymphocyte IL-2R inductive expression were not significantly increased.展开更多
In order to explore the effect of manganese on DNA-protein crosslinks （DPC） of testicle in chicken. 500, 800, 1 700 mg·kg^-1 MnC12 were added to forage to establish the model of the sub-chronic manganese poison...In order to explore the effect of manganese on DNA-protein crosslinks （DPC） of testicle in chicken. 500, 800, 1 700 mg·kg^-1 MnC12 were added to forage to establish the model of the sub-chronic manganese poisoning. After 30, 60 and 90 d, testicles were taken out to detect hydroxyl radical inhibiting capacity and DPC content. The results showed that compared with control group, hydroxyl radical inhibiting capacity significantly decreased and DPC content notably increased, and there was a time-dose relationship. It demonstrated that manganese could decrease the inhibitng capacity of hydroxyl radical, increase the content of hydroxyl and DPC, and induce DNA damage.展开更多
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2） plays a key role in bone formation and maintenance. BMP-2 can stimulate longitudinal bone growth by increasing the growth plate chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, and cartil...Bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2） plays a key role in bone formation and maintenance. BMP-2 can stimulate longitudinal bone growth by increasing the growth plate chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, and cartilage matrix synthesis. The current study was designed to investigate the associations of the BMP-2 gene polymorphism with chicken skeletal traits. Northeast Agricultural University F2 resource population was used in this study. Body weight and body composition traits were measured in F2 population. Polymorphism between parental lines was detected by DNA sequencing, and PCR-fragment length polymorphism method was then developed to screen the population. The results showed that the BMP-2 gene polymorphism was associated with skeletal traits in F2 population. This research suggests that BMP-2 gene may be a candidate locus or linked to a major gene that affects skeletal traits in chickens.展开更多
The domesticated chicken has important roles in basic and applied research. The vector based on scaffold matrix attachment region （S/MAR） appears to be sufficient to maintain long-term expression in an episomal stat...The domesticated chicken has important roles in basic and applied research. The vector based on scaffold matrix attachment region （S/MAR） appears to be sufficient to maintain long-term expression in an episomal state in various mammalian cells. To explore the practical use of episomal vector in transgene technology of agricultural chickens, we fused the S/MAR of the human r-interferon gene into the pEGFP vector and transduced it into chickens by sperm-mediated gene transfer （SMGT）. PCR detection indicated the positive rate of transgene chickens was 60%. The RT-PCR detection and fluorescence observation confirmed the expression of the GFP and indicated the existence of the GFP during the chicken embryogenesis and fetal development. The PCR detection and rescue experiments confirmed the episomal state of the pEPI-EGFP in chick embryos and chicks. These results showed that the S/MAR-based vector could function properly in chicken embryos and was a practicable tool combined with the SMGT to study the development of chickens.展开更多
To investigate the effects of aluminum trichloride （AlCl3） on renal structure and function in chickens, the chickens were injected continuously with different gradient AlCl3 for 60 days to establish sub-chronic alum...To investigate the effects of aluminum trichloride （AlCl3） on renal structure and function in chickens, the chickens were injected continuously with different gradient AlCl3 for 60 days to establish sub-chronic aluminum （Al） intoxication model. The AI concentration in serum and kidney, contents of creatinine （Cr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） in serum were detected, and the renal structure was also observed by optical microscope. The results showed that the A1 concentration in serum and kidney, the contents of Cr and BUN in serum were significantly higher in Al-treated chickens than those in the control group （P〈0.05; P〈0.01） and there was an AlCl3 dose-depended manner. Histopathologically, in the low dose group, acinus renis swelled mildly and there were no apparent pathological changes in nephric tubule and proximal convoluted tubule. In the middle and high dose group, acinus renis swelled, glomerular cells increased, nephric tubule cloudy swelled, and epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubule swelled. The results indicated that sub-chronic Al exposure impaired the renal structure and function in chickens.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Foundation of Technological Innovation Project of Harbin (DEDE-2010RFXXN041)
文摘This study was to investigate the effects of cold stress on the contents of total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chickens. A total of 80 15-dayold male chickens were treated by cold stress with the duration of the acute cold stress being 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, and the chronic cold stress was 5, 10, and 20 days, respectively. Cold stress temperature was （12±1）℃. The chemical colorimetric method was used to detect the changes of the T-AOC, SOD activities and MDA contents. The results showed that compared with the corresponding control group, effects of acute cold stress on the T-AOC in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chickens significantly （P〈0.05） increased firstly and then decreased. Under chronic cold stress, the T-AOC significantly （P〈0.05） decreased. Under acute cold stress and chronic cold stress, the MDA contents significantly （P〈0.05） increased in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chickens. The effects of acute cold stress on the SOD activities in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chickens significantly （P〈0.05） increased firstly and then decreased Under chronic cold stress the SOD activities significantly （P〈0.05） decreased in jejunum and ileum, but significantly （P〈0.05） decreased firstly and then increased in duodenum.
文摘To investigate the effects of allicin on chickens＇ lipid and antioxidant performance, Hy-laying hens＇ diets were replenished with 0 mg · kg-1, 50 mg · kg-1, 100 mg · kg-1, and 150 mg · kg-1 allicin for 42 days, respectively. The alanine aminotransferase（ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase（AST）, triglyceride（TG）, total cholesterol（TCHO）, high density lipoprotein（HDL）, and low density lipoprotein（LDL） levels were measured in chicken serum. Superoxide dismutase（SOD）, glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px） activity and malondialdehyde（MDA） levels were measured in chicken serum and liver tissue homogenate. The results showed that the supplement dose of allicin tested did not significantly change the activity of ALT or AST（P〉0.05）; TG and CHOL levels decreased with the increase of allicin additive doses, and the difference between treatment groups and CG was significant（P〈0.05）, and there was the best effect with 100 mg · kg-1; allicin significantly reduced the content of MDA, and increased SOD and GSH-Px activities compared with CG（P〈0.05）, and 100 mg · kg-1 of allicin resulted in the strongest SOD and GSH-Px activity. The antioxidant function test results of liver tissue homogenate were consistant with that of serum. Our findings indicated that allicin could enhance antioxidant capacity and reduce blood lipid level in chickens and 100 mg · kg-1 was the optimal amount of allicin additives.
文摘There is increasing evidence that stress can activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis and hypothalamic-pituitary- thyroid-axis, and further affect the synthesis and secretion of corticotrophin-releasing hormone （CRH） and thyrotropin-releasing hormone （TRH）. To evaluate the effect of cold stress on the hypothalamic CRH and TRH messenger RNA （mRNA） levels in Yisha chickens, male Yisha chickens were subjected to acute （1, 6, 12 h） and chronic （5, 10, 20 d） cold stress （12±1）℃. Hypothalami were collected for assessment of mRNA levels by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Acute stress resulted in a significant decrease of CRH mRNA levels at 6 and 12 h, and a significant increase of TRH mRNA levels at every stress time point. Chronic cold stress resulted in a significant increase of CRH mRNA levels and a significant decrease of TRH mRNA levels compared with the control group at every stress time point. The results suggest that the two genes differently respond to cold stress at the mRNA levels. And the different degrees of cold stress will produce different effects on the identical gene.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Program of Helongjiang Educational Bureau (12511028)the Postgraduate Innovative Scientific Research Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (YJSCX2012-026HLJ)
文摘To investigate the effects of aluminium （Al） exposure on amino acid neurotransmitters, the chickens with different levels of subchronic Al poisoning were estabolished by continuous peritoneal injection of fixed volume and different concentrations of gradient of aluminium trichloride （AlCl3）. The levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in chicken brains were determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） after being exposed of Al for 60 days, and Al levels in serum and brain tissue were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry （AAS）. The results showed that Glu levels increased with the increase of Al, but there was no significant difference compared with the control. The levels of Al, Asp, Gly, GABA and Tau were significantly higher in Al-treated groups than those in the control. The results indicated that Al intoxication led to excitatory neurotoxicity.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-42)Program for Innovation Research Team in University of Heilongjiang Province(2010td02)
文摘The uncoupling protein(UCP)is a member of the mitochondrial membrane transporter family,which plays an important role in energy metabolism.In the present study,the UCP gene was considered as a candidate gene for chicken growth traits,and the association of UCP gene SNPs with growth rate was investigated in the eighth generation of NEAUHLF broiler lines.Two SNPs were found in chicken UCP gene,and the association analysis results showed that both the individual and combination of chicken UCPgene SNPs were significantly associated with body weight of 7 weeks(BW7)and carcass weight(CW)(P〈0.05),and the combination had much significant effects than the single SNP.This research suggested that the UCP gene could be a candidate gene or linked to a major gene which affected growth traits in chicken.
基金Supported by the Northwest Scientific Startup Foundation for Doctor(Z109021112)the National Nature Science Foundation(31072024)Lueyang Chicken Breeding Project of Northwest A&F University(Z109021127)
文摘HMOX1 is an important functional candidate gene for chicken blue egg in view of its role in biosynthesis of biliverdin for blue egg coloration. To elucidate molecular mechanism of blue egg formation, this study detected expression of HMOX1 in blue-shelled chickens and brown-shelled chickens. Expression and alternative splicing of HMOX1 were detected by Northern blot, expression traits of HO-1 protein in shell glands of blue- （n=4） and brown-shelled （n=4） chickens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. 3＇ UTR of HMOX1 was cloned using 3＇RACE. Results showed that the expression of HMOX1 at mRNA level had no significant difference between two groups of chickens, but at protein level HO-1 protein was highly expressed in blue-shelled chickens. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that HO-1 protein expression was predominately located in villus epithelial cell of shell gland. Length of HMOX1 3＇ UTR were 586 bp. In 3＇ UTR we found a SNP of rs13866562 showing significant association with blue egg phenotype. Further miRNA prediction showed that it might influence interaction of some miRNAs and target sequences. The data suggested that blue egg is relevant to high expression of HO-1 in villus epithelial cell of shell gland. Further experimental validation for biological relevance of miRNAs is dispensable to elucidate reason for differential expressions of HO-1 protein.
基金Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-04-0343)National Natural Science Foundation Key Project(30430510)Excellent Young Teachers Program of MOE.People's Republic of China(1985)
文摘Based on chicken＇ consensus map issued in 2000, 17 microsatellites near 4 candidate genes such as IGF2, OBR, GDF8 and APOA 1 in 4 chromosomes （chromosome 5, 7, 8 and 24） were chosen for polymorphism analysis and construction of linkage map. Combining the technique of PCR and the fluorescent semi-automated detection, genome scanning was performed for 440 chickens, which was derived from China Agricultural University chicken resource families within three generations. The individuals of this resource families were genotyped. The results showed that the number of alleles ranged from 4 to 14; heterozygosity （H） of markers was between 0.3116 and 0.9148. Polymorphic information content （PIC） varied from 0.2672 to 0.8679. Microsatellites along with above-mentioned 4 candidate genes doing as general markers were used to construct linkage map. The spans of 4 linkage maps constructed in the part region of chromosome 5, 7, 8 and 24 were 263.5, 79.9, 206.2 and 104.2 cM, respectively. The order of markers was consistent with that of counterpart of reported consensus map. However, The spans of linkage map were larger than that of consensus map. The constructed linkage maps laid the foundation for mapping quantitative trait loci （QTL） responsible for economically important traits in chicken.
基金Supported by the National Technology and Research Project(2015BAD12B01-4)
文摘Dendritic cells （DCs） are bone marrow-derived professional antigen presenting cells （APCs）, they are crucial for initiation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, chicken bone marrow （chBM） cells were cultured in medium with recombinant chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor （rGM-CSF） and recombinant chicken interleukin-4 （rIL-4） for 7 days, displayed the typical morphology of DCs. These immature chicken bone marrow-derived DCs （chBM-DCs） showed signifcant up-regulation of the putative CD11c and of major histocompatibility complex class II （MHC II）, but CD40 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules were almost no up-regulated. However, maturation with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, surface expression of CD40, CD86 was greatly increased. The phagocytosis of chBM-DCs was assessed by neutral red, and the phagocytosis decreased after stimulation. In mixed lymphocyte responses （MLR）, stimulated chBM-DCs were more effective to T-cell stimulators than non-stimulated chBM-DCs. In addition, mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCLi1 and CXCLi2 were assessed by real-time qPCR （qRT-PCR）, and the results showed cultured chBM-DCs could be matured to a T helper cell type 1 （Th1）-promoting phenotype by LPS stimulation.
文摘Blood samples were taken from birds,from a commercial line of broiler chicken,being in a fully fed state and in fasting state for 2,4,6 hours respectively at 49 d of age and plasma very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) concentration was measured with turbidimetric assay.The experiment results showed that the variation coefficients of plasma VLDL concentration mersured at four different times were 58.11%,74.39%,69.70%,47.83%,respectively for male broilers,and 41.82%,60.87%.59.26%,50.0%for female broilers respectively.Plasma VLDL concentration decreased with the fasting time.There was a significant positive phenotypic correlation between abdominal fat weight,percentage of abdominal fat and plasma VLDL concentration for the birds being in fully feeding state,and the correlation decreased or no longer existed for the bired being in fasting state.The conclusion was that for practically application of plasma VLDL content selected in broiler chicken breeding,blood samples should be collected from birds being in feeding state.
基金supported by the Program of National Technological Basis from Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2005DKA21101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30700572)
文摘The Nei's improved genetic distance(DA)and gene flow(Nm)were measured using sixteen microsatellite markers.Dendograms based on DA genetic distance using the neighbor-joining(NJ)method and STRUCTURE program were constructed to analyze the genetic structure and relationship among 10 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds.The results showed that dendograms of DA genetic distance using the NJ method divided the 10 chicken breeds into two main clusters;one consisted of breeds of low weight body(CHA,TTB,XIA,GUS and BAI),the other contained heavier breeds(LAN,DAG,YOU,XIS and LUY).In the lighter breeds,TIB and CHA clustered together,as did XIA and GUS.In the heavier breeds,XIS and LUY was clustered together in one branch,but LAN,DAG and YOU clustered in independent branches.The results were consistent with Nm estimates among the 10 indigenous chicken breeds.The STRUCTURE program properly inferred the presence of genetic structure despite not pre-defining the origin of individuals.The genetic cluster inferred by STRUCTURE was basically the same as that from the DA distance clustering method.An advantage of the STRUCTURE program was its ability to identify the migrants and admixed individuals in the 10 chicken populations;this could not be achieved by use of the DA distance clustering method.
文摘Preliminary study has been made to test wether three strains McAb（1B1,5D<sub>6</sub>, 6D<sub>8</sub>）are against the same antigen determinant.Througn ELISA additive and competition expeiments,itproved that these three strains are against different antigen determinant.The result of positiveserum antigen component analysis with 2 strains IBDV McAb showed that sample IBD positiveserum had obvious inhibition against combination of 5D<sub>6</sub> McAb with corresponding antigen.Theresults of substitution of corresponding component in ELISA inhibition experiment and compari-son of non-IBD serum （SPF chicken serum,ND,MD,IA positive serum）proved that IBD anti-serum was the only one showing inhibition against 5D<sub>6</sub> McAb.Comparison with AGP and electro-microscope observation showed that ELISA inhibition experiment was characterised by high-specificity,rapidity and sensitiveness.799 serum samples were tested with ELISA inhibition anddouble immunodiffusion（AGP） experiments.ELISA had gotten 486 positive,with positive rate of60.83%;and AGP 334。
基金supported by the Earmarked Fund For Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research SystemNational High Technology Research and Development Program of P.R.China(No.863-2008AA101009-7), 863-2006AA10Z1D8+1 种基金National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2008BADB2B01)Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2008361)
文摘GPAT,AIRC and purH genes are involved in the de novo purine biosynthesis,and they all had significant effects on muscle inosine monophosphate(IMP) content in chickens.This study was designed to investigate the effects of GPAT,AIRC and purH genes on muscle IMP content in a relatively large population of Baier chickens;single genotype effects as well as the combined genotype effects were analyzed.The results further support that GPAT,AIRC and purH genes had effects on muscle IMP content;they might be candidate loci or linked to major genes affecting muscle IMP content.The combined genotypic effects were significantly higher than those of the single genotypes and were even larger when more gene loci were combined.We tentatively conclude that combined genotypes are superior to single genotypes as potential molecular markers for meat quality traits in chicken.
基金Financed by the Heilongjiang province natural science fund
文摘The even degree of chicken population could be estimated by the coefficient of variation or the percentage of the chicken whose body weights were not higher and lower than average body weight by 15% in the sampling population.In fact,the two indexes were relative to each other.On the basis of analyzing the relationship between the two expectations,the expectations which had been worked out independently were corrected in this paper.
基金The project is supported financially by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The spleenic and thymus T lymphocyte proliferaitivc reactions (TLPR) were enhanced, the intcrlcukin 2(IL-2) inductive activity was raised, and the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) inductive expression was increased significantly in chickens after inoculation with trivalcnt Marck’s disease vaccine in comparison with control chickens and those after vaccination with herpcsvirus of turkey (HVT) vaccine. In chickens after inoculation with HVT vaccine, in contrast with control chickens, the splcenic TLPR was strengthened and IL-2R inductive expression was hoisted significantly, the thymus TLPR, splccnic and thymus T lymphocyte IL-2 inductive activity, the thymus T lymphocyte IL-2R inductive expression were not significantly increased.
文摘In order to explore the effect of manganese on DNA-protein crosslinks （DPC） of testicle in chicken. 500, 800, 1 700 mg·kg^-1 MnC12 were added to forage to establish the model of the sub-chronic manganese poisoning. After 30, 60 and 90 d, testicles were taken out to detect hydroxyl radical inhibiting capacity and DPC content. The results showed that compared with control group, hydroxyl radical inhibiting capacity significantly decreased and DPC content notably increased, and there was a time-dose relationship. It demonstrated that manganese could decrease the inhibitng capacity of hydroxyl radical, increase the content of hydroxyl and DPC, and induce DNA damage.
基金Supported by National "973" Project of China (2006CB102105)National "863" Project of China (2006AA10A120)Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (nycytx-42-G1-07)
文摘Bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2） plays a key role in bone formation and maintenance. BMP-2 can stimulate longitudinal bone growth by increasing the growth plate chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, and cartilage matrix synthesis. The current study was designed to investigate the associations of the BMP-2 gene polymorphism with chicken skeletal traits. Northeast Agricultural University F2 resource population was used in this study. Body weight and body composition traits were measured in F2 population. Polymorphism between parental lines was detected by DNA sequencing, and PCR-fragment length polymorphism method was then developed to screen the population. The results showed that the BMP-2 gene polymorphism was associated with skeletal traits in F2 population. This research suggests that BMP-2 gene may be a candidate locus or linked to a major gene that affects skeletal traits in chickens.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101033)the Doctoral Research Foundation of Northeast Agricultural University(2009RC56)the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department(11551039)
文摘The domesticated chicken has important roles in basic and applied research. The vector based on scaffold matrix attachment region （S/MAR） appears to be sufficient to maintain long-term expression in an episomal state in various mammalian cells. To explore the practical use of episomal vector in transgene technology of agricultural chickens, we fused the S/MAR of the human r-interferon gene into the pEGFP vector and transduced it into chickens by sperm-mediated gene transfer （SMGT）. PCR detection indicated the positive rate of transgene chickens was 60%. The RT-PCR detection and fluorescence observation confirmed the expression of the GFP and indicated the existence of the GFP during the chicken embryogenesis and fetal development. The PCR detection and rescue experiments confirmed the episomal state of the pEPI-EGFP in chick embryos and chicks. These results showed that the S/MAR-based vector could function properly in chicken embryos and was a practicable tool combined with the SMGT to study the development of chickens.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172375)
文摘To investigate the effects of aluminum trichloride （AlCl3） on renal structure and function in chickens, the chickens were injected continuously with different gradient AlCl3 for 60 days to establish sub-chronic aluminum （Al） intoxication model. The AI concentration in serum and kidney, contents of creatinine （Cr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） in serum were detected, and the renal structure was also observed by optical microscope. The results showed that the A1 concentration in serum and kidney, the contents of Cr and BUN in serum were significantly higher in Al-treated chickens than those in the control group （P〈0.05; P〈0.01） and there was an AlCl3 dose-depended manner. Histopathologically, in the low dose group, acinus renis swelled mildly and there were no apparent pathological changes in nephric tubule and proximal convoluted tubule. In the middle and high dose group, acinus renis swelled, glomerular cells increased, nephric tubule cloudy swelled, and epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubule swelled. The results indicated that sub-chronic Al exposure impaired the renal structure and function in chickens.
